Insulin enables glucose uptake in tissues and regulates glucose production in the liver. In type 1 diabetes, the lack of insulin means glucose cannot enter cells and the liver produces glucose. Management of acute pathophysiology involves admission to intensive care, IV insulin and fluid replacement to lower high blood glucose, and treating any precipitating factors. Long term complications can impact vision through effects on the eyes, as well as increasing risks of heart issues, hypertension, and hyperplasia of tissues.

1. Pathophysiology
Mohannad Soliman - 1074

3. In the absence or low of insulin,
glucose cannot enter the cell.
(Type 1 Diabetes)
Insulin enables glucose uptake
by adipose tissue and resting skeletal
muscle.

4. Type 1 Dieabetes liver cell.
A hepatocyte in the fasted state
makes glucose and transports it out into the blood.
Normal liver cell.
Insulin acts indirectly to alter glucose uptake in
hepatocytes: in fed state liver cells take up glucose.

7. MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE PATHOPHSIOLOGY
Usually admitted to intensive care unit of hospital for care since client is in life-threatening
condition: unresponsive, may be on ventilator, has nasogastric suction.
- Vigorous fluid replacement
- Give insulin IV *Regular insulin (Short acting,soluble,crystalline zinc insulin).
- Lower glucose with regular insulin until glucose level drops to 250 mg/dL
- Potassium, sodium chloride given IV
-Dextrose is given when blood sugar reaches around 250mg/100ml to prevent hypoglycemia
-Treat precipitating factors.

8. Long Term
Inhibit NO
“vasomotor tone”
vascular endothelial
cells
sorbitol
accumelates in
non depending
insulin cells
lens,barin,nerves
Hypertension
Glaucoma
e.g. Cataract
*High levels of blood sugar
resulting from diabetes can
affect your ability to see by
causing the lens inside the
eye to swell, which can
result in temporary blurring
of eyesight.
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
HEART FAILURE+ imparid
oxygen
HYPERPLASIA
e.g prostate