This ppt would help you to learn the importance of early childhood development from 0-5 years, observe and track a child's milestones and pinpoint potential developmental concerns.

1. Important Developmental Milestones
From 0- 5 Years
Wei Hee, Developmental Psychologist

2. GROWTH is the increase in a
child’s physical size.
DEVELOPMENT is how
children progress in different
ways.

3. Areas of development
Development of friendships and learning social skills such as taking turns when
playing with toys, and ways to express and deal with their feelings
01. Social & Emotional Development
Development of the mind for thinking, using memory, learning and problem-solving
02. Cognitive Development
Development of the body – gross motor skills and fine motor skills
03. Movement/ Physical Development
04. Language and Communication Development
Development of speech and communication skills

4. The areas of development
are split into following
age ranges :
• Birth up to 12 months
• 12 months to 18 months
• 2 years up to 3 years
• 3 years up to 4 years
• 4 years up to 5 years

5. Newborn - 2 Months
Social & Emotional
• Begin to smile at people
• Can briefly calm himself
( may bring hands to
mouth and suck on hand)
• Try to look at parent
Cognitive
• Pay attention and gaze at human
faces
• Begin to follow things with eyes and
recognize people at a distance
• Begin to act bored ( cries, fuss) if
activity doesn’t change)
• May ‘freeze’ for a moment if they
hear a particular sound, noticing
when it starts and stops
Movement / Physical
• Sucking, rooting, startle,
grasping, stepping reflex
• Can hold head up and begins to
push up when lying on tummy
• Make smoother movement with
arms and legs
• Can open their hands to grasp a
finger

6. Act early by talking to your child’s
doctor if your child:
• Doesn’t respond to loud sounds
• Doesn’t watch things as they move
• Doesn’t smile at people
• Doesn’t bring hands to mouth
• Can’t hold head up when pushing up when
on tummy

7. 3 – 4 Months
Social & Emotional
• Smile spontaneously
especially at people
• Like to play with people and
might cry when playing stops
• Copy some movement and
facial expressions, like
smiling or frowning
Cognitive
• Respond to affections
• Reach for toy with one hand,
or use both hands and eyes
together
• Follow moving things with
eyes from side to side
Movement / Physical
• Hold head steady without
support
• Push down on legs when feet
are on a hard surface
• May be able to roll over from
tummy to back
• Hold a toy and shake it and
swing at dangling toys

8. Act early by talking to your child’s
doctor if your child:
• Doesn’t watch things as they move
• Doesn’t smile at people
• Can’t hold head steady
• Doesn’t coo or make sounds
• Doesn’t bring things to mouth
• Doesn’t push down with legs when feet are placed on
a hard surface
• Has trouble moving one or both eyes in all directions

9. 5-6 Months
Social & Emotional
• Know familiar faces and begins
to shoe wariness of strangers
• Like to play with others,
especially parents
• Recognize and responds to
others’ emotions
• Like to look at self in a mirror
Cognitive
• Look around at things nearby
• Show curiosity about things and try
to get things that are out of reach
• Pass things from one hand to the
other
• Explore objects by putting them in
their mouth
• Recognize voices
Movement / Physical
• Roll over in both directions
(front to back, back to front)
• Begin to sit without support
• When standing, support
weight on legs and might
bounce
• Rock back and forth

10. Act early by talking to your child’s
doctor if your child:
• Doesn’t try to get things that are in reach
• Shows no affection for caregivers
• Doesn’t respond to sounds around him
• Has difficulty getting things to mouth
• Doesn’t roll over in either direction
• Doesn’t laugh or make squealing sounds
• Seems very stiff, with tight muscles
• Seems very floppy, like a rag doll

11. 7-9 Months
Social & Emotional Cognitive Movement / Physical
• May be afraid of strangers
• Start to form specific
attachments with people
• Has favorite toys
• Play peek-a boo
• Put things in mouth
• Move things smoothly from
one hand to the other
• Can look for dropped objects
and objects that they see
being hidden
• Usually mobile by crawling or
rolling
• Sit without support
• Pull to stand
• Can walk by holding on to
furniture
• Can use a pincer grip (thumb
and index finger) to grasp
object

12. Act early by talking to your child’s
doctor if your child:
•Doesn’t bear weight on legs with support
•Doesn’t sit with help
•Doesn’t babble (“mama”, “baba”, “dada”)
•Doesn’t play any games involving back-and-forth play
•Doesn’t respond to own name
•Doesn’t seem to recognize familiar people
•Doesn’t look where you point
•Doesn’t transfer toys from one hand to the other

13. 10-12 Months
Social & Emotional Cognitive Movement / Physical
• Develop specific
attachments
• Imitate actions of others,
such as clapping
• Experience anxiety when
separated from their
primary carer(s)
• Enjoy throwing things to the
ground and watching them drop
• Learn by trying things out and
repeating if successful. This
approach to learning is called ‘trial
and error’
• Follow simple instructions like
‘pick up the toy’
• Can pull to stand, stand alone
• Can walk while holding to furniture,
or walk without support
• Use pincer grasp to pick up small
object
• Can point using index finger

14. Act early by talking to your child’s
doctor if your child:
•Doesn’t crawl
•Can’t stand when supported
•Doesn’t search for things that he sees you hide
•Doesn’t say single words like “mama” or “dada”
•Doesn’t learn gestures like waving or shaking head
•Doesn’t point to things
•Loses skills he once had

15. 12-18 Months
Social & Emotional Cognitive Movement / Physical
• Emotionally dependent on
parents
• Play alone but enjoy being near
adults or siblings
• Insist on immediate attention
• Can copy adult actions
• Are alternately clingy with their
parents/key persons and
resistant to them
• Explore objects by using sight and
sound, through looking and listening
carefully
• Start to understand the names of
different items, especially ordinary
things like brush, spoon
• Point to get attention of others
• Show interest at pretend play
• Remember where things belong
• Crawl upstairs & kneel without support
• Walk unaided or walk upstairs with help
• Squat to pick up toys
• Run but unable to avoid obstacles
• Pincer grasp is precise
• Use palmer grasp to hold crayons &
scribble
• Can build tower of three or more bricks
• Can feed themselves with spoon

16. Act early by talking to your child’s
doctor if your child:
•Doesn’t point to show things to others
•Can’t walk
•Doesn’t know what familiar things are for
•Doesn’t copy others
•Doesn’t gain new words
•Doesn’t have at least 6 words
•Doesn’t notice or mind when a caregiver leaves or returns
•Loses skills he once had

17. 2 Years
Social & Emotional Cognitive Movement / Physical
• Unable to wait for needs to be met
• May be distracted from tantrums
• Play in parallel with other children but
are unable to share toys
• Play alongside other children and
engage in onlooker play
• Jealous of other children getting
attention
• Respond well to adult attention & praise
• Have tantrums when frustrated
• Recognize themselves in mirrors or
photographs
• Can remember past experiences
• Complete simple puzzles with help
• Play simple make-believe games
• Complete sentences and rhymes in
familiar books
• Begin to sort shapes and colors
• Follow two-step instructions
• Name items in a picture book
• Run, climb on furniture, kick a large ball
• Can use sit-and ride toys, push-and-pull
wheeled toys
• Can jump with two feet together from a
low step
• Put on shoes and fasten Velcro
• Drink from cup / feed themselves with
spoon
• Show hand preference
• Develop primitive Tripod Grip

18. Act early by talking to your child’s
doctor if your child:
•Doesn’t use 2-word phrases (for example, “drink milk”)
•Doesn’t know what to do with common things, like a
brush, phone, fork, spoon
•Doesn’t copy actions and words
•Doesn’t follow simple instructions
•Doesn’t walk steadily
•Loses skills he once had

19. 3 Years
Social & Emotional Cognitive Movement / Physical
• Find it easier to wait and take turns
• Start to take turns and share
• Enjoy being with other children
• Will comfort another child or show
affection for friends without prompting
• Will help adults
• Show wide range of emotions
• Separate easily from parents
• May get upset with major changes in
routine
• Understand the difference between
past and present
• Can complete simple puzzles (3-4
pieces)
• Pretend play with dolls, animals and
people
• Understand simple math like what
‘two’ means
• Run forward and backward
• Steer a tricycle
• Walk upstairs with alternate feet
• Throw and catch a large ball
• Use tripod grip
• Have established hand preference for
most tasks
• Turn book pages one at a time
• Screw and unscrews jar lids or turns door
handle

20. Act early by talking to your child’s
doctor if your child:
•Falls down a lot or has trouble with stairs
•Drools or has very unclear speech
•Can’t work simple toys (such as peg boards, simple puzzles
, turning handle)
•Doesn’t speak in sentences
•Doesn’t understand simple instructions
•Doesn’t play pretend or make-believe
•Doesn’t want to play with other children or with toys
•Doesn’t make eye contact
•Loses skills he once had

21. 4 Years
Social & Emotional Cognitive Movement / Physical
• Can cope with separation from primary
carer if with someone they know
• Begin to play co-operatively
• Show clear preferences with friendships
• Would rather play with other children
than by themselves
• Talk about what they likes and what
they are interested in
• Enjoy doing new things
• Can recognize and name primary
colors
• Understand what is meant by ‘more’
• Can tell whether an object is heavy
or light
• Can arrange objects into categories
• Can make connections between
people and events
• Understand ‘same’ and ‘different’
• Hop on one foot
• Walk along a line
• Ride a tricycle using pedals
• Button and unbutton clothes
• Use scissors to cut out simple shapes
• Draw a person with a head, trunk & legs
• Eat with a knife and fork
• Thread beads to make a necklace

22. Act early by talking to your child’s
doctor if your child:
•Can’t jump in place
•Has trouble scribbling
•Shows no interest in interactive games or make-believe
•Ignores other children or doesn’t respond to people outside t
he family
•Resists dressing, sleeping, and using the toilet
•Can’t retell a favorite story
•Doesn’t follow 3-part commands
•Doesn’t understand “same” and “different”
•Speaks unclearly
•Loses skills he once had

23. 5 Years
Social & Emotional Cognitive Movement / Physical
• Can work out what other people may be
thinking ( which helps them negotiate
with others)
• Able to understand the need for rules
• Can develop close friendships
• Behavior is mostly co-operative
• Want to please friends and to be like by
them
• Aware of gender
• Can count accurately up to 10
• Add 2 sets of objects together (add
2 apples and 2 apples, get 4 apples)
• Name the time of day associated
with activities
• Give reasons to solve problems
• Draw a person with at least 6 body
parts
• Know about things used every day
• Run and avoid obstacles
• Have good balance and co-ordination
• Start to ride a bike
• Can form letters
• Write own name
• Color in pictures
• Thread small beads
• Swing and climb

24. Act early by talking to your child’s
doctor if your child:
•Doesn’t show a wide range of emotions
•Shows extreme behavior (unusually fearful, aggressive, s
hy or sad)
•Unusually withdrawn and not active
•Is easily distracted, has trouble focusing on one activity
for more than 5 minutes
•Doesn’t respond to people, or responds only superficially
•Can’t tell what’s real and what’s make-believe

25. Act early by talking to your child’s
doctor if your child:
•Doesn’t play a variety of games and activities
•Can’t give first and last name
•Doesn’t use plurals or past tense properly
•Doesn’t talk about daily activities or experiences
•Doesn’t draw pictures
•Can’t brush teeth, wash and dry hands, or get undressed
without help
•Loses skills he once had

26. Atypical
Development

27. The child’s development in one
or more areas of development
is not following the normal
milestones at expected times:
this may mean they are ahead
or behind

28. Global
Developmental
Delay

29. The child is not meeting
expected milestones across all
of the areas of development

30. Learn the Signs.
Take action as soon as
possible
Talk to professionals to
assess and seek advice

31. Q&A

32. Thank You