The document summarizes a presentation on building biotechnology for a knowledge-based bioeconomy in North-West Himalayan states. It discusses the status and challenges of agriculture in Jammu and Kashmir including shrinking land resources and climate change impacts. It promotes a bioeconomy approach using biotechnology, nanotechnology, and bioinformatics to sustainably manage biological resources and develop new products. It outlines initiatives at SKUAST-Kashmir on cloning goats, identifying genes for cold tolerance in pashmina goats and camels, developing biopesticides and biofertilizers, and more. The presentation aims to prioritize further research on biotechnology applications for the region's development.
Building Biotechnology for a Knowledge-based Bioeconomy
Brain Storming Session
Prioritization of Research for
Development of N-W Himalyan States
12-13 July 2013, GBPUAST Pantnagar
This document summarizes research on crop rotations in Iowa. A 2-year corn-soybean rotation is compared to 3-year and 4-year rotations that include oats, red clover, and alfalfa. The longer rotations require more labor but use 86-96% less nitrogen fertilizer and 97% less herbicide. Soil quality improves with longer rotations, which also have similar or higher yields compared to the 2-year system. Integrating livestock through manure application provides nitrogen to the crops and improves the economics and environmental sustainability of the farming system.
Abdul GHAFOOR discusses the potential of plant genetic resources for sustainable agriculture in a changing climate. The document outlines strategies and management approaches. As the global population grows, climate change poses challenges to food security through increasing temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and more frequent extreme weather events. Plant genetic resources and crop wild relatives are critical for developing climate-resilient crop varieties but many are threatened or under-conserved. The document calls for integrated approaches utilizing plant genetic resources, community-based management, and international cooperation to address food insecurity exacerbated by climate change.
This document discusses crop genetic resources and genomic resources. It provides background on plant genetic resources, genetic diversity, genetic erosion, and conservation efforts. It then shifts to discussing genomic resources, including sequenced crop plant genomes and genomic tools. Examples of comparative and translational genomics are also presented. The document concludes with a case study on promoter analysis of the PDI gene in wheat and related species.
1) The document discusses the importance of plant genetic resources (PGR) in crop improvement and ensuring global food security. It highlights how PGR were crucial for the Green Revolution and remain important for addressing future challenges like climate change.
2) It provides an overview of the current status of biodiversity and challenges threatening it like population growth, pollution, and climate change. It also summarizes Pakistan's PGR conservation efforts and how they contribute to food security.
3) The document advocates for an integrated approach utilizing PGR, including crop wild relatives in genebanks, to develop climate-resilient varieties through techniques like molecular mapping and genetic engineering. International cooperation on PGR is also emphasized.
The role of ex situ crop diversity conservation in adaptation to climate changeLuigi Guarino
Keynote delivered on behalf of Cary Fowler at international conference on Food Security and Climate Change in Dry Areas -- 1-4 February 2010 -- Amman, Jordan. Thanks to Colin Khoury for putting this together.
Building Biotechnology for a Knowledge-based Bioeconomy
Brain Storming Session
Prioritization of Research for
Development of N-W Himalyan States
12-13 July 2013, GBPUAST Pantnagar
This document summarizes research on crop rotations in Iowa. A 2-year corn-soybean rotation is compared to 3-year and 4-year rotations that include oats, red clover, and alfalfa. The longer rotations require more labor but use 86-96% less nitrogen fertilizer and 97% less herbicide. Soil quality improves with longer rotations, which also have similar or higher yields compared to the 2-year system. Integrating livestock through manure application provides nitrogen to the crops and improves the economics and environmental sustainability of the farming system.
Abdul GHAFOOR discusses the potential of plant genetic resources for sustainable agriculture in a changing climate. The document outlines strategies and management approaches. As the global population grows, climate change poses challenges to food security through increasing temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and more frequent extreme weather events. Plant genetic resources and crop wild relatives are critical for developing climate-resilient crop varieties but many are threatened or under-conserved. The document calls for integrated approaches utilizing plant genetic resources, community-based management, and international cooperation to address food insecurity exacerbated by climate change.
This document discusses crop genetic resources and genomic resources. It provides background on plant genetic resources, genetic diversity, genetic erosion, and conservation efforts. It then shifts to discussing genomic resources, including sequenced crop plant genomes and genomic tools. Examples of comparative and translational genomics are also presented. The document concludes with a case study on promoter analysis of the PDI gene in wheat and related species.
1) The document discusses the importance of plant genetic resources (PGR) in crop improvement and ensuring global food security. It highlights how PGR were crucial for the Green Revolution and remain important for addressing future challenges like climate change.
2) It provides an overview of the current status of biodiversity and challenges threatening it like population growth, pollution, and climate change. It also summarizes Pakistan's PGR conservation efforts and how they contribute to food security.
3) The document advocates for an integrated approach utilizing PGR, including crop wild relatives in genebanks, to develop climate-resilient varieties through techniques like molecular mapping and genetic engineering. International cooperation on PGR is also emphasized.
The role of ex situ crop diversity conservation in adaptation to climate changeLuigi Guarino
Keynote delivered on behalf of Cary Fowler at international conference on Food Security and Climate Change in Dry Areas -- 1-4 February 2010 -- Amman, Jordan. Thanks to Colin Khoury for putting this together.
Field Visit Observation Prepared and presented by
Meaza Melkamu (grouped with Birehanu and Sileshi)
ACT, Policy and Strategy Adviser
February 28, 2020
Hawassa, Ethiopia
Researchers in India evaluated the impacts of different water management practices during the post-vegetative stage of rice cultivation using conventional methods and the System of Rice Intensification (SRI). They found that maintaining shallow flooding or alternate wetting and drying increased grain yield and water productivity more under SRI compared to continuous flooding. SRI produced 58% higher yield and 91% greater water productivity using 16% less irrigation water through enhanced root growth and physiological functions. The study demonstrated that SRI methods can improve resource use efficiency and food security in a sustainable manner.
Prospects of super-early photo-insensitive pigeonpeaICRISAT
Pigeonpea is a protein-rich food legume that plays a crucial role in the food and nutritional security of smallholder farmers in the semi-arid regions of Asia and Eastern and Southern Africa. Photoperiod and temperature sensitivity of pigeonpea has restricted its expansion to wider latitudes and altitudes. Due to longer maturity duration the existing varieties are not suitable for diverse cropping systems and agro-ecologies. But this need not be the case anymore.
Organic grain cropping systems aim to improve soil quality, nutrient cycling and pest management through practices like crop rotations, cover crops and selecting adapted crop varieties. Research shows organic systems can increase ecosystem services like soil carbon sequestration compared to conventional no-till systems. Cover crops play an important role by suppressing weeds, improving soil fertility and potentially increasing crop yields. Mixtures of cover crop species are particularly beneficial as they make more complete use of soil nutrients and space. Organic systems face challenges like increased weed pressure initially, so cultural practices and competitive crop varieties are important for weed management. More long-term research is still needed to fully understand the sustainability and impacts of organic grain cropping systems.
Organic grain cropping systems aim to improve soil quality, nutrient cycling, and pest management through practices like crop rotations, cover crops, and integrating livestock. Research shows organic systems can increase soil carbon sequestration, nitrogen fertility, and some ecosystem services compared to conventional no-till systems. Effective weed management in organic systems relies on cultural practices, like competitive crop varieties and cover crops, rather than herbicides. Cover crop mixtures may provide greater benefits than individual species by utilizing resources more completely and suppressing weeds through allelopathy. Further research is still needed to fully understand long-term impacts and ensure organic grain production remains sustainable.
Field crops breeding for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses: achieveme...ICARDA
11-14 February 2019. Jodhpur, India. The 13th International Conference on Dryland Development
Presentation of Michael Baum, Director Biodiversity & Crop Improvement Program Jodhpur, India
The Climate Food and Farming (CLIFF) Research Network is an international research network that helps to expand young researchers' knowledge and experience working on climate change mitigation in smallholder farming. CLIFF provides grants for selected doctoral students to work with CGIAR researchers affiliated with the Standard Assessment of Mitigation Potential and Livelihoods in Smallholder Systems (SAMPLES) project.
This presentation is entitled System of Rice Intensification with Intercropping by Tavseef Mairaj Shah, a scientist with the Institute of Wastewater Management and Water Protection Hamburg University of Technology.
Innovations built on traditional knowledge and modern technology for sustaina...ICARDA
11-14 February 2019. Jodhpur, India. The 13th International Conference on Dryland Development, with the theme "Converting Dryland Areas from Grey into Green", is organized by IDDC (International Dryland Development Commission) and the Arid Zone Research Association of India (AZRAI) and hosted by the ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI).
11 February 2019. Presentation by: A. Abousabaa, C. Biradar, S. Kumar, V. Nangia, A. Sarker and J. Wery
B4FA 2012 Ghana: Plant Genetic Resources in Ghana - Lawrence Aboagyeb4fa
Presentation by Lawrence Aboagye, Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, Bunso, Ghana
Delivered at the B4FA Media Dialogue Workshop, Accra, Ghana - September 2012
www.b4fa.org
Norman Uphoff presented on improving food production in a water-constrained world through agroecological practices like the System of Rice Intensification (SRI). SRI has led to higher rice yields with less water, fewer inputs, and more resilience to stresses. It has now spread to over 50 countries and is being adapted for other crops. SRI achieves more productive plant phenotypes through improved soil conditions and plant establishment techniques. Trials in several countries found SRI uses 22-35% less water but yields are typically 11-25% higher. SRI also reduces costs, increases profits, and has environmental benefits like less greenhouse gas emissions and groundwater pollution. Uphoff argues SRI shows farmers can meet
Developing and Delivering Zinc Wheat: The Role of Wheat in Reducing Hidden Hu...CIMMYT
Presentation delivered by Dr. Wolfgang Pfeiffer (HarvestPlus, Colombia) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
This document discusses a study on the characterization of linseed genotypes. Some key points:
- 52 linseed genotypes were evaluated for morphological and biochemical traits including days to flowering, plant height, seed yield, fatty acid composition, and oil content.
- Analysis of variance revealed genetic variability among genotypes for all traits. High heritability and genetic advance was observed for traits like seed yield and 1000 seed weight.
- Genotypes were grouped into 8 clusters based on D2 analysis, with the largest cluster containing 19 genotypes. Days to flowering was the greatest contributor to genetic divergence.
- Correlation analysis showed yield had a strong positive association with number of branches per plant. Path analysis identified branches, 1000 seed
This study evaluated 12 vegetable pigeon pea cultivars across two locations in eastern Kenya to identify high-yielding cultivars under both rain-fed and supplemental irrigation conditions. Growth parameters such as days to flowering, plant height, branch numbers, and pod size were measured. Significant differences were found among cultivars for time to flowering and maturity. Plant growth and pod characteristics were generally enhanced with supplemental irrigation. Positive correlations between pod number and yield indicated pod number can be used as a predictor of yield potential. Several cultivars were identified as high-yielding under rain-fed conditions, and others performed best with supplemental water. The cultivars KAT 60/8, ICEAP 00068, ICEAP
This document summarizes a project aimed at enhancing the resilience of Indian agriculture to climate variability and change. The objectives are to develop improved production and risk management technologies, demonstrate site-specific technology packages on farmers' fields, and build capacity on climate-resilient agriculture. The project has four components: strategic research, technology demonstrations, competitive research grants, and capacity building. Some highlights include vulnerability assessments, heat/drought-tolerant varieties, and greenhouse gas monitoring. The project is implemented across 131 districts involving over 100,000 farm families.
Presented by: Norman Uphoff, CIIFAD, Cornell University, USA
Presented at: International Conference on Sustainable Development in the Context of Climate Change- Asian Institute of Technology
Presented on: September 24, 2009
Speed breeding allows for rapid generation advancement by growing plants continuously under prolonged lighting to accelerate their life cycle. This reduces the time needed for plant breeding from 5-10 years to just 2 years. Speed breeding relies on intensive lighting regimes in greenhouses or growth chambers to create day-long photoperiods. A variety of crops like wheat, rice and tomato have been successfully bred using speed breeding. It provides benefits like faster variety development and more flexible breeding while reducing costs. Speed breeding can be integrated with other technologies like marker-assisted selection to further enhance genetic gains.
" Harnessing agricultural biotechnology for resilience to climate change: A l...ExternalEvents
" Harnessing agricultural biotechnology for resilience to
climate change: A lesson from water efficient maize for Africa
project" presentation by Yoseph Beyene, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
Enhancing Global Food Resources: CGIAR Strategy and its future Portfolio of P...CGIAR
Presented to the Second International Forum on Global Food Resources, 5-6 October 2016, Hokkaido University.
By Peter Gardiner, CGIAR System Management Office, France
Field Visit Observation Prepared and presented by
Meaza Melkamu (grouped with Birehanu and Sileshi)
ACT, Policy and Strategy Adviser
February 28, 2020
Hawassa, Ethiopia
Researchers in India evaluated the impacts of different water management practices during the post-vegetative stage of rice cultivation using conventional methods and the System of Rice Intensification (SRI). They found that maintaining shallow flooding or alternate wetting and drying increased grain yield and water productivity more under SRI compared to continuous flooding. SRI produced 58% higher yield and 91% greater water productivity using 16% less irrigation water through enhanced root growth and physiological functions. The study demonstrated that SRI methods can improve resource use efficiency and food security in a sustainable manner.
Prospects of super-early photo-insensitive pigeonpeaICRISAT
Pigeonpea is a protein-rich food legume that plays a crucial role in the food and nutritional security of smallholder farmers in the semi-arid regions of Asia and Eastern and Southern Africa. Photoperiod and temperature sensitivity of pigeonpea has restricted its expansion to wider latitudes and altitudes. Due to longer maturity duration the existing varieties are not suitable for diverse cropping systems and agro-ecologies. But this need not be the case anymore.
Organic grain cropping systems aim to improve soil quality, nutrient cycling and pest management through practices like crop rotations, cover crops and selecting adapted crop varieties. Research shows organic systems can increase ecosystem services like soil carbon sequestration compared to conventional no-till systems. Cover crops play an important role by suppressing weeds, improving soil fertility and potentially increasing crop yields. Mixtures of cover crop species are particularly beneficial as they make more complete use of soil nutrients and space. Organic systems face challenges like increased weed pressure initially, so cultural practices and competitive crop varieties are important for weed management. More long-term research is still needed to fully understand the sustainability and impacts of organic grain cropping systems.
Organic grain cropping systems aim to improve soil quality, nutrient cycling, and pest management through practices like crop rotations, cover crops, and integrating livestock. Research shows organic systems can increase soil carbon sequestration, nitrogen fertility, and some ecosystem services compared to conventional no-till systems. Effective weed management in organic systems relies on cultural practices, like competitive crop varieties and cover crops, rather than herbicides. Cover crop mixtures may provide greater benefits than individual species by utilizing resources more completely and suppressing weeds through allelopathy. Further research is still needed to fully understand long-term impacts and ensure organic grain production remains sustainable.
Field crops breeding for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses: achieveme...ICARDA
11-14 February 2019. Jodhpur, India. The 13th International Conference on Dryland Development
Presentation of Michael Baum, Director Biodiversity & Crop Improvement Program Jodhpur, India
The Climate Food and Farming (CLIFF) Research Network is an international research network that helps to expand young researchers' knowledge and experience working on climate change mitigation in smallholder farming. CLIFF provides grants for selected doctoral students to work with CGIAR researchers affiliated with the Standard Assessment of Mitigation Potential and Livelihoods in Smallholder Systems (SAMPLES) project.
This presentation is entitled System of Rice Intensification with Intercropping by Tavseef Mairaj Shah, a scientist with the Institute of Wastewater Management and Water Protection Hamburg University of Technology.
Innovations built on traditional knowledge and modern technology for sustaina...ICARDA
11-14 February 2019. Jodhpur, India. The 13th International Conference on Dryland Development, with the theme "Converting Dryland Areas from Grey into Green", is organized by IDDC (International Dryland Development Commission) and the Arid Zone Research Association of India (AZRAI) and hosted by the ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI).
11 February 2019. Presentation by: A. Abousabaa, C. Biradar, S. Kumar, V. Nangia, A. Sarker and J. Wery
B4FA 2012 Ghana: Plant Genetic Resources in Ghana - Lawrence Aboagyeb4fa
Presentation by Lawrence Aboagye, Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, Bunso, Ghana
Delivered at the B4FA Media Dialogue Workshop, Accra, Ghana - September 2012
www.b4fa.org
Norman Uphoff presented on improving food production in a water-constrained world through agroecological practices like the System of Rice Intensification (SRI). SRI has led to higher rice yields with less water, fewer inputs, and more resilience to stresses. It has now spread to over 50 countries and is being adapted for other crops. SRI achieves more productive plant phenotypes through improved soil conditions and plant establishment techniques. Trials in several countries found SRI uses 22-35% less water but yields are typically 11-25% higher. SRI also reduces costs, increases profits, and has environmental benefits like less greenhouse gas emissions and groundwater pollution. Uphoff argues SRI shows farmers can meet
Developing and Delivering Zinc Wheat: The Role of Wheat in Reducing Hidden Hu...CIMMYT
Presentation delivered by Dr. Wolfgang Pfeiffer (HarvestPlus, Colombia) at Borlaug Summit on Wheat for Food Security. March 25 - 28, 2014, Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.
http://www.borlaug100.org
This document discusses a study on the characterization of linseed genotypes. Some key points:
- 52 linseed genotypes were evaluated for morphological and biochemical traits including days to flowering, plant height, seed yield, fatty acid composition, and oil content.
- Analysis of variance revealed genetic variability among genotypes for all traits. High heritability and genetic advance was observed for traits like seed yield and 1000 seed weight.
- Genotypes were grouped into 8 clusters based on D2 analysis, with the largest cluster containing 19 genotypes. Days to flowering was the greatest contributor to genetic divergence.
- Correlation analysis showed yield had a strong positive association with number of branches per plant. Path analysis identified branches, 1000 seed
This study evaluated 12 vegetable pigeon pea cultivars across two locations in eastern Kenya to identify high-yielding cultivars under both rain-fed and supplemental irrigation conditions. Growth parameters such as days to flowering, plant height, branch numbers, and pod size were measured. Significant differences were found among cultivars for time to flowering and maturity. Plant growth and pod characteristics were generally enhanced with supplemental irrigation. Positive correlations between pod number and yield indicated pod number can be used as a predictor of yield potential. Several cultivars were identified as high-yielding under rain-fed conditions, and others performed best with supplemental water. The cultivars KAT 60/8, ICEAP 00068, ICEAP
This document summarizes a project aimed at enhancing the resilience of Indian agriculture to climate variability and change. The objectives are to develop improved production and risk management technologies, demonstrate site-specific technology packages on farmers' fields, and build capacity on climate-resilient agriculture. The project has four components: strategic research, technology demonstrations, competitive research grants, and capacity building. Some highlights include vulnerability assessments, heat/drought-tolerant varieties, and greenhouse gas monitoring. The project is implemented across 131 districts involving over 100,000 farm families.
Presented by: Norman Uphoff, CIIFAD, Cornell University, USA
Presented at: International Conference on Sustainable Development in the Context of Climate Change- Asian Institute of Technology
Presented on: September 24, 2009
Speed breeding allows for rapid generation advancement by growing plants continuously under prolonged lighting to accelerate their life cycle. This reduces the time needed for plant breeding from 5-10 years to just 2 years. Speed breeding relies on intensive lighting regimes in greenhouses or growth chambers to create day-long photoperiods. A variety of crops like wheat, rice and tomato have been successfully bred using speed breeding. It provides benefits like faster variety development and more flexible breeding while reducing costs. Speed breeding can be integrated with other technologies like marker-assisted selection to further enhance genetic gains.
" Harnessing agricultural biotechnology for resilience to climate change: A l...ExternalEvents
" Harnessing agricultural biotechnology for resilience to
climate change: A lesson from water efficient maize for Africa
project" presentation by Yoseph Beyene, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
Enhancing Global Food Resources: CGIAR Strategy and its future Portfolio of P...CGIAR
Presented to the Second International Forum on Global Food Resources, 5-6 October 2016, Hokkaido University.
By Peter Gardiner, CGIAR System Management Office, France
Creating Shared Value for Rice in Latin America and the CaribbeanCIAT
The document summarizes rice research at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) in Latin America and the Caribbean. It notes that rice is a staple crop in the region and demand is growing, but production faces challenges from climate change, high fertilizer prices, and narrow genetic diversity. CIAT's rice program aims to develop eco-efficient rice varieties with higher yields, nutrient content, stress tolerance, and water/fertilizer efficiency to ensure food security through partnerships with other organizations in the region. The program will provide improved rice germplasm, broaden genetic resources, establish evaluation platforms, and transfer technologies to farmers to boost sustainable production.
This document discusses sustainable agriculture in India. It notes that while India's food grain production has increased fivefold since the Green Revolution, hunger and inefficiencies remain. It then discusses India's status as a major global producer of many foods, as well as ongoing challenges like low yields, water scarcity, and post-harvest losses. The document advocates for policies and practices that conserve natural resources, use new technologies, and link farmers to information to promote more sustainable agricultural development in India.
Sustainability developments in big agricultureCari Rincker
Big Ag refers to major segments of the agriculture industry rather than farms of a certain size. Sustainable agriculture aims to satisfy food needs, enhance the environment, efficiently use resources, support economic viability, and improve quality of life. Key aspects of sustainability in Big Ag include food security through efficient production, environmental conservation, use of new technologies, economic viability for farmers, and improving their quality of life. Contact information is provided for those interested in learning more.
Relevance and functionality of semi-natural grasslands in Europe: status quo ...salvere
Semi-natural grasslands (SNG) in Europe provide agricultural, biodiversity, and ecosystem services but their extent and conservation status is uncertain due to inconsistent definitions. SNG can support livestock production through forage production and quality, though output varies depending on plant and livestock species. Lambs grazing different SNG habitats produced meat with varying fatty acid profiles and quality attributes. SNG deliver provisioning, supporting, regulating, and cultural ecosystem services including food, nutrient cycling, climate regulation, and recreation. Their future role will depend on challenges like climate change, food security, and rural land use policies that influence agricultural management and conservation of these multi-functional landscapes.
Applications Of Biotechnology For Crop Improvement Prospects And ConstraintsAngela Shin
This document reviews the prospects and constraints of applying biotechnology for crop improvement. It discusses how biotechnology, including genetic engineering and genomics, can help meet increasing global food demand by developing crops with improved traits like disease resistance, drought tolerance, and nutritional quality. While biotechnology has great potential, ensuring biosafety and gaining public acceptance of genetically modified crops remain challenges. The review outlines various biotechnology applications for major crops and how techniques like genetic transformation and marker-assisted breeding can more rapidly introduce novel genes into elite varieties compared to conventional breeding. Overall, biotechnology is poised to play an important role in sustaining food production if its benefits are clearly communicated and technologies are responsibly developed and regulated.
Natural resource management approaches can help achieve sustainable development goals. These include watershed development projects that implement soil and water conservation techniques, improve water availability, and increase agricultural productivity. Watershed projects in India increased crop yields by 20-66%, benefited over 4.75 million farmers, and generated $353 million in net benefits. Other approaches include crop diversification, vegetable cultivation, fruit tree planting, and biofortification to address malnutrition. Integrating natural resource management, new technologies, and partnerships can significantly contribute to achieving development targets like ending poverty and hunger.
Agroecology provides sustainable solutions to pressures facing agriculture. It recognizes agriculture's multifunctional roles and facilitates progress toward equitable and sustainable development goals. Some key benefits of agroecological farming include increased resilience to climate change, improved health and nutrition, conservation of natural resources, economic stability, and social resilience. Studies show that agroecological methods can produce equal or greater yields than conventional methods, especially benefiting small farmers in developing countries. For example, the push-pull system used in Africa has tripled maize yields while reducing pesticide use and improving food security, income, and the environment.
Ensuring climate resilience of agro-ecosystems and sustainable management of ...ICARDA
Dr. Rachid MRABET
Research Director
INRA Rabat
Cop 22 - Session November 16th 2016, Coping with Climate Change in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region Meeting future food demand through SCIENCE & INNOVATION
“Pak-Agriculture outlook: Past, Present and Future”Anjum Ali Buttar
Pakistan's agriculture sector faces challenges from water scarcity and climate change. It relies heavily on irrigation but water availability is decreasing due to glacier melt and lower river flows. Climate change is also reducing crop yields and threatening food security. Adaptation measures are needed like new crop varieties, improved irrigation, and water harvesting. Priority research areas include developing climate data, crop modeling, carbon sequestration methods, and assessing climate change impacts on water resources, pests, and crop production. Immediate action and funding for adaptation strategies is critical to minimize the negative impacts of increasing heat, erratic weather, and less irrigation water on Pakistan's agriculture.
ICARDA Strategy 2017 – 2026 Building on 40 Years of Dryland ResearchICARDA
The new ICARDA Strategy 2017 – 2026 builds on forty years of past achievements, lessons learned and successful partnerships and investments at regional and global levels. The Strategy is aligned with the national development priorities of the countries we work in, the CGIAR Strategic Results Framework 2016-2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Agenda for 2030. The Strategy orients ICARDA’s research activities to find innovative and demand-driven solutions to guide sustainable development in drylands and to ensure that they have impact.
Dr. Swapan Kumar Datta discusses pulses research and development in India. 111 improved varieties of pulses have been developed along with 6000 demonstrations across the country. There is a need for pod borer resistant GM pigeon pea and chickpea. Lentils are a nutritious grain legume high in protein, carbohydrates, calcium, iron, and folates. Chickpea production in India is projected to increase from 18.5 mt currently to 28 mt by 2020-21 through yield increases of 8.6% annually. Challenges for pulses in India include declining area, low genetic yield potential, biotic and abiotic stresses, and post-harvest losses. The government has implemented several programs
Climate change and organic agri A Lecture By Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
This document discusses the challenges of sustainable agriculture and food security. It argues that intensive agriculture is unsustainable and degrades ecosystems. Organic agriculture is presented as a framework that can help address these issues in a holistic way. Studies show organic agriculture can increase yields and incomes in developing countries while protecting soils and biodiversity. The principles of organic farming, such as recycling and diversity, contribute to more sustainable and resilient agricultural systems.
This document discusses agriculture in Jammu and Kashmir. It provides a SWOT analysis, identifying strengths like diverse crops and cash crops, and challenges like a widening demand-supply gap and climate fragility. It outlines the contribution of different sectors to the economy and the land resources in J&K. It also discusses funding opportunities from various international and national agencies, including their schemes, programs and priority areas. Key points on writing successful grant proposals and scorecard principles for donor agencies are provided.
This document discusses the multi-dimensional challenges of future food and farming systems. It notes that food insecurity and the demand for food are increasing while natural resources are being unsustainably used. Intensive agriculture depends on high energy inputs but organic agriculture could mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change. The main challenge is to increase agricultural productivity in a sustainable manner. Organic principles may provide a framework for sustainable production by promoting soil health, biodiversity, and nutrient cycling.
This document discusses the multi-dimensional challenges of future food and farming systems. It notes that food insecurity and the demand for food are increasing while natural resources are being unsustainably used. Intensive agriculture depends on high energy inputs but organic agriculture could mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change. The main challenge is increasing agricultural productivity in a sustainable manner. Organic principles may provide a framework for sustainable food production by improving soil quality, biodiversity, and the livelihoods of small farmers. Further research is needed on agro-ecological practices, value chains, and how organic agriculture can contribute to development goals.
This document discusses the challenges of sustainable agriculture and the potential role of organic agriculture principles in addressing these challenges. It notes issues like food insecurity, unsustainable resource use, and the need to increase productivity while protecting the environment. Research findings are presented showing that organic agriculture can improve soil quality, biodiversity, and yields, especially in developing country contexts. Organic practices are found to be well-suited for small-scale farmers and conducive to food security goals. The document advocates applying organic principles more broadly as part of a holistic framework for sustainable agricultural development.
This document discusses the challenges of sustainable agriculture and the potential role of organic agriculture principles in addressing these challenges. It notes issues like food insecurity, unsustainable resource use, and the need to increase productivity while protecting the environment. Research findings are presented showing that organic agriculture can improve soil quality, biodiversity, and yields, especially in developing country contexts. Organic practices are found to be well-suited for small-scale farmers and conducive to food security goals. The document advocates applying organic principles more broadly as part of a holistic framework for sustainable agricultural development.
Similar to Development of North Western Himalyan states (20)
The document provides a project brief and achievements update for SKUAST-Kashmir under the IDP-NAHEP program. Key achievements include increasing student placement rates by 10%, faculty research effectiveness by 60%, establishing 11 facilitative units, signing 45 MoUs, adding/upgrading 89 courses, and generating over Rs. 63 crores in annual research grants. The program has also led to greater internationalization, with 56 students completing overseas training, 45 international MoUs signed, and 7 international students enrolled. Reforms have improved systems like HRM, and adoption of NEP-2020. Impact on alumni engagement and equity have also been significant.
This document discusses strategies for making agriculture in Jammu and Kashmir "future ready" through the adoption of new technologies. It notes that agriculture needs to change to keep up with population growth, climate change, and new technologies. The strategies proposed include developing skilled human capital trained in new technologies, establishing centers of excellence for areas like AI and precision agriculture, promoting innovation and entrepreneurship, and implementing proactive policies to support digital agriculture, organized markets, exports, and infrastructure development. The overall goal is to shift Jammu and Kashmir from being importers of agricultural goods to being competitive players in the global agricultural economy.
NISP SKUAST K tailored as SISP - a New policySKUASTKashmir
The document discusses the need for an Innovation and Startup Policy for SKUAST-K. It begins by providing background on national policies that aim to transform universities' roles from job seekers to job creators and from consumer-based to knowledge-based economies. It then outlines SKUAST-K's draft policy, highlighting key features such as creating an innovation pipeline, incentives for students and faculty, IP ownership rights, and performance assessment. The policy aims to develop an ecosystem that nurtures ideas into enterprises and supports the university's vision of becoming an innovation-led institution.
IFAD SKUASTK perspective . The project is now appovedSKUASTKashmir
The document discusses various interventions to improve competitiveness in agriculture and allied sectors in Jammu and Kashmir. It proposes developing fringe communities through clustering, skills training, and formation of farmer producer organizations. It also suggests creating a startup ecosystem through incubation centers, an agri-tech startup park, and vocational training institutes. Further interventions proposed include developing export hubs with quality certification infrastructure, and promoting agri-tourism. The overall goal is to transition J&K from subsistence to sustainable and profitable farming.
International education Fair _21-2-2023.pdfSKUASTKashmir
The document summarizes the opportunities for international students to study at SKUAST-Kashmir and SKUAST-Jammu. It highlights the universities' long history and tradition of education in Jammu and Kashmir dating back thousands of years. It promotes the universities' modern world-class education and research programs in agriculture and related fields. It describes the universities' facilities, collaboration opportunities, and welcoming climate and environment for international students.
Agriculture Roadmap Conference 18-19 July SKICC.pdfSKUASTKashmir
Rethinking Agriculture in J&K aims to transform Jammu and Kashmir's agriculture sector towards a knowledge-based, technology-driven and sustainable agri-economy. It discusses several reforms needed like developing human capital, conserving agricultural land, promoting secondary agriculture and building infrastructure. It emphasizes using smart technologies like precision farming and establishing centers of excellence for research and training. The document also highlights opportunities in high-value crops, medicinal plants, food processing, organic farming and livestock development to make J&K a model bio-economy state and contribute significantly to India's national economy and goals of self-reliance.
The document summarizes a workshop held at SKUAST-K on developing an innovation and startup policy for students and faculty in accordance with the National Innovation and Startup Policy for Higher Education Institutions (NISP-2019). The proposed SKUAST-K policy (SISP-2021) aims to create an ecosystem that supports ideas from conception to commercialization. Key elements of the draft policy include establishing an Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Startup Council, offering academic breaks and credits for student startups, incentivizing faculty innovation through APIs, and providing IP ownership, equity sharing and funding support for innovations developed within the university. The policy aims to promote SKUAST-K as an innovation-led
1) Artificial intelligence can help address challenges in Indian agriculture like food insecurity, environmental degradation, and small land holdings through monitoring crops and livestock, predictive analytics, decision making, and automation.
2) Initiatives in India are promoting the use of AI and digital technologies in agriculture through programs, research centers, and improved access to data and computing resources to boost yields, reduce losses, and improve farmer incomes and sustainability.
3) Examples from SKUAST-Kashmir demonstrate how AI and IoT applications are providing real-time decision support and automation to increase precision, efficiency and production for farmers in India.
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3. Globalizing Jammu and Kashmir's brand by establishing export hubs, strengthening certification processes, and promoting agri-tourism.
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Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Development of North Western Himalyan states
1. Building Biotechnology for a
Knowledge-based Bioeconomy
Brain Storming Session
Prioritization of Research for
Development of N-W Himalyan States
12-13 July 2013, GBPUAST Pantnagar
Dr Nazir A Ganai
Head, Division of Biotechnology
SKUAST-Kashmir
3. Contents:
A SWOT analysis of agriculture in J & K
Status of agriculture in J & K
Challenges and Opportunities facing agriculture
Bioeconomy- the way forward?
What is it?
Why Bioeconomy ?
Global trends
Our Initiatives in Biotech applications
Recommendations
5. Land Resource in J & K ( Ha)
G-2,65,000
E-74,000 D- 1,05,000
C-2,11,300
B- 2,91,000
A - 6,58,000
F- 7,52,000
A Forest
B Non-Agricultural Land
C Barren & Uncultivable Land
D Permanent Pastures & Other Grazing Land
E Fallow Land Including Current Fallows
F Net Area Sown (31% of the land use area) or 7 % of total Geographic area
G Area under Fruit Crops
9. Agribase economy in J & K
• the economy - bio-mass based.
• Subsistence requirements of the people for:
– food grains,
– firewood,
– fodder,
– timber for housing,
– milk, meat, fibre and
– medicines are derived from the plant and animal
resources available in the state.
10. Agribase economy in J & K
• Inputs for industrial and commercial sectors - obtained
from the bio-mass produce of the state.
• Export of fresh and dry fruits,
• the famous saffron and honey,
• timber, resin, medicinal items,
• the basmati of Jammu region
• Famous handicrafts:
• Pashmina shawls, carpets etc
• artefacts carved from walnut
• Tourism industry: tourists are attracted largely by the
scenic natural beauty of the state with its lofty lush green
mountain ranges, towering snow-clad peaks, placid sparking
lakes, bubbling streams and springs.
11. Our strengths and opportunities
• Vast area: 2.22 lac sq kms (67% of N-W
Himalya)
• Diverse and varied agro-climatic zones
– Cold arid ladakh region
– Temperate Kashmir region
– Sub-tropical jammu region
• Rich Biodiversity
– Ethnic diversity
– Flora : 3,054 species.
– Domestic & Wild life: 16% of india
– Rich Medicinal & Aromatic plants
12. Strengths ……..
• Unique Cash crops
• Kashmir:
– Saffron – monopoly in india
– Apple: 77% production in country
– Walnuts: monopoly
– Spices: Kashmiri mirchi, kala zeera,
– Floriculture
• Jammu:
– Basmiti- Quality
– Rajmash
– Black caraway (Zeera)
• Ladakh
– Pashmina fibre
– Apricot
– Herbs related amchi system of medicine
14. Effect of herbal extracts on the cell
proliferation in Prostate cancer
cell line, C4-2 cells
Preserving and enhancing the indigenous plant knowledge is actually rescuing a global heritage
and is a recognized tool in search for new drugs and pharmaceutical sources, (Lambert et al.,
1997)
Nearly 50 per cent of the plant species described in British
pharmacopoeia are reported to grow in Kashmir valley
• Till date more than 5000 aromatic/medical plants have been discovered in
Jammu and Kashmir.
• Scientific observations reveal that the state could become the superpower in
future for the herbal medicines and perfumes if the huge resources are
exploited properly and effectively
16. Challenges facing agriculture
• Widening demand and supply gaps:
– 40% import of food grains - 8 lac tones ( ~ Rs 9 billion)
– 20% vegetables - 1 lac tonnes (~ Rs 1 billion)
– 60% meat (sheep and goat) (~ Rs 3 billion)
• Increasing population pressure from highest growth rates in
the country (2.7 % vs 1.6%). ,
• Shrinking land resources due to population expansion,
urbanisation and soil degradation, indiscriminate &
unplanned growth of housing sector
• Fragile Climate: Extreme winters, long dry spells,
• Rain fed agriculture due to peculiar topography
• Receding glaciers due to global warming further aggravate
the problems inherent to the rain fed agriculture J & K,
17. ----challanges
• deforestation, loss of biodiversity and qualitative
deterioration of the pastures
• indiscriminate use of chemical fertilisers and
pesticides contaminating food, soil and water
beyond minimum permissible levels.
• over exploitation of natural resource base and
environmental quality decline,
• global warming and climate change leading to
emergence of new biotic and abiotic stresses
• stagnation in productivity of agricultural crops
• Subsistence agriculture ( less renumerative)
18. Vanishing “Venice of Asia” , Dal Lake disappearing
(National Geographic News, June 9, 2010)
Deweeding of Dal Lake costs millions of rupees to Kashmir b
In 20th Century “Dal Lake” represented a goldmine of Tourism in Kashmir
19. Biotechnology has a solution for ‘dying Dal Lake’
Grass Carp, a
voracious grass eater
fish, when genetically
modified in china ,
resulted in 42%
increase in growth
rate and 16%
increase in grass
consumption
Transgenic carp
Chinese Science Bulletin 2003 Vol.
48 No.16 1764 1770
21. PM Dr. Manmohan Singh at G. B. Pant University of
Agriculture and Technology on June 19, 2010, said…
“ policymakers and scientists need to put their heads
together for developing sustainable technologies that
can produce more from less in the background of the
new challenges of global warming and climate change…”
22. The bioeconomy : the way forward
the sustainable production of renewable biomass which
includes any biological material to be used as raw
material and
conversion of biomass into a range of food, health, fibre
and industrial products and energy
can play an important role in both creating economic
growth, and in formulating effective responses to
pressing challenges- food /nutritional security, clean
environment and human health
23. Way forward - KBBE
• Convergence of Biotechnology , nanotchnology and
bioinformatics
• provides the knowledge-base for the sustainable
management, production and use of biological resources…
• provides new, safe, affordable and eco-efficient products …
• Through
• Shift in practice from a sectoral approach to our problems
towards a more integrated approach of the KBBE.
• Knowledge and innovation in bilogical sciences
24. Biomass
feedstock
Animal and plant
therapeutics
and diagnostics Nutraceuticals
and
pharmaceutical
production
Fine chemical
production
Research on
genomes, cell
processes, and
bioinformatics
Health:
new therapies
and diagnostics
Industry:
enzymes, biofuels,
and bioplastics
Primary production:
food, feed, fibre,
and cellulosic crops
Integration across Biotechnology Applications
25.
26. Our Initiatives and Successes in
Biotech Applications
-- fragmented nd isolated attempts
27. Biotechnological Interventions for
Improving Reproductive Performance
• Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) in Goats & Sheep
• Simplified/Modified zona-free Cloning Technique
“First Cloned Pashmina Goat “NOORI” born at Division of
Biotechnology, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, through this Technique”.
“Noorie” with her foster dam
•
“Noorie” at 1 year of Age
•
28. Enucleated Eggs
Reconstructed embryos
cultured in lab for 7 days
Blastocyst
Clones
Goat ovaries
Donor cell culture
Somatic cell donor
Oocyte –somatic cell fusion
Foster mother
PRODUCTION OF CLONED PASHMINA GOAT AT SKUAST KASHMIR
Incubation (38.5 C)
Cloning. Laboratory, Centre of Animal Biotechnology, SKUAST-K, Srinagar
29. Awards & Achievements
PI of the Project receiving cerificate of
appreciation from DG, ICAR and
Minister for Agriculture, J&K
J&K Tableau on Republic Day 2013 depicting
Centre of Biotechnology, SKUAST Kashmir and its
research achievements
PI being awarded by the Chief
Minister Omer Abdullah
30. Bioprospecting of genes for cold
tolerance
Pashmina Goat Bactrian Camel
Abiotic Stress Factor : Cold Stress
31. Heatmap analysis of differentially
expressed genes in pashmina
goat under Cold vs Hot
conditions in Blood and Skin
Important candidate genes identified
1. ADRB: Adrenoegic receptor binding
2. CIRBP: cold induced RNA binding
3. RBM3: RNA binding motif
4. UCP1 : Uncoupling protein
5. HIF-1 Hypoxia inducible Factor
6. GAS7 : Growth arrest specific
7. IGF1: Insulin like growth factor
8. LSP lympocyte specific protein
9. PAM: Neurotransmitter
10.HSP105
11.HSP47
12.HSP70-1
32. Figure 2: Ven diagram representing the number of transcripts in skin samples of pashmina goats
whose changes in expression during different seasons.
33.
34. Camel Genome Information Resource
A second database on complete
transcriptome of ~ 21000 transcripts is
under development.
35. Other Important Achievements
• Vaccine against foot rot in sheep and
goat
– Increased Fecundity in Sheep
• M A Introgression of FecB gene
• Lambing percentage increase from 80%
to 150
•
36. Apple industry-
India : 7th largest producer of apple
Kashmir: 70% to apple production
At a cost of : 7000 Tons of fungicides annually
Concerns: Impacts Human Health & Environment,
future marketing oppurtunities
Challenge:
Breed for disease resistance
Develop Bio control agents for disease management
State Area
(000 HA)
Production
(ooo MT)
Productivity
(MT/HA)
J & K 133 1330 10
HP 97 510 5
Uttranchal 32 132 4
37. Biopesticides developed in SKUAST-K:
Biowilt- X (Trichoderma harzianum) Biocomp-X (Pseudomonas fluorescens)
USA Patent No: (No. US 7, 815, 903 B2; Date of Grant 19-10-2010) and
India Patent No: (239609; Date of Grant 26-03-2010).
38. Biofertilizers for organic agriculture
1. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria
– Makes available 30 kg of phosphorus
to the crops per hectare per year.
– Improves crop growth by secretion of
growth regulators.
– Seed treatment : Mix 250 ml with
the seed needed for one acre and dry
for 20 minutes under shade before
2. Shalimar Microbes:
• Consortium of different microbes
like phosphate solubilizing bacteria,
actinomycete, Lactobacillus.
• Use: solid waste decomposition and
also acts as a biofertilizer.
39. SHALIMAR BIOFERTILIZER (Azotobacter)
• Fixes 20-40 kg nitrogen from atmosphere per
hectare per year.
• Increases yield by 10 – 25%.
• Improves crop growth by secretion of growth
regulators and vitamins.
• Protects crops against some soil borne pathogens.
• Seed treatment: : 250ml/acre
• Seedling root dipping : 1000ml/acre
• Field application :
400ml/acre (Mix the biofertilizer with the soil
before sowing
• Suitable for crops : Wheat,
oat, barley, Mustard, seasum, Linseeds,
Sunflower, castor, Pearl millets, Finger millets,
and floriculture plants etc.
40. SHALIMAR BIOFERTILIZER
(Rhizobium phaseoli)
• Features:
• Fixes 100 to 300 kg nitrogen per hectare
in one crop season.
• Increases yield by 10-35%.
• Improves crop growth by secretion of
growth regulators.
• Protects crops against some soil borne
pathogens.
• Seed treatment : 250ml/acre
• Field application : 400ml/acre (Mix the
biofertilizer with the soil before sowing).
• Suitable for crops Rajmash
41. E-learning portal
www.starelearning.org
MIS developed for:
1. FARMMAN 1.00 Management
of Cattle and buffalo breeding
research data
2. SheepMan 1.00: Online tool
for management of sheep
research data across farms
3. SoftMate: Tool for planning
breeding programs to avoid the
inbreeding depression
42. New Initiative:
Dairy Development – Challenge of 21st Century
Demand- High
Nutritional security to 1.6 billion people by 2030
Rising purchase power
Improving health conciousnes
Support to Dairy Industry
Challenge for 2030
4 fold growth: 127 million tones to 550 million tones
by (300 ml to 1000 ml person / day
5 fold growth: 14 lac tons to 74 lac tones
Constraint
Acute dearth of proven germplasm
Feed and Fodder availability
Health cover
44. Approach…..
e-registration of farmers cows for :
delivery of services and collection of feed back data
Widening of the genetic base from few hundred farm-bred cattle to 7
lac breedable cows of farmers through e-linking for planning long-term
research programs for sustainable dairying
Data Warehousing to support data analysis and decision-
making tasks through use of ICT.
Production of tested high performance breeding bulls
through:
Open Nucleus Breeding Scheme t
E T T for fast multiplication of elite cows
GWAS for Evaluation of breeding value
45. Recommendations
• Strengthening of the capacity (infrastructure and human resource) in J &
K to get ready for the technology driven bio-revolution
• Special program for Networking of the institutes in the three states on
N-E pattern for:
– Knowledge and Resource sharing
• Faculty exchange & Student exchange
– Documentation and characterization of our bioresources
• Common e-resource of our biodiversity – validated and authentic
– Bioprospecting of our resources for
• commercially valuable genetic and biochemical resources.
• Genes for biotic and abiotic stress tolerence
46. Recommendation………
• Collaborative inter-institutional research
programs
– MAS for accelerated improvement in field /
horticulture crops / animals / fish
– MA S approach for breeding resistance in plants and
animals
– Mitigating Climate change and ensuring healthy foods:
• Development of biocontrol agents for management of
diseases and pests
• Development of the biofertilisers for organic agriculture