The document discusses the key components and properties of soil. It describes the different layers of soil - the O horizon at the top which contains living and decomposed materials, the dark A horizon below it which is rich in minerals and organic matter where many plants grow, the lighter B horizon below containing more clay and minerals, and the C horizon at the bottom consisting of partially weathered bedrock. The color of the soil provides clues to its composition, health, and changes over time.

1. SOIL
• Soil formation and composition
• Components of the Soil
• Physical properties of Soil
• Types of Soil
• Layers of Soil

7. Color
• The color of the soil can give clues
to its health, origin and long-term
changes.
• It can also indicate the color of
parent material.

11. River Sand Concrete Sand
M - Sand Pit Sand

19. • This is the top layer of soil that is made
up of living and decomposed materials
like leaves, plants and bugs.
• This layer is very thin.

20. • It is located just below the O Horizon.
• This layer is made up of minerals and
decomposed organic matter.
• It is also very dark in color.
• This is the layer that many plants grow in.

21. • It is located just below the A Horizon.
• This layer has clay and mineral deposits
and less organic materials than the layers
above it
• This layer is also lighter in color than the
layers above it.

22. C HORIZON
• This layer denotes the layer of
partially weathered bedrock at the
base of the soil profile.
• Unlike the above layers, C Horizons
largely comprise continuous masses
of hard rock that cannot be excavated
by hand.