International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- Study of Various Passive Drag Reduction Techniques on External Vehicle...IRJET Journal
This document discusses various passive drag reduction techniques that can be used to improve vehicle aerodynamic performance through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. It classifies techniques such as rear tail flaps, ground effect modifications, diffusers, vortex generators, front bonnet ducts, rear spoilers, and rear fairings. The document provides examples of each technique and references studies showing how they can reduce drag coefficients and improve fuel efficiency when applied to vehicle models in CFD simulations.
IRJET- Passing Opportunity Model of Vehicles on Two Lane Undivided Highways u...IRJET Journal
The document presents a study on developing a passing opportunity model for vehicles on two-lane undivided highways under mixed traffic conditions. Data was collected through a moving car method and video recording on two highway sections. The study analyzed factors such as traffic density, opposing gap, speed of overtaking/overtaken/opposing vehicles, and type of opposing vehicle. A logit model was developed using binary logistic regression, showing that passing opportunity depends on density in the opposite direction, type and speed of opposing vehicle, opposing gap, and speed of the overtaking vehicle. The model had high accuracy in predicting drivers' passing decisions.
Two design methods were used to quantify the improvements of using geotextiles in pavements. In this study, a comprehensive life cycle cost analysis framework was developed and used to quantify the initial and the future cost of 25 representative low volume road design alternatives. A 50 year analysis cycle was used to compute the cost-effectiveness ratio when geotextiled is used for the design methods. The effects of three flexible pavement design parameters were evaluated; and their impact on the results was investigated.
This document summarizes a study analyzing the impact of encroachment on traffic characteristics and level of service of urban roads in Ahmedabad, India. Observations were made on Chanakyapuri Road during peak hours with and without encroachment. Encroachment factors like vendors, parking, and pedestrians were found to reduce vehicular speeds. An Encroachment Index was developed to quantify the combined impact of different encroachment elements. Speed-density curves showed reductions in speed for higher encroachment levels and different traffic volumes. Threshold speeds were suggested for determining different levels of service. The results help inform policies to restrict roadside encroachment and improve urban road capacity and safety.
The document summarizes a study on rehabilitating an 8 km section of the Altaji-Baghdad highway in Iraq. Laboratory and field testing was conducted to determine the existing pavement conditions and traffic volumes. Various types of failures like rutting, cracking, and potholes were found. An equivalent single axle load was calculated based on traffic data and used to determine the required overlay thickness according to the Asphalt Institute Manual. The recommended rehabilitation plan involves scraping and cleaning rutted areas, constructing 50mm and 55mm asphalt layers, and a 10-15cm subbase layer to increase the highway's service life and capacity.
This document summarizes a study that assessed turning restrictions for vehicles at intersections along an arterial road in Dhaka, Bangladesh called Mirpur Road. Traffic congestion is a major problem on this road due to the high number of intersections and right-turning vehicles. The study used traffic simulation software to model Mirpur Road and analyze how changing signal timing and turning restrictions could improve traffic flow. Data was collected through surveys at 12 locations along the road during peak times. The simulation results showed that restricting right turns and allowing U-turns between intersections could help reduce congestion.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET- Study of Various Passive Drag Reduction Techniques on External Vehicle...IRJET Journal
This document discusses various passive drag reduction techniques that can be used to improve vehicle aerodynamic performance through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. It classifies techniques such as rear tail flaps, ground effect modifications, diffusers, vortex generators, front bonnet ducts, rear spoilers, and rear fairings. The document provides examples of each technique and references studies showing how they can reduce drag coefficients and improve fuel efficiency when applied to vehicle models in CFD simulations.
IRJET- Passing Opportunity Model of Vehicles on Two Lane Undivided Highways u...IRJET Journal
The document presents a study on developing a passing opportunity model for vehicles on two-lane undivided highways under mixed traffic conditions. Data was collected through a moving car method and video recording on two highway sections. The study analyzed factors such as traffic density, opposing gap, speed of overtaking/overtaken/opposing vehicles, and type of opposing vehicle. A logit model was developed using binary logistic regression, showing that passing opportunity depends on density in the opposite direction, type and speed of opposing vehicle, opposing gap, and speed of the overtaking vehicle. The model had high accuracy in predicting drivers' passing decisions.
Two design methods were used to quantify the improvements of using geotextiles in pavements. In this study, a comprehensive life cycle cost analysis framework was developed and used to quantify the initial and the future cost of 25 representative low volume road design alternatives. A 50 year analysis cycle was used to compute the cost-effectiveness ratio when geotextiled is used for the design methods. The effects of three flexible pavement design parameters were evaluated; and their impact on the results was investigated.
This document summarizes a study analyzing the impact of encroachment on traffic characteristics and level of service of urban roads in Ahmedabad, India. Observations were made on Chanakyapuri Road during peak hours with and without encroachment. Encroachment factors like vendors, parking, and pedestrians were found to reduce vehicular speeds. An Encroachment Index was developed to quantify the combined impact of different encroachment elements. Speed-density curves showed reductions in speed for higher encroachment levels and different traffic volumes. Threshold speeds were suggested for determining different levels of service. The results help inform policies to restrict roadside encroachment and improve urban road capacity and safety.
The document summarizes a study on rehabilitating an 8 km section of the Altaji-Baghdad highway in Iraq. Laboratory and field testing was conducted to determine the existing pavement conditions and traffic volumes. Various types of failures like rutting, cracking, and potholes were found. An equivalent single axle load was calculated based on traffic data and used to determine the required overlay thickness according to the Asphalt Institute Manual. The recommended rehabilitation plan involves scraping and cleaning rutted areas, constructing 50mm and 55mm asphalt layers, and a 10-15cm subbase layer to increase the highway's service life and capacity.
This document summarizes a study that assessed turning restrictions for vehicles at intersections along an arterial road in Dhaka, Bangladesh called Mirpur Road. Traffic congestion is a major problem on this road due to the high number of intersections and right-turning vehicles. The study used traffic simulation software to model Mirpur Road and analyze how changing signal timing and turning restrictions could improve traffic flow. Data was collected through surveys at 12 locations along the road during peak times. The simulation results showed that restricting right turns and allowing U-turns between intersections could help reduce congestion.
PLANNING FOR FACILITY NEEDS IN TRAIN STATION BASED ON COMPARISON OF CONNECTIN...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this research is to know the comparison of the use of mode as a reference in developing the type of facility needed at the train station. Planning for the preparation of these needs can be done by means of an interview survey for passengers on the Surabaya-Lamongan (SULAM) commuter train in Lamongan-Surabaya on weekdays. In some modes, like motorbikes and cars, they are still classified again. For example, motorbike use is divided into several categories, namely: private vehicles (delivered, carried alone), online services, and traditional gojek. In the use of cars also divided into several categories, namely: Private Vehicles (delivered, carried alone), online services, and conventional taxi. The categories in both types of modes are gap analysis of this study. The benefit of being made a category for both types of modes is to plan the type of facility needed for vehicles to stop both inside and outside the train station. The type of facility type planning, is a renewal of this research, because previous research was limited to the comparison of vehicles used. Another benefit of this research is that it can produce new research to plan simulation of vehicle parking capacity
Improvement the level of service for signalized arterial 2IAEME Publication
This document discusses improving the level of service for a signalized arterial street in Fallujah City, Iraq. It evaluates the current level of service for Al-Forqan Street, which has four segments and three signalized intersections. Data on traffic volumes, intersection characteristics, and free-flow speeds is collected. The Highway Capacity Software is used to analyze travel times, speeds, delays and determine the current level of service. Alternative improvement strategies are developed and analyzed to upgrade the level of service for the street segments and overall arterial.
This document discusses a traffic analysis project on Gomti Nagar in Lucknow, India with respect to pedestrian facilities. It provides background on traffic studies and their purpose in evaluating transportation systems. It also outlines different types of traffic counts and analysis methods, including manual counts, cordon counts, screen line counts, intersection counts, and pedestrian counts. The document describes the project timeline and concludes that future transportation investments in the area must be strategically coordinated with land use plans to maximize benefits.
This document discusses traffic characteristics and engineering. It defines traffic engineering as dealing with planning and designing streets and highways for safe, efficient traffic flow. Road users and their physical, mental, psychological characteristics are examined, as well as vehicles' static properties like weight and dimensions, and dynamic properties like speed and braking. Traffic surveys study these characteristics to determine road geometry and controls. Perception, intellect, emotion and volition times that make up a driver's total reaction time are also outlined.
This document discusses origin-destination (OD) surveys, which are used to understand travel patterns in a given area. It outlines several common methods for conducting OD surveys, including roadside interviews, license plate tracking, and mail/phone surveys. A case study is presented on an OD survey conducted at Havanur Circle junction in Bangalore, India using roadside interviews. The survey found most trips were for work or shopping. Recommendations included changing signal timing and adding infrastructure like underpasses to reduce congestion.
IRJET - To Study Impact of Road Roughness on Free Flow Speed of VehicleIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the impact of road roughness on vehicle speed. It begins by introducing the topic of road roughness and how it is typically measured. It then reviews past literature on how road roughness affects factors like ride comfort, pavement deterioration, safety, and maintenance costs. The study aims to determine how road roughness specifically impacts free flow vehicle speed. It outlines the methodology of using a leveling staff and auto level to measure road roughness profiles. The study area selected is a road in Nashik, India. Results found that increasing roughness decreases vehicle speed, fuel economy, passenger comfort, and increases vehicle damage. In conclusion, road roughness is shown to negatively impact transportation conditions and development.
Traffic study project for final year CIVIL engineeringMohammadOsamaJafry
A traffic study was conducted in Bihta, Patna by a group of 6 students from the Department of Civil Engineering at Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology. The study involved collecting data on vehicle volumes and types at 4 congestion points in Bihta over 1 hour time periods using manual counting methods. The results of the first day of data collection are presented, showing the number of different vehicle types passing in both the up and down directions at two locations: Ara Mor and the Dominia Overbridge. Vehicle types included cars, buses, trucks, motorcycles, animal-drawn vehicles, and cycles. Total traffic volumes for the hour were also calculated. The data will be used to analyze traffic characteristics and identify solutions to improve congest
IRJET- Capacity Utilisation of Koothattukulam-North Palakkuzha Stretch in Ke...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes traffic volume and capacity utilization on a 5 km stretch of road between Koothattukulam and North Palakkuzha in Kerala, India. Traffic counts were conducted manually over 12 hours and analyzed. Peak traffic volumes of 1040.5 and 1023.5 PCUs/hour were found at North Palakkuzha and Koothattukulam respectively during 4-5pm. Cars comprised the majority of vehicles. The volume/capacity ratio was calculated to be 0.69 and 0.68, indicating the road is operating below full capacity currently. The study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the newly reconstructed road and identify any deficiencies.
This document outlines a course in basic transportation engineering. It includes information on the faculty member teaching the course, G.A. Patel of Government Polytechnic Himatnagar. The course covers roads, railways, and bridges, with the goals of explaining their importance and geometrical aspects, comprehending their construction and maintenance, and performing tests on materials. It provides an overview of the main topics to be covered for each type of transportation infrastructure. These include road geometrics, materials, and drainage; railway points, crossings and track maintenance; and bridge investigation, structure, and maintenance. The document also lists assignments involving dimensional sketches and practical tests and reports.
Design & Construction of B.I.T. Driveway (As per rural specification)IJERA Editor
The motive of undertaking this project of “Design & Construction of B.I.T. Driveway (As per rural
specification)” is to study and evaluate the performance in real design and working conditions of the rural road
flexible pavement with IRC:37-2001 and IRC:SP:20-2002. In this paper, the work is carried out to measure the
traffic volume on the top surface of the B.I.T. Driveway. Rural connectivity is taken as one of the major
component in increasing the agricultural output and earning capacity of the rural population. There is a marked
improvement in quality of life by way of better educational facilities, improved health services, improved
attendance by the school teachers as well as students.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF NONSIGNALISED ROAD INTERSECTION USING THE KAJI APPLIC...IAEME Publication
The intersection is a place of conflict between vehicles of two or more roads.
Driver behavior and land use also influence intersections. This is the cause of the
need for studies for intersection management. One study for intersections is the
calculation of the intersection capacity itself. The capacity to be assessed, of course,
requires data on the volume of vehicles passing at the intersection. The purpose of
this study was to analyze the performance of the weekly intersections in Merauke
Regency by using the Indonesia Road Capacity(Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia: KAJI)
program.Results of analysis of vehicle volume data passing for one week, the largest
vehicle volume can be seen on Sunday at 17:00 - 18:00 WIT that is equal to 2038
vehicles / hour or 1153 pcu / hour. Calculation of intersection capacity using the
KAJI application obtained a weekly intersection capacity of 2451 pcu / hour. The
degree of saturation at a weekly intersection is 0.47. Based on the results of the
analysis it can be concluded that the service level of the four unmarked intersections
is at level C, ie the current is stable but the speed and motion of the vehicle is
controlled and the driver is limited in choosing speed.
This document discusses various topics related to traffic engineering and transportation planning. It defines traffic engineering and its objectives. It then describes different types of traffic studies including volume, speed, origin-destination, capacity, and accident studies. It discusses various methods for conducting traffic volume and speed studies, including manual counting methods and automatic counting methods. It also covers parking space studies, including different types of on-street and off-street parking facilities and how parking studies are conducted.
flow characteristic study of traffic on national highwayVinaykumar Koli
This document presents a study on analyzing traffic flow characteristics on national highways in India. It aims to develop a new methodology for studying traffic flow, validate the methodology, analyze traffic data from two-lane highways under varying conditions, and estimate adjustment factors. The methodology involves identifying problems, formulating objectives, selecting a study area, conducting literature reviews, collecting data using the moving observer method, analyzing scenarios, evaluating scenarios, and finding remedial measures. A literature review covers past studies on traffic composition, volumes, speeds and the impact of factors like gradient, lane width and pavement conditions.
Este documento describe un tipo de hogar costeño en Ecuador. El hogar típico tiene un jefe de 53 años, vive en Guayaquil, tiene ingresos bajos, educación primaria o secundaria, y trabaja por cuenta propia o como empleado privado. Carece de muchos servicios modernos como internet, computadora o seguro médico.
El documento compara los resultados de equipos colombianos y japoneses. Los japoneses tuvieron éxito porque siguieron a un solo líder que guió y controló sus acciones. Los colombianos tuvieron problemas porque todos se consideraban líderes y sus ideas no estaban organizadas. El documento concluye que para un buen trabajo en equipo se necesita un solo líder como ejemplo a seguir, buena comunicación y que las ideas de los miembros sean escuchadas por el líder.
El documento describe varios modelos de talleres móviles y cajas de herramientas diseñados para transportar herramientas de manera fácil y organizada. Incluyen ruedas, compartimentos, cajones y manijas telescópicas para facilitar el movimiento y almacenamiento de herramientas. Los productos están disponibles en diferentes tamaños y configuraciones modulares para satisfacer las necesidades de diferentes profesionales.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang global warming, yang didefinisikan sebagai peningkatan suhu rata-rata bumi akibat efek rumah kaca dari gas-gas seperti karbondioksida dan metana. Dokumen tersebut juga menjelaskan penyebab global warming seperti efek rumah kaca dan efek timbal balik, serta dampaknya seperti kenaikan permukaan air laut dan hilangnya terumbu karang.
Este documento presenta una idea de negocio para una empresa deportiva que venderá productos de alta calidad a precios bajos para deportistas. Los fundadores buscan establecer la marca a nivel mundial y donar la mayoría de los ingresos a fundaciones benéficas. El negocio se lanzará en enero de 2017 con capital inicial de las ventas escolares de los fundadores.
El documento proporciona información sobre Internet, la World Wide Web y las redes sociales. Explica que Internet es una red descentralizada de redes interconectadas que usan protocolos TCP/IP para funcionar como una sola red lógica global. La World Wide Web es un conjunto de protocolos que permite consultar archivos de hipertexto de forma remota a través de Internet. Las redes sociales son estructuras sociales compuestas por grupos de personas conectadas por amistades u otros tipos de relaciones.
Este documento presenta el objetivo y problema de información de un blog sobre la violencia en el país. El objetivo es dar a conocer las causas de la violencia para combatirla y evitarla. El problema que busca resolver es ayudar a que las personas estén mejor informadas y tengan herramientas como una mejor educación para disminuir la violencia. También incluye referencias bibliográficas y términos de búsqueda relacionados con el tema.
IRJET- Self-Cleaning of Street by Sewage Treated Water using Street StudIRJET Journal
The document discusses a proposed solution to clean streets using treated sewage water sprayed from nozzles inside road studs. The main points are:
1) Road cracks and accidents are issues in India due to varying temperatures. Spraying water daily can reuse roads quickly.
2) The proposed solution involves fitting sprinklers inside road studs to spray water in a circular motion to clean streets. Pipes would supply water to the studs.
3) Treated sewage water would be used which meets pH standards. Nozzles would spray water then retract when off. This would clean streets and dry roads quickly while reusing treated water.
PLANNING FOR FACILITY NEEDS IN TRAIN STATION BASED ON COMPARISON OF CONNECTIN...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this research is to know the comparison of the use of mode as a reference in developing the type of facility needed at the train station. Planning for the preparation of these needs can be done by means of an interview survey for passengers on the Surabaya-Lamongan (SULAM) commuter train in Lamongan-Surabaya on weekdays. In some modes, like motorbikes and cars, they are still classified again. For example, motorbike use is divided into several categories, namely: private vehicles (delivered, carried alone), online services, and traditional gojek. In the use of cars also divided into several categories, namely: Private Vehicles (delivered, carried alone), online services, and conventional taxi. The categories in both types of modes are gap analysis of this study. The benefit of being made a category for both types of modes is to plan the type of facility needed for vehicles to stop both inside and outside the train station. The type of facility type planning, is a renewal of this research, because previous research was limited to the comparison of vehicles used. Another benefit of this research is that it can produce new research to plan simulation of vehicle parking capacity
Improvement the level of service for signalized arterial 2IAEME Publication
This document discusses improving the level of service for a signalized arterial street in Fallujah City, Iraq. It evaluates the current level of service for Al-Forqan Street, which has four segments and three signalized intersections. Data on traffic volumes, intersection characteristics, and free-flow speeds is collected. The Highway Capacity Software is used to analyze travel times, speeds, delays and determine the current level of service. Alternative improvement strategies are developed and analyzed to upgrade the level of service for the street segments and overall arterial.
This document discusses a traffic analysis project on Gomti Nagar in Lucknow, India with respect to pedestrian facilities. It provides background on traffic studies and their purpose in evaluating transportation systems. It also outlines different types of traffic counts and analysis methods, including manual counts, cordon counts, screen line counts, intersection counts, and pedestrian counts. The document describes the project timeline and concludes that future transportation investments in the area must be strategically coordinated with land use plans to maximize benefits.
This document discusses traffic characteristics and engineering. It defines traffic engineering as dealing with planning and designing streets and highways for safe, efficient traffic flow. Road users and their physical, mental, psychological characteristics are examined, as well as vehicles' static properties like weight and dimensions, and dynamic properties like speed and braking. Traffic surveys study these characteristics to determine road geometry and controls. Perception, intellect, emotion and volition times that make up a driver's total reaction time are also outlined.
This document discusses origin-destination (OD) surveys, which are used to understand travel patterns in a given area. It outlines several common methods for conducting OD surveys, including roadside interviews, license plate tracking, and mail/phone surveys. A case study is presented on an OD survey conducted at Havanur Circle junction in Bangalore, India using roadside interviews. The survey found most trips were for work or shopping. Recommendations included changing signal timing and adding infrastructure like underpasses to reduce congestion.
IRJET - To Study Impact of Road Roughness on Free Flow Speed of VehicleIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the impact of road roughness on vehicle speed. It begins by introducing the topic of road roughness and how it is typically measured. It then reviews past literature on how road roughness affects factors like ride comfort, pavement deterioration, safety, and maintenance costs. The study aims to determine how road roughness specifically impacts free flow vehicle speed. It outlines the methodology of using a leveling staff and auto level to measure road roughness profiles. The study area selected is a road in Nashik, India. Results found that increasing roughness decreases vehicle speed, fuel economy, passenger comfort, and increases vehicle damage. In conclusion, road roughness is shown to negatively impact transportation conditions and development.
Traffic study project for final year CIVIL engineeringMohammadOsamaJafry
A traffic study was conducted in Bihta, Patna by a group of 6 students from the Department of Civil Engineering at Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology. The study involved collecting data on vehicle volumes and types at 4 congestion points in Bihta over 1 hour time periods using manual counting methods. The results of the first day of data collection are presented, showing the number of different vehicle types passing in both the up and down directions at two locations: Ara Mor and the Dominia Overbridge. Vehicle types included cars, buses, trucks, motorcycles, animal-drawn vehicles, and cycles. Total traffic volumes for the hour were also calculated. The data will be used to analyze traffic characteristics and identify solutions to improve congest
IRJET- Capacity Utilisation of Koothattukulam-North Palakkuzha Stretch in Ke...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes traffic volume and capacity utilization on a 5 km stretch of road between Koothattukulam and North Palakkuzha in Kerala, India. Traffic counts were conducted manually over 12 hours and analyzed. Peak traffic volumes of 1040.5 and 1023.5 PCUs/hour were found at North Palakkuzha and Koothattukulam respectively during 4-5pm. Cars comprised the majority of vehicles. The volume/capacity ratio was calculated to be 0.69 and 0.68, indicating the road is operating below full capacity currently. The study aims to evaluate the efficiency of the newly reconstructed road and identify any deficiencies.
This document outlines a course in basic transportation engineering. It includes information on the faculty member teaching the course, G.A. Patel of Government Polytechnic Himatnagar. The course covers roads, railways, and bridges, with the goals of explaining their importance and geometrical aspects, comprehending their construction and maintenance, and performing tests on materials. It provides an overview of the main topics to be covered for each type of transportation infrastructure. These include road geometrics, materials, and drainage; railway points, crossings and track maintenance; and bridge investigation, structure, and maintenance. The document also lists assignments involving dimensional sketches and practical tests and reports.
Design & Construction of B.I.T. Driveway (As per rural specification)IJERA Editor
The motive of undertaking this project of “Design & Construction of B.I.T. Driveway (As per rural
specification)” is to study and evaluate the performance in real design and working conditions of the rural road
flexible pavement with IRC:37-2001 and IRC:SP:20-2002. In this paper, the work is carried out to measure the
traffic volume on the top surface of the B.I.T. Driveway. Rural connectivity is taken as one of the major
component in increasing the agricultural output and earning capacity of the rural population. There is a marked
improvement in quality of life by way of better educational facilities, improved health services, improved
attendance by the school teachers as well as students.
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF NONSIGNALISED ROAD INTERSECTION USING THE KAJI APPLIC...IAEME Publication
The intersection is a place of conflict between vehicles of two or more roads.
Driver behavior and land use also influence intersections. This is the cause of the
need for studies for intersection management. One study for intersections is the
calculation of the intersection capacity itself. The capacity to be assessed, of course,
requires data on the volume of vehicles passing at the intersection. The purpose of
this study was to analyze the performance of the weekly intersections in Merauke
Regency by using the Indonesia Road Capacity(Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia: KAJI)
program.Results of analysis of vehicle volume data passing for one week, the largest
vehicle volume can be seen on Sunday at 17:00 - 18:00 WIT that is equal to 2038
vehicles / hour or 1153 pcu / hour. Calculation of intersection capacity using the
KAJI application obtained a weekly intersection capacity of 2451 pcu / hour. The
degree of saturation at a weekly intersection is 0.47. Based on the results of the
analysis it can be concluded that the service level of the four unmarked intersections
is at level C, ie the current is stable but the speed and motion of the vehicle is
controlled and the driver is limited in choosing speed.
This document discusses various topics related to traffic engineering and transportation planning. It defines traffic engineering and its objectives. It then describes different types of traffic studies including volume, speed, origin-destination, capacity, and accident studies. It discusses various methods for conducting traffic volume and speed studies, including manual counting methods and automatic counting methods. It also covers parking space studies, including different types of on-street and off-street parking facilities and how parking studies are conducted.
flow characteristic study of traffic on national highwayVinaykumar Koli
This document presents a study on analyzing traffic flow characteristics on national highways in India. It aims to develop a new methodology for studying traffic flow, validate the methodology, analyze traffic data from two-lane highways under varying conditions, and estimate adjustment factors. The methodology involves identifying problems, formulating objectives, selecting a study area, conducting literature reviews, collecting data using the moving observer method, analyzing scenarios, evaluating scenarios, and finding remedial measures. A literature review covers past studies on traffic composition, volumes, speeds and the impact of factors like gradient, lane width and pavement conditions.
Este documento describe un tipo de hogar costeño en Ecuador. El hogar típico tiene un jefe de 53 años, vive en Guayaquil, tiene ingresos bajos, educación primaria o secundaria, y trabaja por cuenta propia o como empleado privado. Carece de muchos servicios modernos como internet, computadora o seguro médico.
El documento compara los resultados de equipos colombianos y japoneses. Los japoneses tuvieron éxito porque siguieron a un solo líder que guió y controló sus acciones. Los colombianos tuvieron problemas porque todos se consideraban líderes y sus ideas no estaban organizadas. El documento concluye que para un buen trabajo en equipo se necesita un solo líder como ejemplo a seguir, buena comunicación y que las ideas de los miembros sean escuchadas por el líder.
El documento describe varios modelos de talleres móviles y cajas de herramientas diseñados para transportar herramientas de manera fácil y organizada. Incluyen ruedas, compartimentos, cajones y manijas telescópicas para facilitar el movimiento y almacenamiento de herramientas. Los productos están disponibles en diferentes tamaños y configuraciones modulares para satisfacer las necesidades de diferentes profesionales.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang global warming, yang didefinisikan sebagai peningkatan suhu rata-rata bumi akibat efek rumah kaca dari gas-gas seperti karbondioksida dan metana. Dokumen tersebut juga menjelaskan penyebab global warming seperti efek rumah kaca dan efek timbal balik, serta dampaknya seperti kenaikan permukaan air laut dan hilangnya terumbu karang.
Este documento presenta una idea de negocio para una empresa deportiva que venderá productos de alta calidad a precios bajos para deportistas. Los fundadores buscan establecer la marca a nivel mundial y donar la mayoría de los ingresos a fundaciones benéficas. El negocio se lanzará en enero de 2017 con capital inicial de las ventas escolares de los fundadores.
El documento proporciona información sobre Internet, la World Wide Web y las redes sociales. Explica que Internet es una red descentralizada de redes interconectadas que usan protocolos TCP/IP para funcionar como una sola red lógica global. La World Wide Web es un conjunto de protocolos que permite consultar archivos de hipertexto de forma remota a través de Internet. Las redes sociales son estructuras sociales compuestas por grupos de personas conectadas por amistades u otros tipos de relaciones.
Este documento presenta el objetivo y problema de información de un blog sobre la violencia en el país. El objetivo es dar a conocer las causas de la violencia para combatirla y evitarla. El problema que busca resolver es ayudar a que las personas estén mejor informadas y tengan herramientas como una mejor educación para disminuir la violencia. También incluye referencias bibliográficas y términos de búsqueda relacionados con el tema.
IRJET- Self-Cleaning of Street by Sewage Treated Water using Street StudIRJET Journal
The document discusses a proposed solution to clean streets using treated sewage water sprayed from nozzles inside road studs. The main points are:
1) Road cracks and accidents are issues in India due to varying temperatures. Spraying water daily can reuse roads quickly.
2) The proposed solution involves fitting sprinklers inside road studs to spray water in a circular motion to clean streets. Pipes would supply water to the studs.
3) Treated sewage water would be used which meets pH standards. Nozzles would spray water then retract when off. This would clean streets and dry roads quickly while reusing treated water.
Design of traffic signal on NH-12 near Barkatullah University, Bhopal Distric...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on designing traffic signals on NH-12 near Barkatullah University in Bhopal, India. It begins with an abstract describing the growth of traffic in major towns due to industrialization and urbanization. The objectives of the study are to minimize delays at intersections, improve traffic flow, and enhance the level of service. Existing traffic volumes were measured using manual counts, and signals were designed using the Webster and two-phase signal methods. Key findings include calculated passenger car units per hour, saturation flow rates for different lane widths, and cycle times determined using the Webster method to minimize total vehicle delay. The study methodology involved manual traffic counts, conversion to passenger car units, and signal design using two-phase
Development of pavement management strategies for arterial roadseSAT Journals
Abstract
An arterial road is a high-capacity urban road which delivers the traffic from collector roads to freeways, and between city centres at
the maximum and possible level of service. Therefore it is very important to maintain these roads as they are subjected to heavy traffic
and on monsoon or poor drainage conditions which may damage the pavements at a faster rate further requiring timely maintenance
and costly rehabilitation. Assessing the condition of the pavement periodically is important so that maintenance work can be taken up
accordingly in order to slow down the deterioration rate. A tool which can access the deterioration of pavement is a Pavement
Condition Index (PCI) which is a distress study carried out on pavement. PCI is a numerical rating of the pavement condition that
ranges from 0 -100 with 0 being worst possible condition 100 being the best possible condition. Therefore, this paper aims at bringing
out the methodology used in carrying out the survey on the pavement and for rating of the pavement (PCI) with the case studies of
four arterial roads of Rajarajeshwari Zone, Bangalore city and the PCIs of rating of these pavements at the time of studies was found
to be from very poor to excellent. Pavement management strategies have been proposed based on the condition rating.
Keywords: Flexible Pavements, ASTM, PCI, Pavement Maintenance, Arterial roads
Development of pavement management strategies for arterial roadseSAT Journals
Abstract
An arterial road is a high-capacity urban road which delivers the traffic from collector roads to freeways, and between city centres at
the maximum and possible level of service. Therefore it is very important to maintain these roads as they are subjected to heavy traffic
and on monsoon or poor drainage conditions which may damage the pavements at a faster rate further requiring timely maintenance
and costly rehabilitation. Assessing the condition of the pavement periodically is important so that maintenance work can be taken up
accordingly in order to slow down the deterioration rate. A tool which can access the deterioration of pavement is a Pavement
Condition Index (PCI) which is a distress study carried out on pavement. PCI is a numerical rating of the pavement condition that
ranges from 0 -100 with 0 being worst possible condition 100 being the best possible condition. Therefore, this paper aims at bringing
out the methodology used in carrying out the survey on the pavement and for rating of the pavement (PCI) with the case studies of
four arterial roads of Rajarajeshwari Zone, Bangalore city and the PCIs of rating of these pavements at the time of studies was found
to be from very poor to excellent. Pavement management strategies have been proposed based on the condition rating.
Keywords: Flexible Pavements, ASTM, PCI, Pavement Maintenance, Arterial roads
Walkability Index by Global Walkability Index MethodIRJET Journal
This document discusses assessing the walkability of Lovely Professional University in India using the Global Walkability Index method. It provides background on walkability and defines it as how safe, convenient, comfortable and accessible the built environment is for pedestrians. It then summarizes the key aspects of the Global Walkability Index methodology, which qualitatively evaluates pedestrian safety, convenience, amenities, and policy support. The study aims to apply this index to evaluate walkability at LPU and identify areas for improvement, as about 25,000 students need to walk or use other non-vehicle transportation daily on campus.
Feasibility study of_metro_transport_case_study_maduraiDurga Rai
This document presents a feasibility study for a proposed metro rail network in Madurai, India. It begins with an introduction to feasibility studies and their importance in project development. It then proposes a methodology for conducting feasibility studies for rail projects that considers social, environmental, and economic factors.
The document applies this methodology to evaluate the feasibility of a metro system in Madurai. It analyzes the city's traffic scenario, identifies potential station locations, and forecasts population growth and demand. It also discusses technical considerations and evaluates costs, benefits, financial viability, and social and environmental impacts. Traffic surveys were conducted at key intersections to analyze existing conditions. The study aims to determine if a metro rail system would be a viable and beneficial transportation
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF BRTS OF INDORE CITY FOR SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT SYSTEMIRJET Journal
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Feasibility study of metro transport case study maduraiIAEME Publication
This document discusses a feasibility study for a proposed metro rail system in Madurai, India. It begins with an introduction to feasibility studies and their importance in project development. It then outlines a proposed methodology for conducting feasibility studies for rail projects, covering factors like location assessment, demand analysis, costs, cost-benefit analysis, and social/environmental impacts. The document applies this methodology to the specific case of Madurai, describing the city's traffic issues, proposed metro alignments, and population growth trends. Traffic surveys were conducted at key intersections to analyze existing demand. The study aims to determine if a metro rail system in Madurai would be a feasible and beneficial public transportation solution.
The document is a summer training report submitted by Dhruv Atal to fulfill the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree in Civil Engineering. It discusses a summer training project conducted at the Public Works Department in Chaksu, India on road construction and renewal projects. The report includes an introduction, chapters on state highway construction and the highway planning process, and will conclude with a case study and conclusions from the summer training experience.
IRJET- Identification and Analysis of Black Spots along the Selected Road...IRJET Journal
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Sustainable transporation planning – a systems approachIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study that developed a system dynamics simulation model to plan for sustainable transportation in Chennai, India. The study collected primary and secondary data on transportation demand and supply factors. It then created causal loop diagrams and identified key variables to develop population, demand, and supply sectors in the STELLA simulation software. The model was calibrated and validated using historical data, then run for different scenarios. The results were analyzed to suggest actions toward achieving sustainable transportation planning goals for Chennai.
SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORATION PLANNING – A SYSTEMS APPROACHIAEME Publication
Chennai is the fourth largest metropolitan city of India which covers an area of 426 sq.km and recorded a population of 46.81 lakhs in 2011. The Chennai Metropolitan Area which extends over an area of 1189 sq.km recorded the population of 86.96 lakhs in 2011 and the density is 11,000 per sq.km. The population of Chennai in 1639 was 40,000 and today the city is estimated to have a population of 7.5 million, which gives a population density of about 6482 per sq. km. This rapid
increase in population leads to traffic congestion and imbalanced supply and demand of transport facilities. Thus it is important to develop a dynamic model which would exhibit the invention of various transportation facilities in Chennai and to estimate the travel demand for both present and future situation.
IRJET- Study of Parking Space in Surat Railway Station Road and Resolving the...IRJET Journal
This document studies the parking situation at the Surat Railway Station road in India. It aims to determine the current availability of parking spaces provided by the Surat Municipal Corporation (SMC), and to identify the gap between existing parking capacity and future parking demand. Data on the existing parking lots is collected, including their locations, areas, and vehicle capacities. Vehicle population data for Surat city from 2009 to 2018 is analyzed to forecast future growth in two-wheelers and four-wheelers up to 2040 using a geometric increase method. Based on projected vehicle numbers and existing parking infrastructure, recommendations will be provided to better manage parking and address future demand.
Our project is the complete study about both Spot speed studies and Speed delay time survey. This topic is a part of Transportation Engineering. This report helps you to understand this topic in detail. This report will also help you to make project on associated topics in traffic engineering. In spot speed, We discussed regarding various methods available to perform the test, Our team practically performed test and established a speed limit zone near a school. Coming to speed delay time survey, we conducted a survey at a selected stretch and came out with solutions to the problems faced by the vehicle users using that stretch.
Geometry condition survey from panthapath to russel square report submited by...Pronob Ghosh
This document describes the methodology for conducting a roadway condition survey in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The survey involves both manual and automated methods. For the manual survey, raters will walk or drive along the road and record distresses on the pavement surface, intersections, traffic signals, signs, and other elements. The automated survey uses a specialized vehicle to quickly collect pavement condition data at highway speeds. The results of the survey will be used to assess maintenance needs and plan repairs for the roadway.
Road Safety Audit of Chamarajanagar to Haradanahalli District Forest - NH 948IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a road safety audit conducted on NH 948 from Chamarajanagar to Haradanahalli District Forest in India. The study aimed to identify accident blackspots along the 18.2 km stretch and provide recommendations. Accident data from 2017-2019 was collected and the stretch was divided into 5 sections. The section from Somawarapete to Haradanahalli junction had the highest accident rate based on an accident point weightage analysis. Common issues found along the road included lack of signs, markings, and maintenance. The audit identified hazards to improve safety and reduce accidents according to Indian Road Congress guidelines. Conducting road safety audits is an effective way to analyze accidents and recommend
Metro Development and Pedestrian ConcernsIRJET Journal
The document discusses the development of the metro system in Pune, India and its impacts on pedestrians. It analyzes a 4.6 km stretch of the metro corridor that runs along major roads in the city. The elevated metro structures have reduced road widths, divided roads, and blocked views. This has made pedestrian crossings more difficult and increased walking distances. It has also eliminated some bus stops, inconveniencing pedestrians. While the metro aims to address traffic issues, pedestrian facilities and convenience seem to have been overlooked in the planning and implementation of the project.
Capacity Analysis of Signalized Intersection in Urban AreasIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the capacity of two signalized intersections - Pattom Junction and Palayam Junction - located in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Data on traffic volumes, saturation flows, and green times were collected through surveys. Capacity and level of service were estimated using the degree of saturation and control delay methods. At Pattom Junction, approaches were found to operate at LOS B to D. At Palayam Junction, all approaches operated at LOS A or B. The study aims to help adopt improvement measures and ensure smoother traffic flow at the intersections.
Performance Evaluation of Rigid PavementsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study evaluating the performance of cement concrete and rigid pavement test stretches in rural India. Nine test stretches were selected across varying conditions and evaluated based on pavement roughness, distress levels like cracking and scaling, and ratings by panels. International roughness index, pavement condition index, and present serviceability index equations were developed based on roughness and distress data to assess pavement condition. The results will help determine appropriate maintenance to increase road service life.
The project provides an insight on pavement Management Systems.PMS helps in making informed decisions enabling the maintenance of the network in a serviceable and safe condition at a minimum cost to both the agency and the road users. To adequately meet this requirement, well-documented information is essential to make defensible decisions on the basis of sound principles of engineering and management
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Keywords: AI, Containeres, Kubernetes, Cloud Native
Event Link: https://meine.doag.org/events/cloudland/2024/agenda/#agendaId.4211
GlobalLogic Java Community Webinar #18 “How to Improve Web Application Perfor...GlobalLogic Ukraine
Під час доповіді відповімо на питання, навіщо потрібно підвищувати продуктивність аплікації і які є найефективніші способи для цього. А також поговоримо про те, що таке кеш, які його види бувають та, основне — як знайти performance bottleneck?
Відео та деталі заходу: https://bit.ly/45tILxj
MySQL InnoDB Storage Engine: Deep Dive - MydbopsMydbops
This presentation, titled "MySQL - InnoDB" and delivered by Mayank Prasad at the Mydbops Open Source Database Meetup 16 on June 8th, 2024, covers dynamic configuration of REDO logs and instant ADD/DROP columns in InnoDB.
This presentation dives deep into the world of InnoDB, exploring two ground-breaking features introduced in MySQL 8.0:
• Dynamic Configuration of REDO Logs: Enhance your database's performance and flexibility with on-the-fly adjustments to REDO log capacity. Unleash the power of the snake metaphor to visualize how InnoDB manages REDO log files.
• Instant ADD/DROP Columns: Say goodbye to costly table rebuilds! This presentation unveils how InnoDB now enables seamless addition and removal of columns without compromising data integrity or incurring downtime.
Key Learnings:
• Grasp the concept of REDO logs and their significance in InnoDB's transaction management.
• Discover the advantages of dynamic REDO log configuration and how to leverage it for optimal performance.
• Understand the inner workings of instant ADD/DROP columns and their impact on database operations.
• Gain valuable insights into the row versioning mechanism that empowers instant column modifications.
"What does it really mean for your system to be available, or how to define w...Fwdays
We will talk about system monitoring from a few different angles. We will start by covering the basics, then discuss SLOs, how to define them, and why understanding the business well is crucial for success in this exercise.
AI in the Workplace Reskilling, Upskilling, and Future Work.pptxSunil Jagani
Discover how AI is transforming the workplace and learn strategies for reskilling and upskilling employees to stay ahead. This comprehensive guide covers the impact of AI on jobs, essential skills for the future, and successful case studies from industry leaders. Embrace AI-driven changes, foster continuous learning, and build a future-ready workforce.
Read More - https://bit.ly/3VKly70
QR Secure: A Hybrid Approach Using Machine Learning and Security Validation F...AlexanderRichford
QR Secure: A Hybrid Approach Using Machine Learning and Security Validation Functions to Prevent Interaction with Malicious QR Codes.
Aim of the Study: The goal of this research was to develop a robust hybrid approach for identifying malicious and insecure URLs derived from QR codes, ensuring safe interactions.
This is achieved through:
Machine Learning Model: Predicts the likelihood of a URL being malicious.
Security Validation Functions: Ensures the derived URL has a valid certificate and proper URL format.
This innovative blend of technology aims to enhance cybersecurity measures and protect users from potential threats hidden within QR codes 🖥 🔒
This study was my first introduction to using ML which has shown me the immense potential of ML in creating more secure digital environments!
Introducing BoxLang : A new JVM language for productivity and modularity!Ortus Solutions, Corp
Just like life, our code must adapt to the ever changing world we live in. From one day coding for the web, to the next for our tablets or APIs or for running serverless applications. Multi-runtime development is the future of coding, the future is to be dynamic. Let us introduce you to BoxLang.
Dynamic. Modular. Productive.
BoxLang redefines development with its dynamic nature, empowering developers to craft expressive and functional code effortlessly. Its modular architecture prioritizes flexibility, allowing for seamless integration into existing ecosystems.
Interoperability at its Core
With 100% interoperability with Java, BoxLang seamlessly bridges the gap between traditional and modern development paradigms, unlocking new possibilities for innovation and collaboration.
Multi-Runtime
From the tiny 2m operating system binary to running on our pure Java web server, CommandBox, Jakarta EE, AWS Lambda, Microsoft Functions, Web Assembly, Android and more. BoxLang has been designed to enhance and adapt according to it's runnable runtime.
The Fusion of Modernity and Tradition
Experience the fusion of modern features inspired by CFML, Node, Ruby, Kotlin, Java, and Clojure, combined with the familiarity of Java bytecode compilation, making BoxLang a language of choice for forward-thinking developers.
Empowering Transition with Transpiler Support
Transitioning from CFML to BoxLang is seamless with our JIT transpiler, facilitating smooth migration and preserving existing code investments.
Unlocking Creativity with IDE Tools
Unleash your creativity with powerful IDE tools tailored for BoxLang, providing an intuitive development experience and streamlining your workflow. Join us as we embark on a journey to redefine JVM development. Welcome to the era of BoxLang.
"Frontline Battles with DDoS: Best practices and Lessons Learned", Igor IvaniukFwdays
At this talk we will discuss DDoS protection tools and best practices, discuss network architectures and what AWS has to offer. Also, we will look into one of the largest DDoS attacks on Ukrainian infrastructure that happened in February 2022. We'll see, what techniques helped to keep the web resources available for Ukrainians and how AWS improved DDoS protection for all customers based on Ukraine experience
In our second session, we shall learn all about the main features and fundamentals of UiPath Studio that enable us to use the building blocks for any automation project.
📕 Detailed agenda:
Variables and Datatypes
Workflow Layouts
Arguments
Control Flows and Loops
Conditional Statements
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Variables, Constants, and Arguments in Studio
Control Flow in Studio
Getting the Most Out of ScyllaDB Monitoring: ShareChat's TipsScyllaDB
ScyllaDB monitoring provides a lot of useful information. But sometimes it’s not easy to find the root of the problem if something is wrong or even estimate the remaining capacity by the load on the cluster. This talk shares our team's practical tips on: 1) How to find the root of the problem by metrics if ScyllaDB is slow 2) How to interpret the load and plan capacity for the future 3) Compaction strategies and how to choose the right one 4) Important metrics which aren’t available in the default monitoring setup.
"NATO Hackathon Winner: AI-Powered Drug Search", Taras KlobaFwdays
This is a session that details how PostgreSQL's features and Azure AI Services can be effectively used to significantly enhance the search functionality in any application.
In this session, we'll share insights on how we used PostgreSQL to facilitate precise searches across multiple fields in our mobile application. The techniques include using LIKE and ILIKE operators and integrating a trigram-based search to handle potential misspellings, thereby increasing the search accuracy.
We'll also discuss how the azure_ai extension on PostgreSQL databases in Azure and Azure AI Services were utilized to create vectors from user input, a feature beneficial when users wish to find specific items based on text prompts. While our application's case study involves a drug search, the techniques and principles shared in this session can be adapted to improve search functionality in a wide range of applications. Join us to learn how PostgreSQL and Azure AI can be harnessed to enhance your application's search capability.
Session 1 - Intro to Robotic Process Automation.pdfUiPathCommunity
👉 Check out our full 'Africa Series - Automation Student Developers (EN)' page to register for the full program:
https://bit.ly/Automation_Student_Kickstart
In this session, we shall introduce you to the world of automation, the UiPath Platform, and guide you on how to install and setup UiPath Studio on your Windows PC.
📕 Detailed agenda:
What is RPA? Benefits of RPA?
RPA Applications
The UiPath End-to-End Automation Platform
UiPath Studio CE Installation and Setup
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Introduction to Automation
UiPath Business Automation Platform
Explore automation development with UiPath Studio
👉 Register here for our upcoming Session 2 on June 20: Introduction to UiPath Studio Fundamentals: https://community.uipath.com/events/details/uipath-lagos-presents-session-2-introduction-to-uipath-studio-fundamentals/
QA or the Highway - Component Testing: Bridging the gap between frontend appl...zjhamm304
These are the slides for the presentation, "Component Testing: Bridging the gap between frontend applications" that was presented at QA or the Highway 2024 in Columbus, OH by Zachary Hamm.
What is an RPA CoE? Session 1 – CoE VisionDianaGray10
In the first session, we will review the organization's vision and how this has an impact on the COE Structure.
Topics covered:
• The role of a steering committee
• How do the organization’s priorities determine CoE Structure?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
inQuba Webinar Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr Graham HillLizaNolte
HERE IS YOUR WEBINAR CONTENT! 'Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr. Graham Hill'. We hope you find the webinar recording both insightful and enjoyable.
In this webinar, we explored essential aspects of Customer Journey Management and personalization. Here’s a summary of the key insights and topics discussed:
Key Takeaways:
Understanding the Customer Journey: Dr. Hill emphasized the importance of mapping and understanding the complete customer journey to identify touchpoints and opportunities for improvement.
Personalization Strategies: We discussed how to leverage data and insights to create personalized experiences that resonate with customers.
Technology Integration: Insights were shared on how inQuba’s advanced technology can streamline customer interactions and drive operational efficiency.
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during MigrationMydbops
Mydbops Opensource Database Meetup 16
Topic: Must-Know PostgreSQL Extensions for Developers and DBAs During Migration
Speaker: Deepak Mahto, Founder of DataCloudGaze Consulting
Date & Time: 8th June | 10 AM - 1 PM IST
Venue: Bangalore International Centre, Bangalore
Abstract: Discover how PostgreSQL extensions can be your secret weapon! This talk explores how key extensions enhance database capabilities and streamline the migration process for users moving from other relational databases like Oracle.
Key Takeaways:
* Learn about crucial extensions like oracle_fdw, pgtt, and pg_audit that ease migration complexities.
* Gain valuable strategies for implementing these extensions in PostgreSQL to achieve license freedom.
* Discover how these key extensions can empower both developers and DBAs during the migration process.
* Don't miss this chance to gain practical knowledge from an industry expert and stay updated on the latest open-source database trends.
Mydbops Managed Services specializes in taking the pain out of database management while optimizing performance. Since 2015, we have been providing top-notch support and assistance for the top three open-source databases: MySQL, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
Our team offers a wide range of services, including assistance, support, consulting, 24/7 operations, and expertise in all relevant technologies. We help organizations improve their database's performance, scalability, efficiency, and availability.
Contact us: info@mydbops.com
Visit: https://www.mydbops.com/
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For more details and updates, please follow up the below links.
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What is an RPA CoE? Session 2 – CoE RolesDianaGray10
In this session, we will review the players involved in the CoE and how each role impacts opportunities.
Topics covered:
• What roles are essential?
• What place in the automation journey does each role play?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
1. Sandeep Choudhary, Dr. P. K. Agarwal / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.054-060
54 | P a g e
An Innovative Strategy for Maintenance of Highway Pavement
Sandeep Choudhary, Dr. P. K. Agarwal
Asst.Prof. Department of Civil Engineering Sagar Institute Of Technology& Research, Mp India
Professor,Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Bhopal (Mp) India
Abstract :
Highway pavement are deteriorating fast
due to lack of timely maintenance, leading to
higher vehicle operating costs, increasing number
of accidents etc. Thus, timely maintenance of the
highway pavement is essential. Because, once
pavements start to deteriorate; they deteriorate
rapidly beyond the point where maintenance is
effective. Thus, there is an urgent need to
develop a strategy for maintenance of pavement
in a huge highway network. In this study, an
innovative strategy for maintenance of highway
pavement is proposed. A two stage maintenance
strategy is proposed. In stage I, it is proposed to
determine priority of highway sections. In Stage
II, priority of various maintenance activities to be
carried out on various sections will be
determined. Maintenance priority of the
pavement is based on importance of the road
sections, present road conditions, and future road
conditions. The methodology proposed in this
study is illustrated with the help of example of
some hypothetical highway network consisting of
4 sections. Analysis results indicated that the
proposed strategy is considered to be more
rational, innovative & logical. Some strategies for
maintenance of urban roads are also presented in
this study. Therefore, it is expected that this study
will be useful for maintenance of huge highway
network in India and thus will be useful for
preserving huge asset of pavement infrastructure.
Keywords - Highway Maintenance; Maintenance
Strategy; Maintenance Priority; Maintenance of
urban roads,
I. INTRODUCTION
The main objective of this study is to
develop a strategy to select the most appropriate
activities to be carried out at different pavement
sections of a highway network considering their
priority for maintenance. By providing appropriate
maintenance treatment at appropriate time, the rate
of deterioration can be deferred to a great extent and
this will reduce the maintenance cost of roads. If
timely maintenance is not provided, the
reconstruction will become unavoidable. Therefore
pavement maintenance is one of the most important
components of the entire road system. There are
different type of distresses can occur on the
pavement like cracks, rutting, potholes, shallow
depressions, hungry Surfaces etc. Photograph 1
shows some of the important distresses generally
occur on highway pavement in India. Pavement
deterioration causes for accidents on roads and
which will increase the loss of life and properties.
Once pavements starts to deteriorate; they
deteriorate rapidly beyond the point
where maintenance is effective. Thus, timely
maintenance of the highway pavement is essential.
The maintenance process involves the assessment of
present conditions of road, judgment of the problem
and adopting the most relevant maintenance.
Photograph 1 Different Types of Distress on
Highway Pavement
In a road network it is so difficult to select
the roads in a order of priority for their maintenance.
Thus, there is an urgent need to develop a strategy
for maintenance of pavement in a huge highway
network. Prioritization of maintenance activity may
be depends on several factors such as present
condition of road i.e. quantity and quality of
deterioration, increasing rate of deterioration,
importance of the selected road, traffic load on the
selected road etc. [Agarwal, 2006]. In this study, an
innovative strategy for maintenance of highway
pavement is proposed. A two stage maintenance
strategy is proposed. In stage I, it is proposed to
determine priority of highway sections. In Stage II,
priority of various maintenance activities to be
carried out on various sections will be determined.
Maintenance priority of the pavement is based on
importance of the road sections, present road
conditions, and future road conditions. The
methodology proposed in this study is illustrated
with the help of example of some hypothetical
highway network consisting of 4 sections. Analysis
results indicated that the proposed strategy is
considered to be more rational, innovative & logical.
Some strategies for maintenance of urban roads are
also presented in this study.
The paper consists of five Section of which
this is the first. The second section presents the
proposed Strategy for pavement maintenance briefly.
2. Sandeep Choudhary, Dr. P. K. Agarwal / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.054-060
55 | P a g e
To illustrate the strategy and to illustrate how the
proposed strategy works, detailed analysis were
carried out. Section 3 presents the analysis and
results obtained. Section 4 presents some strategies
for maintenance of urban roads. The last section
presents the important conclusions drawn based on
this study. It is expected that this study will be
useful for maintenance of huge highway network in
India and thus will be useful for preserving huge
asset of pavement infrastructure.
II. STRATEGY FOR PAVEMENT
MAINTENANCE
The main objective of this study is to
develop the Maintenance Strategy for pavement in a
Highway Network. It is proposed to select
maintenance activities to be carried out on different
pavement sections in two stages as follows:
Stage I: Pavement Section Priority based on the
basis of the methodology proposed in this study
Stage II Priority of activity based on the overall
importance of the section. Overall importance of the
section is determined on the basis of highway class,
political importance of the section and importance of
the section to community etc.
Thus, the strategy proposes
that first sections which are more critical for
maintenance needs to be selected. The strategy
identifies to select sections using minimal data.
Further, strategy proposes that the sections identified
in stage I needs to be evaluated n more details so
that the various maintenance activities to be carried
out on these sections can be prioritized. Thus, the
proposed strategy will be more economical as details
studies needs not to be carried out on all sections.
The strategy to determine priority for stage I and
stage II are briefly explained in sub Section 2.1 and
sub section 2.2 as follows. However, for more
details literature [Choudhary, 2011] can be refereed.
2.1 Strategy to determine maintenance priority of
Pavement section (Stage-I)
The Strategy to determine maintenance
priority of highway section suggests determining
priority index of various sections (PIs) as follows:
………Eq. 1.1 Where:-
PIs = Priority Index of Section
PHCI = Present Highway Condition Index
FHCI = Future Highway Condition Index
OHII = Overall Highway Importance Index
Now, how to determine various terms required in
equation 3.1 are explained as follows:
Present Highway Condition Index:-
Future Highway Condition Index:-
Overall Highway Importance Index:-
….Eq. 1.2
Where:-
OHII = Overall Highway Importance Index
HCI = Highway Class Index
ICI = Importance of Community Index
IPI = Political Importance Index
Highway Class Index:-
Importance of Community Index:-
Political Importance Index:-
Objective of Stage-I is to develop the Maintenance
Strategy for Highway Section.
To illustrate the methodology and to illustrate how
methodology works, six Different Types of cases
were analyzed and details of analysis and results
obtained are presented in [Choudhary, 2011]
A Strategy to determine priority of Maintenance
Activities to be carried out on Different highway
sections (Stage-II)
The Strategy to determine maintenance priority of
various activities to be carried out on highway
section (PIas) is presented as follows:
…Eq.
1.3
Where:-
PIas = Priority Index of activity at that Section
PIas = Wac * Wscd * CIsd * Wd * PIs
IPI = _____Political Importance at the section_____
Maximum Political Importance at any section
ICI = ___Community Importance at that section_____
Maximum Community Importance at any section
HCI = _____Traffic at the section_____
Maximum Traffic at any section
OHII = 0.22HCI + 0.14 ICI +0.07 IPI
PHCI = ____ Future Roughness at the section_____
Maximum Future Roughness at any section
PHCI = Present Roughness at the section .
Maximum Present Roughness at any section
PIs = 0.35 PHCI + 0.22 FHCI +0.43 OHII
3. Sandeep Choudhary, Dr. P. K. Agarwal / International Journal of Engineering Research and
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Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.054-060
56 | P a g e
Wac = Weightage of activity in improving Distress
condition
Ws
cd = Weightage of Component C in Improving
Distress Condition D
EX: (Weightage of Distorted surface in improving
Structural Condition)
CIs
d = Condition Index of Distress D at a section
S
Wd =Weightage of the Distress Condition
PIs = Priority Index of Section
Now, how to determine various terms required in
equation 1.3 are explained as follows:
PDCI consists of three indices are Present Fractured
Surface Index (PFSI), Present Distorted Surface
Index (PDTSI), Present Disintegrated Surface Index
(PDISI).
Now the previous equation will be:-
Where:-
PFSI = Present Fractured Surface Index
FFSI = Future Fractured Surface Index
PDTSI = Present Distorted Surface index
FDTSI = Future Distorted Surface index
PDISI = Present Disintegration Surface
index
FDISI = Future Disintegration Surface
index
PSCI = Present structural condition index
FSCI = Future structural condition index
2.3 Methodology for Prediction of future highway
condition:-
Prediction of future highway condition
based on the pavement performance data collected
from existing pavement section. Model has been
developed to predict initiation and progression of
cracks, rutting, pothole, raveling and structural
condition. Empirical model have developed to
predict the growth of unevenness.
Empirical modal for prediction of future highway
condition are:-
FFSI: - Cracking Progression Modal
FDSI: - Roughness Progression Modal
FDISI: - Pot holes Progression Modal
FSCI: - Deflection Progression Modal
(1).FFSI: Cracking progression modal: -
Where:-
CSALYR = Cumulative standard axle per year
(millions) MSN = Modified structural number
MSN = 3.28 (DEF) -0.23
ΔCRt = Percentage change in crack area over
time (t) in year (%)
SCRi = Initial cracking area (%)
T = Time interval (year)
(2).FDSI: Roughness progression modal: -
Where:-
UIt = Roughness Progression
iUI = Initial Roughness
Nt = Cumulative standard axle per year
(millions)
DEF0 = Initial Deflection, in mm
Age = Age of the pavement
(3). FDISI: -RAVELLING PROGRESSION
MODAL:-
Where:-
RVt = Raveling at time t (%)
AXLEYR = No. of Vehicle axle per year
(million)
SRVi = Initial Raveling (%
(4).FSCI: DEFLECTION PROGRESSION
MODAL:-
Where:-
iDEF = Initial Deflection(mm)
Dt = Corrected Characteristic rebound deflection
(mm)
at any time t
Nt = Cumulative standard axle per year
(millions)
Age = Age of the pavement
iDEF Range(mm) Model Form
0.44<iDEF<0.61 Dt=iDEF+0.07884[(Nt*Age)iDEF]
0.66<iDEF<0.80 Dt=iDEF+0.002exp[(iDEF*Nt)iDEF]+0.859(Age)
0.84<iDEF<1.05 Dt=IDEF +0.04513(expNt)0.45
+0.0924(expAge)log iDEF
1.01<iDEF<1.25 Dt=iDEF+0.03658[exp(iDEF*Nt]0.5
+0.19864(Age)0.26
RVt = 3.94 AXLEYR 0.32
* SRVi
0.46
ti
UIt = iUI [1 + 0.3012 (Nt * DEF0)
0.08 Age
ΔCRt = 4.26 [CSALYR] 0.56
* SCRi0.32
ti MSn
PIas = [Wac Ws
fs (PFSI) Wd PIs] + [Wac Ws
fs
(FFSI) Wd PIs] + [Wac Ws
dts (PDTSI) Wd
PIs] + [Wac Ws
dts (FDTSI) Wd PIs] + [Wac
Ws
dis (PDISI) Wd PIs] + [Wac Ws
dis (FDISI)
Wd PIs] + [Wac Ws
cd (PSCI) Wd PIs] + [Wac
Ws
cd (FSCI) Wd PIs]
4. Sandeep Choudhary, Dr. P. K. Agarwal / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.054-060
57 | P a g e
To illustrate the methodology and to illustrate how
methodology works, five different types of cases
were analyzed and details of analysis and results
obtained are presented in [Choudhary, 2011]
III. Analysis and Results
To illustrate the methodology and to
illustrate how the proposed methodology works,
detailed analysis were carried out. As explained
earlier, the strategy consists of the following two
stages:
Stage –I: Strategy to determine maintenance
priority of highway section
Stage II: Strategy to determine priority of
Maintenance Activities to be carried out on Different
highway sections
This section presents the analysis and results for
these two stages. Section 3.1 presents the analysis
and results for stage-I and section 3.2 presents the
analysis and results for stage-II
3.1 Analysis & Results for Stage-I- Strategy to
Determine Maintenance Priority of Highway
Sections
As discussed in Section 2, stage–I determines the
maintenance priority of highway section. To
illustrate the methodology and to illustrate how the
proposed methodology for stage –I works, detailed
analysis were carried out. Six different cases were
analyzed. A hypothetical network consists of 4
highway sections were assumed. Details of different
cases considered, input data and analysis results for
each case is presented elsewhere [Choudhary, 2011].
However, analysis & results of a typical case is
presented as follows. Table 1.1 presents the input
data used for the analysis.
Table1.1: Input data: Details of Road Section
The above data were analyzed to determine the
various indices. These indices are determined as per
the methodology explained. The analysis results and
the values obtained are given in Table 1.2.
Table 1.2: Analysis Results for determination of
condition indices, PIS & Rank
These indices were used to determine maintenance
priority of different section i.e. PIs. After
determining PIAS various sections were ranked in
the order of their PIs. PIs values and Rank of various
sections are also given in Table 1.2. Further, the PIs
obtained for different sections are also plotted with
respect to Highway Condition & Overall Highway
Importance. Fig 1.1 presents the maintenance
priority of section with their respective Highway
Condition & Highway Importance. Ranks obtained
for different section are also shown in the Fig 1.1. It
is clear from the Fig 1.1 that Section S2 gets highest
Priority for maintenance. S2 section is having
Highest Present Roughness and highest Future
Roughness and Section 2 also having highest
highway Class (Traffic).
PIs V/s Section
Fig 1.1: Variation of PIs for different highway
sections
3.2 Analysis & Results for Stage-II: Strategy to
Determine Priority of Maintenance Activities to
be carried out on Different highway sections
As discussed in section 2, stage–II determines the
maintenance priority of maintenance activity. To
Highway
Designation
Highway
ClassIndex
Importance
Ofcommunity
IndexPolitical
Importanceindex
PresentHighway
ConditionIndex
FutureHighway
ConditionIndex
OverallHighway
ImportanceIndex
Priority
IndexofSection
Rank
HC
I
ICI ICI PHCI FHCI OHI
I
PIS
S1 1 1 1 0.488 0.488 0.43 0.463 3
S2 1 1 1 0.249 0.249 0.43 0.327 4
S3 1 1 1 0.695 0.695 0.43 0.581 2
S4 1 1 1 1.000 1.000 0.43 0.755 1
S.No.
HighwayDesignation
Overall Highway
Condition
Overall Highway
Importance
PresentHighway
Condition
(Roughness)
mm/km
FutureHighway
Condition
(Roughness)
mm/km
HighwayClass
Traffic
(CVPD)
Importantplaces
connected
Political
Importance
1 S1 658 1019.37 2338 0.4 0.5
2 S2 1350 2125.87 4125 0.9 0.7
3 S3 938 1469.37 3445 0.6 0.8
4 S4 368 567.21 1952 0.3 0.2
5. Sandeep Choudhary, Dr. P. K. Agarwal / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.054-060
58 | P a g e
illustrate the methodology and to illustrate how the
proposed methodology for stage –II works, detailed
analysis were carried out. Five different cases were
analyzed. A hypothetical network consists of 4
highway sections were assumed. Details of different
cases considered, input data and analysis results for
each case is presented elsewhere [Choudhary, 2011].
Table 1.3 presents the input data used for the
analysis.
Table 1.3: Input data Details of Road Section
Activities
PFS
(m)
PDTS
(m)
PDIS
(m)
PSC
(mm)
FFS
(m)
FDTS
(m)
FDIS
(m)
FSC
(mm)
m2
m2
m2
m2
m2
m2
m
m
S1
352
658.7
504
1.84
509.06
876.34
821.55
2.06
S
2
280
335.6
430
0.78
417.97
437.64
720.83
0.88
S
3
473
1350
931
1.43
630.51
1792.79
1146.93
1.65
S
4
560
953
735
1.75
744.75
1275.04
1086.52
2.12
The above data were analyzed to determine the
various indices. These indices are determined as per
the methodology explained. The analysis results and
the values obtained are given in table 1.4
These indices were used to determine maintenance
priority of Activities. PIAs. PIAS values and Rank of
various sections are also given in Table 1.4. Further,
the PIAS obtained for different sections are also
plotted with respect to Structural Condition. Fig 1.2
presents the maintenance priority of Activity with
their respective Structural Conduction. . Ranks
obtained for different activity are also shown in the
Fig 1.2. It is clear form the Fig 1.2 that activity of
Higher Weightage on section with highest Poor
Condition gets highest priority for maintenance
TABLE 1.4: ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR CASE II-E
DETERMINATION OF CONDITION INDICES, PIAS &
RANK
Sections
Activitie
s
Wac
Ws
cd
Wd
Traffic
Calculat
edPIAS
Rank
S1
A11
0.2
0.02
28
0.01
14
2338
PI11
0.00
10
14
A12
0.25
0.0513
0.0285
2338
PI12
0.0029
12
A13
0.25
0.0912
0.057
2338
PI13
0.0061
9
A14
0.3
0.1881
0.1197
2338
PI14
0.0221
3
S2
A21
0.2
0.0228
0.0114
1952
PI21
0.0005
16
A22
0.25
0.0513
0.0285
1952
PI22
0.0009
15
A23
0.25
0.0912
0.057
1952
PI23
0.0034
11
A24
0.3
0.18
81
0.11
97
1952
I24
0.00
61
8
S3
A31
0.2
0.02
28
0.01
14
274
5
PI31
0.00
26
13
A32
0.2
5
0.0
51
3
0.0
28
5
27
45
PI3
2
0.0
11
07
A33
0.25
0.091
2
0.057
2745
PI33
0.019
3
5
A34
0.3
0.1881
0.1197
2745
PI34
0.0328
2
S4
A41
0.2
0.022
8
0.011
4
3256
PI41
0.005
2
10
A42
0.25
0.0513
0.0285
3256
PI42
0.0133
6
A43
0.25
0.0912
0.057
3256
PI43
0.0277
4
A44
0.3
0.1881
0.1197
3256
PI44
0.0398
1
6. Sandeep Choudhary, Dr. P. K. Agarwal / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.054-060
59 | P a g e
Fig 1.2: Variation of PIAS of Activity for different
highway sections
IV. Strategy for Maintenance of Urban
Roads
The maintenance of urban roads has more specific
problems. Some of the specific problems are
identified as follows [Nagabhushana, 2010]:
Temperature of mix goes down due to
transportation of mix from long leads, which is
turn result in poor compaction.
Quality control at plant at a distance form laying
site is difficult.
Tendency of overheating causes sharp decrease
in durability of mix.
Repeated overlaying by thicker layer of hot
mixes causes severe drainage problems.
Cooking of mastic asphalt for 3-4 hours in
cookers is another serious cause of
environmental pollution in habitat areas.
Bituminous produced and available is deficient
with respect to its chemical composition
Wide variation in daily and seasonal
temperature in urban roads
Inadequate drainage condition in many of the
roads
Poor adhesion of bitumen with aggregate due to
higher stripping value of the aggregates
available for use
Fast ageing of the bituminous mix during
processing , laying as well as in service cause
early cracking bitumen surfacing
Thus, there is an urgent need to evolve innovative
strategy for maintenance of pavement of urban
roads. The strategy should be to technically feasible
and economical. In view of the above problems, the
following types of cement concrete overlays may be
adopted:
Dry lean concrete
Roller compacted cement concrete
Cement concrete for PQC
Ultrathin overlay
The use of cement concrete technologies in place of
bituminous technologies for urban roads has the
following advantages:
Higher durability
Cost effectiveness.
Frequent intervention for maintenance not
required
Poor drainage Conditions in urban roads causing
frequent damage of bituminous road
Suitable for heavy and slow moving traffic in
urban area
Thus, there is an urgent need to develop an
appropriate pavement management system for rigid
pavement for urban roads in India [Choudhary,
2011]
V. Conclusions
The following important conclusions may be made
based on this study:
[1] The strategy proposes that first pavement
sections which are more critical for maintenance
needs to be selected. The strategy identifies to
select such pavement sections using minimal
data. Further, strategy proposes that the sections
identified in stage I needs to be evaluated in more
details so that the various maintenance activities
to be carried out on these sections can be
prioritized. Thus, the proposed strategy will be
more economical as detailed studies needs not to
be carried out on all sections.
[2] It can be concluded from the above study that
proposed strategy priorities the pavement section
on more important section as well as more
important distress i.e. section will get higher
priority if it is to be carried out on more
important section as well as for more important
distress. Therefore the proposed methodology is
considered to be more rational and logical
7. Sandeep Choudhary, Dr. P. K. Agarwal / International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www.ijera.com
Vol. 3, Issue 3, May-Jun 2013, pp.054-060
60 | P a g e
[3] It can be concluded from proposed methodology
for priorities the Activity on more important
section as well as more important distress i.e.
Activity will get higher priority and if it is to be
carried out on more important pavement section
as well as for more important distress. Therefore
the proposed methodology is considered to be
more rational and logical.
[4] The maintenance of urban roads has more
specific problems. The use of cement concrete
technologies in place of bituminous technologies
has the several advantages such as higher
durability and cost effectiveness.
This study presents a simple (easy to use) strategy
for maintenance of pavement in a huge highway
network. This proposed methodology is less time
consuming simple and cost effective and can be
executed with minimal data and those can be
obtained easily and economically from each section
of a highway network
References
1) Agarwal, P.K.,“Road Condition,
Prioritization and optimal resource
allocation for Highway Maintenance at
Network Level”, Ph. D. thesis, Department
of Civil Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur,
2006.
2) Choudhary, S. “An Innovative Strategy for
Highway Maintenance in India” M.Tech
Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering
MANIT, Bhopal, 2011 (thesis submitted).
3) G. Shailendra and Veeraragavan, . A.,
“Quantification of benefits of Improved
Pavement performance due to Good
Drainage,” IRC Journal Volume. 71-
1January March 2010
4) IRC: 82-1982 “Code of Practice for
Maintenance of Bituminous Surfaces of
Highway”, Indian Road Congress, New
Delhi.
5) Jain, S.S., Gupta A.K. and Khanna, S.K.,
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ARRB Conference, Australia,
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Flexible Pavements”, IRC Journal Volume
57-2, in june-1996
7) Jain, S.S. and Gupta, A.K & Rastogi
Sanjeev, “Study of influencing Parameters
for Efficient Maintenance Management of
Flexible Pavements”, Paper No. 411, IRC
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8) Khanna, S.K., and Justo, C.E.G., (1993),
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Bros, 7th
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9) Nagabhushana, M.N., Jain, P.K.,
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10) Puare S., “An Development of Pavement
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Bhopal, 2011 (thesis submitted).
11) Reddy, Sathees Kumar, Veeraragavan,
C.V., “Pragmatic Approach for the
Maintenance Management of Rural
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