Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale is an individually administered test that examines the cognitive ability of children and adults falling the age-range of 2 to 85+ years. It examines children with intellectual and developmental deficiencies as well as intellectually gifted individuals. This test originated from The Binet-Simon Scale (1905) and had undergone five major revisions. This presentation gives an overview of all five of them with most emphasis on the fifth edition by Roid (2003).
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale is an individually administered test that examines the cognitive ability of children and adults falling the age-range of 2 to 85+ years. It examines children with intellectual and developmental deficiencies as well as intellectually gifted individuals. This test originated from The Binet-Simon Scale (1905) and had undergone five major revisions. This presentation gives an overview of all five of them with most emphasis on the fifth edition by Roid (2003).
The Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT) was conceived by Raymond B. Cattell in 1920s. It is a nonverbal instrument to measure your analytical and reasoning ability in the abstract and novel situations. The test includes mazes, classifications, conditions and series. Such problems are believed to be common with all cultures. That’s the reason that the testing industry claims it free from all cultural influences.
Please let me know if you are interested to purchase CFIT.
Looking for customized in-house training sessions that fit your needs, particularly in the Philippines? Please send me an email at clarencegapostol@gmail.com or WhatsApp +971507678124. When your request is received I will follow up with you as soon as possible.Thank you!
American psychologist Henry Murray developed a theory of personality that was organized in terms of motives, and needs. Murray described a need as a potentiality or readiness to respond in a certain way under certain given circumstances.
Theories of personality based upon needs and motives suggest that our personalities are a reflection of behaviors controlled by needs.
Racism, sexism, social categorisation, discrimation, stereotyping etc. are all the terms associated with PREJUDICE that create stigma and divides the world into "us v/s them" category.
The Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CFIT) was conceived by Raymond B. Cattell in 1920s. It is a nonverbal instrument to measure your analytical and reasoning ability in the abstract and novel situations. The test includes mazes, classifications, conditions and series. Such problems are believed to be common with all cultures. That’s the reason that the testing industry claims it free from all cultural influences.
Please let me know if you are interested to purchase CFIT.
Looking for customized in-house training sessions that fit your needs, particularly in the Philippines? Please send me an email at clarencegapostol@gmail.com or WhatsApp +971507678124. When your request is received I will follow up with you as soon as possible.Thank you!
American psychologist Henry Murray developed a theory of personality that was organized in terms of motives, and needs. Murray described a need as a potentiality or readiness to respond in a certain way under certain given circumstances.
Theories of personality based upon needs and motives suggest that our personalities are a reflection of behaviors controlled by needs.
Racism, sexism, social categorisation, discrimation, stereotyping etc. are all the terms associated with PREJUDICE that create stigma and divides the world into "us v/s them" category.
I created this to ultimately present to my Child Life department at the hospital I work at in order to raise awareness of the importance of peer support to the sick and hospitalized adolescent. Perhaps there will be further development of this type of program where I work. Hope you enjoy!
Second ppt of adolescence development. This power-point will brings you scope of adolescent. There are 6 aspects of adolescence development: physics, emotions, personal, cognitive, psychosocial, moral and value.
The Development of the Self - Fundamentals of Psychology 2 - Lecture 4Simon Bignell
The Development of the Self - Fundamentals of Psychology 2 - Lecture 4.
The views expressed in this presentation are those of the individual Simon Bignell and not University of Derby.
A presentation prepared for the Psycholinguistics class at the Instituto Superior de Lenguas, National University of Asunción. August 2008, Professor Teresita Andrada.
Cognition & Development: Conceptualisations of Self and IdentitySimon Bignell
Week 7 Lecture in the module 'Cognition & Development'. Conceptualisations of Self and Identity.
Learning Outcomes: Define the concept of self and identity.
Identify key milestones in the development of self.
Outline theories of identity development.
How does the development of self-awareness and self-esteem factor .docxwellesleyterresa
How does the development of self-awareness and self-esteem factor into the development of social problem solving skills? Based on what you’ve learned, does the media (social, video games, music, movies, etc.) help or hurt the development of social problem solving skills? Please give examples to support your claim.
I have a challenge for you. Can you find an example, online, of a child, (any stage of development), showing positive social problem solving skills and an example with poor or no social problem solving skills? Start your search locally. If you can't find anything, broaden your search to state and national news. If you still can't find anything you may use social media. Please post the results of your search. If you found something, post the link/s, a summary of what you found, and your thoughts about it.
READING
CHFD215 | LESSON 7
Social Understanding, Peers, Media, and Schooling
This week addresses the development of social cognition, or how children come to understand their multifaceted social world. We will also learn about the importance of peer relations, television, computers, and schooling in child development.
Topics to be covered include:
· Stages in Social Understanding.
· Impact of Peer Relations, Media, and Schooling in Child Development
Development of Self-Awareness and Self-Concept
How do children come to understand their multidimensional social world? How do they think about and interpret their experiences with others? These questions address the concept of social cognition, thinking about characteristics of the self and other people. The first step in this development is self-awareness.
You may wonder when babies begin to recognize the concept of self. The development of self-awareness occurs in stages, with the first stage commencing at birth.
As language takes more of a role in the toddler’s interactions, self-awareness increases, as the toddler is now able to express the self in a more defined manner. Between 18 and 30 months, children begin to classify themselves and others on the basis of perceptually distinct attributes and behaviors, such as age, gender, size, and temperament. This is known as the categorical self. The remembered self encompasses a bigger picture as children rely on autobiographical memories to view themselves as continuously existing individuals. This type of awareness grows out of conversations and interactions with adults who can elaborate on past experiences. Finally, the concept of the enduring self is developed as preschoolers begin to discuss future events and begin to view themselves as persisting over time.
SELF-AWARENESS
· NEWBORNS
· INFANTS
· TODDLERS
You may recall that newborns have the capacity for intermodal perception, or making sense of light, sound, tactile, odor, and taste information. As babies touch their toes, watch their arms move, and hear themselves cry, they begin to differentiate their own bodies from their surroundings. After feeling a particular object with their ...
CHFD215 LESSON 7Social Understanding, Peers, Media, and Sc.docxjeffsrosalyn
CHFD215 | LESSON 7
Social Understanding, Peers, Media, and Schooling
This week addresses the development of social cognition, or how children come to understand their multifaceted social world. We will also learn about the importance of peer relations, television, computers, and schooling in child development.
Topics to be covered include:
Stages in Social Understanding.
Impact of Peer Relations, Media, and Schooling in Child Development
Development of Self-Awareness and Self-Concept
How do children come to understand their multidimensional social world? How do they think about and interpret their experiences with others? These questions address the concept of social cognition, thinking about characteristics of the self and other people. The first step in this development is self-awareness.
You may wonder when babies begin to recognize the concept of self. The development of self-awareness occurs in stages, with the first stage commencing at birth.
As language takes more of a role in the toddler’s interactions, self-awareness increases, as the toddler is now able to express the self in a more defined manner. Between 18 and 30 months, children begin to classify themselves and others on the basis of perceptually distinct attributes and behaviors, such as age, gender, size, and temperament. This is known as the categorical self. The remembered self encompasses a bigger picture as children rely on autobiographical memories to view themselves as continuously existing individuals. This type of awareness grows out of conversations and interactions with adults who can elaborate on past experiences. Finally, the concept of the enduring self is developed as preschoolers begin to discuss future events and begin to view themselves as persisting over time.
SELF-AWARENESS
NEWBORNS
INFANTS
TODDLERS
You may recall that newborns have the capacity for intermodal perception, or making sense of light, sound, tactile, odor, and taste information. As babies touch their toes, watch their arms move, and hear themselves cry, they begin to differentiate their own bodies from their surroundings. After feeling a particular object with their hands, they are able to visually distinguish it from other objects.
Theory of Mind Development
You may recall that, as children think about themselves and others, they form a naïve theory of mind, which is a coherent understanding of their own and others’ vivid mental lives. In other words, they are aware that people have personal thoughts. This contributes to their ability to consider the perspective of others, as they understand that someone else may not be thinking the same thoughts as them.
By the time children have reached the age of three, children begin to realize the connections among perceiving, feeling, and desiring.
Factors influencing theory of mind include language and verbal reasoning, executive function, parent-child conversations about mental states, make-believe play, and social interaction wit ...
PsychologistsTheories Studies Research Methods H.docxbfingarjcmc
Psychologists
Theories
Studies
Research Methods
Home
›
Developmental Psychology
›
Erik Erikson
Erik Erikson
by
Saul McLeod
published
2008
, updated
2013
Erik Erikson (1950, 1963) proposed a psychoanalytic theory of psychosocial development comprising eight stages from infancy to adulthood. During each stage, the person experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome for personality development.
Erikson's ideas were greatly influenced by Freud, going along with Freud’s (1923) theory regarding the structure and topography of personality. However, whereas
Freud
was an id psychologist, Erikson was an ego psychologist. He emphasized the role of culture and society and the conflicts that can take place within the ego itself, whereas Freud emphasized the conflict between the
id and the superego
.
According to Erikson, the ego develops as it successfully resolves crises that are distinctly social in nature. These involve establishing a sense of trust in others, developing a sense of identity in society, and helping the next generation prepare for the future.
Erikson extends on Freudian thoughts by focusing on the adaptive and creative characteristic of the ego, and expanding the notion of the stages of
personality development
to include the entire lifespan.
Like Freud and many others, Erik Erikson maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order, and builds upon each previous stage. This is called the epigenic principle.
The outcome of this 'maturation timetable' is a wide and integrated set of life skills and abilities that function together within the autonomous individual. However, instead of focusing on sexual development (like Freud), he was interested in how children socialize and how this affects their sense of
self
.
Psychosocial Stages
Erikson’s (1959) theory of psychosocial development has eight distinct stages, taking in five stages up to the age of 18 years and three further stages beyond, well into adulthood. Erikson suggests that there is still plenty of room for continued growth and development throughout one’s life. Erikson puts a great deal of emphasis on the adolescent period, feeling it was a crucial stage for developing a person’s identity.
Like Freud, Erikson assumes that a crisis occurs at each stage of development. For Erikson (1963), these crises are of a psychosocial nature because they involve psychological needs of the individual (i.e. psycho) conflicting with the needs of society (i.e. social).
According to the theory, successful completion of each stage results in a healthy personality and the acquisition of basic virtues. Basic virtues are characteristic strengths which the ego can use to resolve subsequent crises.
Failure to successfully complete a stage can result in a reduced ability to complete further stages and therefore a more unhealthy personality and sense of self. These stages, however, can be resolved successfully at a later.
Describe the characteristics of the main or central research questLinaCovington707
Describe the characteristics of the main or central research question in a qualitative study.
One of the characteristics of a qualitative research question focuses on a one-one-one interviews to understand the perspective of the underlying inquiry. A qualitative research question is based on being able to discover problems and opportunities from the perspective of the research respondents. Qualitative research question are open-ended in nature, which means that they are able to respond to questions without limitations. Besides, they are easily understood by respondents and do not need to clarify (Creswell & Poth, 2016).
State your proposed qualitative research question.
What is the experience of young, under the age of 25, entry level woman who are highly motivated to help with on an organization performance?
Describe the characteristics of the qualitative interview and the types of questions used in a qualitative interview.
Characteristics of qualitative research include data collection from the natural setting. The researcher takes an active role in collection of data from the participant’s right from their natural setting. The researcher collects data based on awareness of the underlying business context. The researchers must practice patience throughout the interview period. The researchers must be empathetic and can use multiple methods to collect data. The researchers design and develop the process, which means the process is not static and is subject to evolution over time. The researcher must also collaborate with the participants and maintain ethics throughout the process (Creswell & Poth, 2016).
Types of qualitative research questions include exploratory which seeks to understand something without influencing the results with preconceived notions. Another type of question is the predictive questions which seek to understand the outcome surrounding a topic. Interpretive questions that gathers feedback on a certain phenomenon without influencing the outcome.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications.
Learning Objectives
After completing this chapter, you should be able to:
Understand how kinds of temperament are associated with principles of reciprocal relationships and
goodness of �it.
Outline Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development.
Articulate and evaluate the theoretical ideas of Marcia and Levinson.
Compare and contrast trait and type theories and how they each assess personality.
Outline the evidence for the emergence of self-awareness and summarize demographic differences in
self-esteem.
De�ine ethnic identity and understand how it in�luences identity development.
11Personality, the Self, and MoralDevelopment
iStock/Thinkstock
Distinguish among behaviors that are indicative of different stages of moral development.
Prologue
Try for a moment to describe a person without referring to physical characteristics. Words s ...
Similar to Development of self and social cognition (20)
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2. The Self
Bandura – the set of cognitive processes and
structures that are concerned with thoughts and
perception
(Schultz, 2001)
the combination of physical and psychological
attributes that is unique to each individual
(Shaffer, 2005)
3. The Self-Concept
the perception one has of their unique
combination of attributes
(Shaffer, 2005)
self-concept is developed through communicating
to others.
it is characterized by social relationships we have
with people in our surrounding environment. We
develop our opinions about ourselves by
observing the ways other respond to and
communicate with us.
(Luke, 2012)
4. The Emerging Self
The point at which the sense of self emerges or
comes to the fore front in childhood
emerges in the early years of life and continues to
develop into adulthood
Unclear as to when children become aware of
themselves
Most research has found that this starts around
the age of 2-3 months
5. Self Recognition
ability to recognise oneself in a mirror or a
photograph, coupled with the conscious
awareness that the mirror or photograph is a
representative of the self
Rouge Test
(Shaffer, 2005)
7. Theory of mind: proposed to explain this acquisition
process and development
It is construed as the “…understanding that people are
cognitive beings with rich mental lives that are available
to themselves and not to others” (p. 466, Shaffer, 1996).
9. The term self-concept is a general term used to refer to
how someone thinks about or perceives themselves.
The self helps us determine how we process information
related to the self (e.g., the motives behind our
behavior).
The looking-glass self is a social psychological concept,
created by Charles Horton Cooley in 1902 ,stating that a
person's self grows out of society's interpersonal
interactions and the perceptions of others.
10. Baumeister (1999) provides the following self concept
definition: "the individual's belief about himself or herself,
including the person's attributes and who and what the
self is".
Lewis (1990) suggests that development of a concept of
self has two aspects: -
(1) The Existential Self
(2) The Categorical Self
11. Children in middle childhood are struggling to understand
who they are, and continue to explore answers to the
question “Who am I?”
12. Children increase in the development of perspective
taking.
Between ages 8 and 15, children start to depend more on
peers for feedback. However, parents continue to remain
influential
13. During middle childhood, children begin to view
themselves less in terms of external physical attributes
and more in terms of psychological traits.
Children realize they are good at some things and not so
good at others.
Their self-concepts become divided into personal and
academic spheres…
14. As children get older, their views of self become more
differentiated.
15. DEVELOPMENT OF SELF
UNDERSTANDING
Changes in self esteem and self concept due to
Social Comparisons
Social Comparisons: judging one’s appearance,
abilities, and behavior in relation to those of others.
16. Children use SOCIAL COMPARISON, comparing
themselves to the abilities, expertise, and opinions of
others.
Festinger proposed that when objective measures are
absent, people rely on social reality to evaluate
themselves (understanding that comes from studying
how others act, think, feel, and view the world).
Children look to others who are similar to themselves.
17. Children increasingly compare themselves to
others.
Children are developing their own internal
standards.
Self-esteem, for most children, increases during
middle childhood.
18. Therefore children begin to compare themselves to others
by their
age
sports
academics
physical attributes
19. Sometimes children make downward social comparisons
with others who are obviously less competent or
successful to raise or protect their self-esteem.
Downward social comparisons involve comparing
ourselves to someone who is in a worse state than us,
thereby raising our self-esteem (e.g., finding someone
with a worse test grade than yours)
20. Erikson’s Industry vs. Inferiority
According to Erikson, a combination of adult
expectations and children’s drive towards mastery
creates the crisis in this stage.
Formal schooling and socialization. Children are
learning roles and talents.
22. Success in this stage is evidenced by feelings of mastery,
proficiency, and confidence.
Children evaluate themselves in terms of physical and
psychological characteristics, but they also think of
themselves as being good or bad (involves emotions).
23. Adolescence Self Concept
Adolescents mention attitudes, personality traits,
religious/political beliefs, variation with context, and
an orientation to the future..
Adolescents use hypothetical reasoning to experiment
with different selves
Adolescence is characterized by self-absorption,
imaginary audience, personal fable, and illusion of
invulnerability.
24. In adolescence, the self is defined by abstract
characteristics, social competence, and social
acceptance
Adolescents can conceive of themselves in terms of a
variety of selves, depending on the context
With friends, siblings, parents, etc…
Adolescents create a variety of selves in their search for
identity
25. The adolescent thinker is more capable of complex
thought, as previously discussed, but they experience the
return of egocentrism.
Adolescents experience cognitive distortions that effect
the way adolescents see the world.
Imaginary audience
Personal fable
Illusions of invulnerability
27. Erikson’s Identity vs. Identity Confusion – the period
during which teenagers seek to determine what is unique
and distinctive about themselves
Adolescents increasingly rely on their friends and peers
as sources of information about their identity.
30. Self Esteem
Self Esteem is used to describe a person's overall sense of self-
worth or personal value. It may involve a variety of beliefs about
the self, such as the appraisal of one's own appearance,
beliefs, emotions and behaviours. (Braden, 1969).
Positive links between healthy self-esteem including:
happiness, humility, resilience and optimism.
Low self-esteem is related to stress, depression anxiety and
eating disorders.
31. Is self-esteem stable overtime?
Changes is seen in Self-Esteem
Some children experience a decline into middle and high
school
Multiple stressors likely to contribute to declines
Overall stability is lowest in childhood and early
adolescence
Relatively stable in late adolescence and early adulthood
32. Culture, Ethnicity and Self Esteem
Most research and theory on self-concept and self-esteem are based
on Western cultures and populations.
Self-esteem in Individualistic Cultures (US) is more likely to be based
on the achievement of personal goals, whereas in the Collective
Cultures (Asia, China) self-esteem is derived from the achievement
of collective goals, such as those of family or society. Harry Triandis
(1989).
Hazel Markus and Shinobu Kitayama (1991) propose a similar
distinction between Western and Eastern cultures in their
33. Parental and Peer Influence
The family is seen as the first medium of socialization.
Most common negative impacts on self esteem are the verbal abuse
children receive.
Parental modelling is an important as any words that can be spoken.
Positive modelling behaviours and positive self-talk.
Children adapt the behaviours attitudes, precepts and self talk we instil in
them.
“Many experienced parents have noted, children won’t always do as you
say but usually do as you do” (Manassis 1996).
34. Establishing Positive Self-Esteem
Establishing Positive Self-Esteem begins with parents.
Look after yourself physically;
Accept your imperfections (low self-esteem can lead to eating
disorders)
Slow down personalizing
Develop skills.
Do things for pleasure, for fun
Use rewards, but avoid punishments
Cultivate good relationships - with yourself and others
Appreciate your body.