Child and Adolescent Development

1. PSYCHOANALYTIC
THEORY
BY: SIGMUND FREUD

2. OVERVIEW OF PSYCHOANALYSIS
• MAY 6, 1856 – SIGMUND FREUD WAS BORN IN
• FREYBERG TOWN, CRECH REPUBLIC
• 1881 – HE GRADUATED FROM MEDICAL FACULTY,
• UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA
• 1896 – SIGMUND FREUD WAS OFFICIALLY
RECOGNIZED
• 1900 – HE RELEASED ‘INTERPRETATION OF
DREAMS’
• SEPTEMBER 23, 1939 –FREUD PASSED AWAY IN
HAMPSTEAD HOUSE

3. OVERVIEW OF PSYCHOANALYSIS
 A set of philosophical of human nature
 Psychoanalysis is both an approach to therapy and a
theory of personality
 Emphasizes unconscious motivation – the main
cause of behavior lie in unconscious mind

4. VIEW OF HUMAN NATURE
1.DETERMINISTIC
• Life is about gaining pleasure and avoiding pain
2. HUMAN AS ENERGY SYSTEM
• Freud believe that human are motivated by the
unconscious, where the Id is found along with the
aggression and sex instincts

5. PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES
• Children progress through SIX psychosexual stages
during psychosexual development
• A person become ‘FIXATED’ or stuck in a stage when a
basic need is not met, therefore that person will face
difficulty in transiting to another stage

6. PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES
 ORAL STAGE
 ANALSTAGE
 PHALLICSTAGE
 LATENCY STAGE
 GENITAL STAGE

7. ORAL STAGE
The first stage of development where libido
is centered in a baby’s mouth. It gets much
satisfaction from putting all sort of things in
its mouth to satisfy libido, and thus
demands. At this stage in life are oral, or
mouth oriented, such as sucking, biting,
and breast-feeding.
(birth to 18 months)

8. ORAL STAGE
Too much or to little satisfaction can lead to
an Oral Fixation activities. This type of
personality may be oral receptive, that is,
have a stronger tendency to smoke, drink
alcohol, overeat, or oral aggressive. As a
result these person may lack of self
confidence. On the other hand, the y may
also fight these tendencies and become
pessimistic and aggressive in relating with
people

9. ANAL STAGE
The libido now becomes focused on the
anus and the child derives great pleasure
from defecating. The child is now fully
aware that they are a person in their own
right and that their wishes can bring them
into conflict with the demands of the outside
world.
(18 months to 3 years)

10. ANAL STAGE
Child favorite word might be “No!”. There
fore a struggle might exist in the toilet
training. Fixation during this stage can result
in being anal retentive, an obsession with
cleanliness, perfection, and control; anal
expulsive where the person may become
messy and disorganized.

11. PHALIC STAGE
It's during the stage that sexual urges
remain repressed. The children’s focus is
the acquisition of physical and academic
skills. Boys usually relate more with boys
and girls during this stage
(ages 6 to puberty)

12. PHALIC STAGE
Freud studies led him to believed that
during this stage boys develop unconscious
desire for their mother and consider their
father as rival for her mother affection.
The feelings comprise what Freud called
Oedipus Complex (Oedipus unintentionally
killed his father and married his mother).
Psychoanalysts also believed that girls may
also have similar experience toward their
father, referred to as the Electra Complex.

13. PHALIC STAGE
A fixation at this stage could result in sexual
deviancies (both overindulging and
avoidance) and weak with girls during this
stage.

14. GENITAL STAGE
The fifth stage of psychosexual
development begins at the start of puberty
when sexual urges are once again
awakened. In the earlier stages, adolescent
focus their sexual urges towards the
opposite sex peers, with the pleasure
centered on the genitals
(puberty onward)

15. STRUCTURE OF PERSONALITY
Frued described the personality
structure as having three components,
the ID, the EGO and the SUPEREGO.
For each person, the first to emerge is
the id, followed by the ego, and last to
develop is the superego.
ID SUPEREGO
EGO
One’s
Personal
ity

16. Id
 Infants are born with Id intact
 Operates on PLEASURE PRINCIPLE to gain pleasure,
avoid pain.
 Nothing else matters to the id except the satisfaction of
its own needs. It is not oriented toward considering the
reality nor the needs of others.

17. Ego
• The rational level of personality
• Operates on REALITY PRINCIPLES does realistic and
logical thinking
• The balance between Id and Superego

18. Superego
Partially unconscious
Operates on MORAL PRINCIPLES
Able to differentiate between good and bad, right and
wrong
If people follow their superego, they will feel proud
but if they don’t follow, they will feel guilty and
anxious

19. Example:
 I want to eat
chocolate!
 Eats a small
bar of
chocolate
 I am on a
super diet!
ID
EGO
SUPEREGO

20. Topographical Model
 The unconscious. Frued said that most what we go
through in our lives, emotion, beliefs, feelings, and
impulses deep within are not available to us at a
conscious level. He believed that most of what influence
us is our unconscious.
(E.g. Slip of tongue, dreams, wishes)

21. Topographical Model
 The Conscious. Frued said that all we are aware of is
stored in our conscious mind. Comprises a very small part
of who we are.
 The Subconscious. Frued said that most what we go
through in our lives, emotion, beliefs, feelings, and
impulses deep within are not available to us at a
conscious level. He believed that most of what influence
us is our unconscious.

22. Conscious
Nonconscious
Preconscious
Superego
Ego*
Unconscious
Id
*Note: Ego is free floating
in all three level
Frued’s Conception of the Human Psyche
(The Iceberge Metaphor)