Dialect presentation
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Tongan is a Polynesian language spoken by about 95,000 people mainly in Tonga as well as in other Pacific islands and countries like Australia and New Zealand. While it is closely related to languages like Niue and Samoan, Tongan has some unique characteristics such as having no consonants, using an apostrophe as a letter, and following a verb-subject-object word order. The language also lacks the letter R and uses plurals marked in front of nouns. Though still widely spoken, Tongan is evolving and many younger generations are more proficient in English due to it being taught in Tongan schools.
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Why we don't teach pronunciation & why we must disal - february 2014
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Dialect presentation
- 1. TONGAN By: Mackenzie Sabin With: Nicole Lavulo
- 2. Where is Tongan Spoken • Tongan is a member of the Polynesian branch of the Austronesian languages spoken by about 95,000 people mainly in Tonga. It is also spoken in American Samoa, Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand, Niue, the USA and Vanuatu. It is closely related to Niue, Wallisian and Samoan. • Slight dialect differences north to south. • Lexical similarity: 86% with Wallisian 66% with Samoan
- 3. Why is it Unique • There are no consonants in the language • There are only seventeen letters and one of the letters is actually an apostrophe • Speakers of Tongan struggle to pronounce R because it is not found in the language so they often replace the R sound with the L sound. • The language contains similar glottal stops represented by an apostrophe in writing. They are similar to the stops in the English word “uh-oh”
- 5. SVO? • Tongan does not follow SVO order. Instead it puts the verb before the subject, which is VSO So, “the red house is on a hill” would become “the house is red on that hill”
- 6. Lexicon •The word Tattoo comes from the Polynesian word Tatau and has the same meaning for both languages
- 7. Plurals • Plurals are marked in front of nouns. There are certain words for nouns. • Kau pronounced caw is used for things and objects, or groups of people and is formal • Fanga pronounced Fan-ga is used for animals and is informal • Book is tohi (DOH-He) to mark this plural you would say Kau tohi meaning books
- 8. Past Tense Markers • To mark past tense words that indicate they are talking about the past are used. • For example, Osi (Oh-cee) translates to done and when it is placed in front of other words in the form of a question it automatically indicates it is past tense.
- 9. Is it a disappearing language? •It is not necessarily disappearing, but it is evolving in structure. For example, words her grandparents spoke are not used now. •Despite the official language being Tongan in Tonga they teach English in schools and throughout the country.