Glycosuria is a condition where glucose is present in the urine in measurable amounts, indicating abnormally high blood glucose levels. The kidneys normally reabsorb all glucose filtered out of the blood to keep blood glucose levels stable. Glycosuria occurs when blood glucose levels are too high for the kidneys to reabsorb, often due to insulin deficiency in diabetes. It can also occur due to rare genetic disorders where the kidneys cannot reabsorb glucose properly. Pregnant women may experience it as an early sign of gestational diabetes. Symptoms include increased urination and thirst.

1. Glycosuria
Suffix: -uria

2. What is Glycosuria?

3. Glycosuria
A condition where glucose is excreted in measurable amounts in the
urine. Normally, the amount of glucose in the urine is so small it's
undetectable. The kidneys are responsible for filtering waste
byproducts and other compounds out of the blood. Glucose is one
substrate that is removed during filtering. The proximal renal tubules
in the kidneys reabsorb this glucose and send it back into the body.
The body uses glucose (sugar) as fuel for many functions, and the
kidneys help to keep it circulating. Glucose is typically only released
when the blood glucose level is abnormally high. The main reason
glycosuria is usually detected is because the blood glucose levels are
high enough that the renal tubules in the kidneys are not able to
process or reabsorb all the excesses glucose, causing
hyperglycemia. Extremely high blood glucose levels are usually
caused by a lack of insulin production by the pancreas. This is a
symptom of Type 2 diabetes, or diabetes mellitus.

4. Type-2 Diabetes & Glycosuria
Extremely high blood glucose levels are usually caused
by a lack of insulin production by the pancreas. This is
normally a symptom of Type 2 diabetes, or diabetes
mellitus.

5. Renal Glycosuria
Glycosuria can also occur despite blood glucose levels
being normal or even low. It can happen in patients that
have renal tubules that should be able to reabsorb the
excess glucose but don't. This disorder is known as Renal
Glycosuria.

6. Renal Glycosuria

7. Renal Glycosuria
Cause and Effects
When the proximal renal tubules stop reabsorbing filtered
glucose, a condition called renal glycosuria is imminent.
This is an inherited disorder also known as membrane
transport disorder. It is a metamorphosis that affects
certain membrane proteins which causes function
abnormality. These mutations affect the kidneys and lead
to glycosuria.

8. Rare Cases of Glycosuria
 There are also other rare circumstances that can lead
to glycosuria. Fanconi’s syndrome, severe anxiety,
Lowe’s syndrome, cystinosis, Wilson’s disease,
interstitial nephritis, heavy metal poisoning, severe
dehydration, or ketosis can also cause glycosuria.

9. Pregnancy & Glycosuria
Pregnant women may also experience glycosuria and
should be monitored if they have a history of it, as it can
be an early indicator of gestational diabetes.

10. Symptoms of Glycosuria
Although there are
usually a void of
symptoms associated
with glycosuria, the
typical signs may
include excessive
urination, especially at
night while sleeping,
the feeling of excessive
thirst, and ultimately
dehydration. These are
also some of the same
symptoms that a
person with type-2
diabetes would exhibit.

11. Polyuria
Suffix: -uria

12. What is Polyuria?
Polyuria: The excessive
passage of urine (at least 2.5
liters per day for an adult)
resulting in profuse urination
and urinary frequency (the
need to urinate frequently).

13. What Causes Polyuria?
 Polyuria is a classic sign
of diabetes mellitus that is under poor
control or is not yet under treatment.
Polyuria occurs in some other conditions
such as:
 Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus -- a genetic
disease
 Polycystic kidney disease -- another
genetic disease
 Sickle cell disease
 Pyelonephritis -- infection of kidneys
 Amyloidosis -- deposits of a substance
called amyloid in the kidney
 Sjogren syndrome, and
 Myeloma.

14. What Causes Polyuria?

15. Other conditions that lead to Polyuria
In the absence of diabetes
mellitus, the most common
causes are excessive
secretion of aldosterone due
to adrenal cortical
tumor, primary polydipsia
(excessive
fluid drinking), central
diabetes
insipidus and nephrogenic
diabetes insipidus. Polyuria
may also be due to various
chemical substances, such
as diuretics, caffeine,
and ethanol.