Development of Heart and Fetal circulation
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
4 likes•538 views
The document summarizes the development of the heart and fetal circulation. It begins by discussing how the heart develops from two endothelial heart tubes that fuse to form a single tube. It then details the formation of the atria, ventricles, and septa. The document also describes the fetal circulation, where oxygenated blood travels from the placenta to the fetus through the umbilical vein and deoxygenated blood returns through the umbilical arteries. After birth, the ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale, and ductus venosus close, changing the circulation to receive oxygenated blood from the lungs rather than the placenta.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Congenital hip dislocation
Congenital hip dislocation (CHD) occurs when the femoral head spontaneously dislocates from the acetabulum before or shortly after birth. It is caused by hereditary joint laxity, maternal relaxin hormone exposure, or breech positioning in the womb. Clinically, CHD presents with leg length discrepancy, an abnormal gait, or limited hip movement. Treatment involves closed or open reduction of the femoral head and maintenance with casting or splinting, especially in younger patients. For older patients or those with severe deformity, acetabular reconstruction procedures like Salter's osteotomy may be needed. The goal is to achieve a stable reduction and encourage acetabular remodeling.
Presentation on prosthetic foot
This presentation is very beneficial for those who are in the field of prosthetics & orthotics. I have covered the basics of prosthetic foot, its mechanisms & its types. I have mentioned advanced prosthetic foot also. Hope this will help you all.
Fracture disease
This document discusses fracture diseases that can result from prolonged immobilization following fracture treatment. The principal fracture diseases include musculoskeletal issues like muscle weakness, atrophy, soft tissue contractures, osteoporosis, and joint stiffness. Prolonged immobilization can also lead to cardiovascular complications such as increased heart rate, circulatory dysfunction, orthostatic hypotension, and venous thromboembolism. Prevention of these fracture diseases focuses on proper fixation, early and frequent mobilization, muscle stretching and contraction, range of motion exercises, use of leg stockings, anticoagulant drugs, and changing patient positioning regularly.
Foot drop
Foot drop is the inability to lift the front part of the foot. It can be caused by injuries or conditions that damage the common peroneal nerve. Symptoms include difficulty lifting the foot and dragging the toes. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include bracing, nerve stimulation, tendon transfers, or joint fusions. The goal is to improve mobility and gait.
Foot Drop
This document discusses foot drop, which is the inability to lift the front part of the foot. It can be caused by nerve injuries, neurological conditions, muscle weakness, or injuries. Symptoms include difficulty lifting the foot and dragging it when walking. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include bracing, physical therapy, nerve stimulation, or surgery to repair nerves or transfer tendons.
Craniovertebral anomalies
This document discusses the anatomy, landmarks, measurements, common anomalies, syndromes, and injuries of the craniovertebral junction. It begins with a brief description of the craniovertebral junction's development and components. It then outlines several key anatomical landmarks and measurements used to evaluate the region on imaging. The remainder of the document details various congenital anomalies, developmental abnormalities, syndromes, and acquired conditions that can affect the craniovertebral junction.
Evertor and invertor of foot
The document describes several muscles that act on the foot and ankle. It discusses the peroneal muscles (peroneus longus, brevis and tertius) which are located on the lateral or outer side of the lower leg and evert or pronate the foot. It also describes the tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus which are located on the medial or inner side of the lower leg and invert or supinate the foot. Each muscle's origin, insertion, function and action on the foot and ankle are provided.
Flat foot
This document discusses flat feet (pes planus), including its anatomy, causes, types, symptoms, physical exam findings, and treatment options. Key points include:
- Pes planus is characterized by a low or absent medial longitudinal arch. It can be flexible or rigid.
- Causes include ligament laxity, obesity, muscle weakness, bony abnormalities, and tarsal coalitions.
- Treatment focuses on orthotics, stretches, braces, and surgery if conservative options fail. Surgical procedures include tendon lengthening, osteotomies, and fusions.
Recommended
Congenital hip dislocation
Congenital hip dislocation (CHD) occurs when the femoral head spontaneously dislocates from the acetabulum before or shortly after birth. It is caused by hereditary joint laxity, maternal relaxin hormone exposure, or breech positioning in the womb. Clinically, CHD presents with leg length discrepancy, an abnormal gait, or limited hip movement. Treatment involves closed or open reduction of the femoral head and maintenance with casting or splinting, especially in younger patients. For older patients or those with severe deformity, acetabular reconstruction procedures like Salter's osteotomy may be needed. The goal is to achieve a stable reduction and encourage acetabular remodeling.
Presentation on prosthetic foot
This presentation is very beneficial for those who are in the field of prosthetics & orthotics. I have covered the basics of prosthetic foot, its mechanisms & its types. I have mentioned advanced prosthetic foot also. Hope this will help you all.
Fracture disease
This document discusses fracture diseases that can result from prolonged immobilization following fracture treatment. The principal fracture diseases include musculoskeletal issues like muscle weakness, atrophy, soft tissue contractures, osteoporosis, and joint stiffness. Prolonged immobilization can also lead to cardiovascular complications such as increased heart rate, circulatory dysfunction, orthostatic hypotension, and venous thromboembolism. Prevention of these fracture diseases focuses on proper fixation, early and frequent mobilization, muscle stretching and contraction, range of motion exercises, use of leg stockings, anticoagulant drugs, and changing patient positioning regularly.
Foot drop
Foot drop is the inability to lift the front part of the foot. It can be caused by injuries or conditions that damage the common peroneal nerve. Symptoms include difficulty lifting the foot and dragging the toes. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include bracing, nerve stimulation, tendon transfers, or joint fusions. The goal is to improve mobility and gait.
Foot Drop
This document discusses foot drop, which is the inability to lift the front part of the foot. It can be caused by nerve injuries, neurological conditions, muscle weakness, or injuries. Symptoms include difficulty lifting the foot and dragging it when walking. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include bracing, physical therapy, nerve stimulation, or surgery to repair nerves or transfer tendons.
Craniovertebral anomalies
This document discusses the anatomy, landmarks, measurements, common anomalies, syndromes, and injuries of the craniovertebral junction. It begins with a brief description of the craniovertebral junction's development and components. It then outlines several key anatomical landmarks and measurements used to evaluate the region on imaging. The remainder of the document details various congenital anomalies, developmental abnormalities, syndromes, and acquired conditions that can affect the craniovertebral junction.
Evertor and invertor of foot
The document describes several muscles that act on the foot and ankle. It discusses the peroneal muscles (peroneus longus, brevis and tertius) which are located on the lateral or outer side of the lower leg and evert or pronate the foot. It also describes the tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus which are located on the medial or inner side of the lower leg and invert or supinate the foot. Each muscle's origin, insertion, function and action on the foot and ankle are provided.
Flat foot
This document discusses flat feet (pes planus), including its anatomy, causes, types, symptoms, physical exam findings, and treatment options. Key points include:
- Pes planus is characterized by a low or absent medial longitudinal arch. It can be flexible or rigid.
- Causes include ligament laxity, obesity, muscle weakness, bony abnormalities, and tarsal coalitions.
- Treatment focuses on orthotics, stretches, braces, and surgery if conservative options fail. Surgical procedures include tendon lengthening, osteotomies, and fusions.
CDH AND DDH
This document provides information on congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) and developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). It discusses the causes, signs, symptoms, examination findings, treatment options including orthotic interventions like the Pavlik harness and Frejka pillow. CDH occurs at or shortly after birth while DDH develops during the embryonic, fetal or infantile stage. Treatment aims to achieve and maintain reduction of the femoral head into the acetabulum through splinting or bracing until the hip joint stabilizes.
Radial nerve palsy
The document provides information about the radial nerve including its anatomy, course, branches and clinical presentations of radial nerve palsies. It discusses the radial nerve's origin from the brachial plexus and branches in the arm and forearm. Common causes of radial nerve palsy include fractures and entrapment in the radial tunnel. Clinical features, investigations, treatment including splinting and tendon transfers, and postoperative management are outlined. Surgical techniques for nerve repair and reconstructive procedures are also described.
Genu varus and valgus
This document discusses genu valgum (knock knees) and genu varum (bowlegs). It defines the Q angle and normal ranges. Genu valgum can be physiological in children under 4 years old or pathological. Bilateral cases may be due to various conditions while unilateral cases are often due to trauma or injury. Evaluation involves physical exam and x-rays. Treatment depends on age but may include observation, bracing, hemiepiphysiodesis, or osteotomy. Genu varum is also normally physiological initially but becomes pathological after age 2. Causes in children and adults are discussed. Evaluation and treatment methods including bracing and surgery are outlined.
Bladder involvement in spine disorders
The document discusses bladder function and various types of neurogenic bladder disorders. It covers:
- Normal bladder function and neural control of the bladder
- Different types of neurogenic bladder disorders that can result from brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerve lesions
- Evaluation and treatment of different disorders, including catheterization options like indwelling, suprapubic, and intermittent catheters
Club foot / CTEV
PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY of club foot, treatment of CTEV and clubfoot, pirani score of CTEV, surgical procedures of club foot
Sacroiliac Joint
Evidence-based Interventional Pain Medicine
according to Clinical Diagnoses
13. Sacroiliac Joint Pain
Pascal Vanelderen, MD, FIPP*,†; Karolina Szadek, MD‡; Steven P. Cohen, MD§;
Jan De Witte, MD¶; Arno Lataster, MSc**; Jacob Patijn, MD, PHD††;
Nagy Mekhail, MD PhD, FIPP‡‡; Maarten van Kleef, MD, PhD, FIPP††;
Jan Van Zundert, MD, PhD, FIPP*,††
8. COMMON PERONEAL NERVE.pdf
The common peroneal nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve that innervates muscles of the lower leg and foot. Common peroneal neuropathy can result from compression of the nerve due to trauma, fractures, immobilization, or other causes. This leads to weakness of ankle dorsiflexors and foot everters, sensory loss, and a foot drop gait. Diagnosis involves nerve conduction studies and EMG. Treatment may include immobilization, physical therapy, splinting, and tendon transfers in severe cases.
Legg calve perthes disease
Perthes disease, also known as Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, is caused by impaired blood flow in the femoral head that leads to bone death in children aged 3-12 years old, causing deformity of the femoral head; it is more common in boys and whites and symptoms include limping and hip pain that varies depending on the stage of bone regeneration. Genetic factors and growth abnormalities play a role in its development.
CONGENITAL TALIPES EQUINO VARUS
This document discusses congenital talipes equino-varus (CTEV), also known as clubfoot. CTEV is a congenital deformity of the foot and ankle characterized by equinus, inversion, adduction and cavus. It occurs in about 1 in 1000 live births. The document describes the types and causes of CTEV, pathological changes, treatment methods including Ponseti technique and surgery, and long-term management with bracing. Non-operative treatment is usually attempted first using serial casting and manipulation techniques.
INTERVERTEBRAL DISC ANATOMY AND PIVD OF LUMBAR SPINE AND ITS MANAGEMENT
1) The intervertebral disc consists of the nucleus pulposus surrounded by the annulus fibrosus and endplates. The nucleus contains water and proteoglycans to absorb pressure, while the annulus contains collagen fibers for strength and flexibility.
2) Degeneration of discs occurs over time as the nucleus loses water content and the annulus becomes weaker, altering load distribution and potentially leading to herniation.
3) Herniated discs occur when part of the nucleus extrudes from the annulus, most commonly posterolaterally, and can impinge nerves causing radicular pain. Classification is based on location and involvement of surrounding tissues.
Slideshow: Rotator Cuff
Slideshow: Rotator Cuff
The Funky Professor videos can viewed here:
http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/journal/video?videoTaxonomy=FUNK
Rotator cuff injuries
This document discusses the anatomy, biomechanics, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of rotator cuff tears. It begins by introducing the rotator cuff muscles and their function in stabilizing the shoulder joint. Common causes of tears include impingement, trauma, aging, and ischemia. Symptoms include shoulder pain that is worsened with overhead activities. Diagnosis involves physical exam maneuvers like the Neer's and Hawkins tests as well as imaging like x-rays, ultrasound, CT, or MRI. Treatment ranges from rest, physical therapy, and injections for mild cases to surgical repair for larger or chronic tears if conservative measures fail.
ANATOMY OF SCIATIC NERVE AND FOOT DROP
The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body, originating from the lower spine and extending down each leg. Foot drop is caused by weakness of the muscles that lift the front of the foot, usually due to injury or compression of the peroneal nerve branch of the sciatic nerve. Symptoms include inability to lift the foot and an exaggerated walking gait. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include bracing, physical therapy, nerve stimulation, or tendon transfer surgery.
Tb hip
Tuberculosis of the hip joint is the second most common site of bone and joint TB after the spine. It typically affects people in their first three decades of life. The infection spreads from a primary focus such as the lungs to the hip joint via the bloodstream. It can initially involve different areas of the hip and pelvis before spreading to the joint. Patients present with hip pain, limping, and constitutional symptoms. Treatment involves anti-TB drugs along with rest, traction, and surgery if needed to address complications like joint destruction and deformity. Surgical options depend on the stage of disease and can include synovectomy, arthrodesis, osteotomy, or arthroplasty.
CTEV basics
Club foot, or congenital talipes equinus varus, is a complex three-dimensional deformity of the foot with four main components: equinus, varus, adductus, and cavus. It has an incidence of about 1 in 1,000 live births. Treatment involves serial manipulation and casting, most commonly using the Ponseti method, with the goal of correcting all deformity components to achieve a functional, plantigrade foot. Maintenance treatment with a foot abduction brace is also required to prevent recurrence of the deformity. Surgery may be needed for resistant, relapsed, or neglected clubfoot cases and involves soft tissue releases to address all pathological structures.
Common peroneal nerve lesions
Common peroneal nerve lesions often present with foot drop and loss of sensation in the lower leg and foot. The common peroneal nerve is susceptible to injury where it passes between muscles in the leg and around the fibula bone. Injuries can occur from trauma, fractures, compression, ischemia or tight footwear and result in weakness of ankle dorsiflexion. Physical exams may show reduced foot movement and sensation loss while nerve conduction studies can identify injuries. Treatment focuses on bracing, stimulation, positioning and protective devices to prevent foot drop and sprains.
Genu valgus
This document discusses genu valgum, or knock knees. It defines the deformity as an outward deviation of the longitudinal axis of the tibia. Genu valgum results in the medial angulation of the knee and external rotation of the femur and tibia. It can be caused by physiological, pathological, traumatic or metabolic factors that create asymmetric growth of the epiphyseal plate. Treatment involves conservative measures like bracing or surgical options like osteotomies if the deformity is severe.
Physiotherapy for CONGENITAL TALIPES EQUINOVARUS
The document discusses congenital club foot (CCF), also known as congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV). CCF is a deformity occurring in the ankle, subtaloid, and mid-tarsal joints. There are several theories for its causes, and its severity depends on the degree of displacement, while resistance to treatment depends on soft tissue rigidity. The deformity can be categorized into four components: cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (CAVE). Treatment aims to fully correct the deformity early on through non-operative methods like serial casting or the Ponseti method, which involves weekly manipulation and casting. Education of parents on care and follow-up is
Congenital talipes equinovarus (club foot/ctev) ppt by Dr Pratik
ctev (club foot) with its aetiology, pathological anatomy, classification, non surgical and surgical treatment
Hip joint anatomy
The document summarizes the anatomy and examination of the hip joint. It describes the hip joint as a ball and socket synovial joint between the femoral head and acetabulum. It details the articular surfaces, ligaments, muscles, nerve supply, blood supply and movements of the hip joint. It also discusses the ossification of the hip bone and bursae that can form around the hip joint.
Development of heart and fetal circulation
The document summarizes the development of the heart and fetal circulation. It discusses how the heart begins as two endothelial tubes that fuse to form a single tube with areas of dilation. It describes the formation of the atria, ventricles, and interatrial and interventricular septa. The document outlines the fetal circulation pathway which involves blood traveling from the placenta to the fetus via the umbilical vein and returning via the umbilical arteries. It also discusses the changes that occur after birth as the ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale, and ductus venosus close.
Arterial supply of head & neck
The document describes the arterial supply of the head and neck. It discusses the external carotid artery in detail. The external carotid artery begins at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery opposite the thyroid cartilage. It divides into the maxillary and superficial temporal arteries. Its branches include the superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, and superficial temporal arteries. The document also provides information on the course and relations of the external carotid artery.
More Related Content
What's hot
CDH AND DDH
This document provides information on congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH) and developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). It discusses the causes, signs, symptoms, examination findings, treatment options including orthotic interventions like the Pavlik harness and Frejka pillow. CDH occurs at or shortly after birth while DDH develops during the embryonic, fetal or infantile stage. Treatment aims to achieve and maintain reduction of the femoral head into the acetabulum through splinting or bracing until the hip joint stabilizes.
Radial nerve palsy
The document provides information about the radial nerve including its anatomy, course, branches and clinical presentations of radial nerve palsies. It discusses the radial nerve's origin from the brachial plexus and branches in the arm and forearm. Common causes of radial nerve palsy include fractures and entrapment in the radial tunnel. Clinical features, investigations, treatment including splinting and tendon transfers, and postoperative management are outlined. Surgical techniques for nerve repair and reconstructive procedures are also described.
Genu varus and valgus
This document discusses genu valgum (knock knees) and genu varum (bowlegs). It defines the Q angle and normal ranges. Genu valgum can be physiological in children under 4 years old or pathological. Bilateral cases may be due to various conditions while unilateral cases are often due to trauma or injury. Evaluation involves physical exam and x-rays. Treatment depends on age but may include observation, bracing, hemiepiphysiodesis, or osteotomy. Genu varum is also normally physiological initially but becomes pathological after age 2. Causes in children and adults are discussed. Evaluation and treatment methods including bracing and surgery are outlined.
Bladder involvement in spine disorders
The document discusses bladder function and various types of neurogenic bladder disorders. It covers:
- Normal bladder function and neural control of the bladder
- Different types of neurogenic bladder disorders that can result from brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nerve lesions
- Evaluation and treatment of different disorders, including catheterization options like indwelling, suprapubic, and intermittent catheters
Club foot / CTEV
PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY of club foot, treatment of CTEV and clubfoot, pirani score of CTEV, surgical procedures of club foot
Sacroiliac Joint
Evidence-based Interventional Pain Medicine
according to Clinical Diagnoses
13. Sacroiliac Joint Pain
Pascal Vanelderen, MD, FIPP*,†; Karolina Szadek, MD‡; Steven P. Cohen, MD§;
Jan De Witte, MD¶; Arno Lataster, MSc**; Jacob Patijn, MD, PHD††;
Nagy Mekhail, MD PhD, FIPP‡‡; Maarten van Kleef, MD, PhD, FIPP††;
Jan Van Zundert, MD, PhD, FIPP*,††
8. COMMON PERONEAL NERVE.pdf
The common peroneal nerve is a branch of the sciatic nerve that innervates muscles of the lower leg and foot. Common peroneal neuropathy can result from compression of the nerve due to trauma, fractures, immobilization, or other causes. This leads to weakness of ankle dorsiflexors and foot everters, sensory loss, and a foot drop gait. Diagnosis involves nerve conduction studies and EMG. Treatment may include immobilization, physical therapy, splinting, and tendon transfers in severe cases.
Legg calve perthes disease
Perthes disease, also known as Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, is caused by impaired blood flow in the femoral head that leads to bone death in children aged 3-12 years old, causing deformity of the femoral head; it is more common in boys and whites and symptoms include limping and hip pain that varies depending on the stage of bone regeneration. Genetic factors and growth abnormalities play a role in its development.
CONGENITAL TALIPES EQUINO VARUS
This document discusses congenital talipes equino-varus (CTEV), also known as clubfoot. CTEV is a congenital deformity of the foot and ankle characterized by equinus, inversion, adduction and cavus. It occurs in about 1 in 1000 live births. The document describes the types and causes of CTEV, pathological changes, treatment methods including Ponseti technique and surgery, and long-term management with bracing. Non-operative treatment is usually attempted first using serial casting and manipulation techniques.
INTERVERTEBRAL DISC ANATOMY AND PIVD OF LUMBAR SPINE AND ITS MANAGEMENT
1) The intervertebral disc consists of the nucleus pulposus surrounded by the annulus fibrosus and endplates. The nucleus contains water and proteoglycans to absorb pressure, while the annulus contains collagen fibers for strength and flexibility.
2) Degeneration of discs occurs over time as the nucleus loses water content and the annulus becomes weaker, altering load distribution and potentially leading to herniation.
3) Herniated discs occur when part of the nucleus extrudes from the annulus, most commonly posterolaterally, and can impinge nerves causing radicular pain. Classification is based on location and involvement of surrounding tissues.
Slideshow: Rotator Cuff
Slideshow: Rotator Cuff
The Funky Professor videos can viewed here:
http://publishing.rcseng.ac.uk/journal/video?videoTaxonomy=FUNK
Rotator cuff injuries
This document discusses the anatomy, biomechanics, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of rotator cuff tears. It begins by introducing the rotator cuff muscles and their function in stabilizing the shoulder joint. Common causes of tears include impingement, trauma, aging, and ischemia. Symptoms include shoulder pain that is worsened with overhead activities. Diagnosis involves physical exam maneuvers like the Neer's and Hawkins tests as well as imaging like x-rays, ultrasound, CT, or MRI. Treatment ranges from rest, physical therapy, and injections for mild cases to surgical repair for larger or chronic tears if conservative measures fail.
ANATOMY OF SCIATIC NERVE AND FOOT DROP
The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body, originating from the lower spine and extending down each leg. Foot drop is caused by weakness of the muscles that lift the front of the foot, usually due to injury or compression of the peroneal nerve branch of the sciatic nerve. Symptoms include inability to lift the foot and an exaggerated walking gait. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include bracing, physical therapy, nerve stimulation, or tendon transfer surgery.
Tb hip
Tuberculosis of the hip joint is the second most common site of bone and joint TB after the spine. It typically affects people in their first three decades of life. The infection spreads from a primary focus such as the lungs to the hip joint via the bloodstream. It can initially involve different areas of the hip and pelvis before spreading to the joint. Patients present with hip pain, limping, and constitutional symptoms. Treatment involves anti-TB drugs along with rest, traction, and surgery if needed to address complications like joint destruction and deformity. Surgical options depend on the stage of disease and can include synovectomy, arthrodesis, osteotomy, or arthroplasty.
CTEV basics
Club foot, or congenital talipes equinus varus, is a complex three-dimensional deformity of the foot with four main components: equinus, varus, adductus, and cavus. It has an incidence of about 1 in 1,000 live births. Treatment involves serial manipulation and casting, most commonly using the Ponseti method, with the goal of correcting all deformity components to achieve a functional, plantigrade foot. Maintenance treatment with a foot abduction brace is also required to prevent recurrence of the deformity. Surgery may be needed for resistant, relapsed, or neglected clubfoot cases and involves soft tissue releases to address all pathological structures.
Common peroneal nerve lesions
Common peroneal nerve lesions often present with foot drop and loss of sensation in the lower leg and foot. The common peroneal nerve is susceptible to injury where it passes between muscles in the leg and around the fibula bone. Injuries can occur from trauma, fractures, compression, ischemia or tight footwear and result in weakness of ankle dorsiflexion. Physical exams may show reduced foot movement and sensation loss while nerve conduction studies can identify injuries. Treatment focuses on bracing, stimulation, positioning and protective devices to prevent foot drop and sprains.
Genu valgus
This document discusses genu valgum, or knock knees. It defines the deformity as an outward deviation of the longitudinal axis of the tibia. Genu valgum results in the medial angulation of the knee and external rotation of the femur and tibia. It can be caused by physiological, pathological, traumatic or metabolic factors that create asymmetric growth of the epiphyseal plate. Treatment involves conservative measures like bracing or surgical options like osteotomies if the deformity is severe.
Physiotherapy for CONGENITAL TALIPES EQUINOVARUS
The document discusses congenital club foot (CCF), also known as congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV). CCF is a deformity occurring in the ankle, subtaloid, and mid-tarsal joints. There are several theories for its causes, and its severity depends on the degree of displacement, while resistance to treatment depends on soft tissue rigidity. The deformity can be categorized into four components: cavus, adductus, varus, and equinus (CAVE). Treatment aims to fully correct the deformity early on through non-operative methods like serial casting or the Ponseti method, which involves weekly manipulation and casting. Education of parents on care and follow-up is
Congenital talipes equinovarus (club foot/ctev) ppt by Dr Pratik
ctev (club foot) with its aetiology, pathological anatomy, classification, non surgical and surgical treatment
Hip joint anatomy
The document summarizes the anatomy and examination of the hip joint. It describes the hip joint as a ball and socket synovial joint between the femoral head and acetabulum. It details the articular surfaces, ligaments, muscles, nerve supply, blood supply and movements of the hip joint. It also discusses the ossification of the hip bone and bursae that can form around the hip joint.
What's hot (20)
INTERVERTEBRAL DISC ANATOMY AND PIVD OF LUMBAR SPINE AND ITS MANAGEMENT
INTERVERTEBRAL DISC ANATOMY AND PIVD OF LUMBAR SPINE AND ITS MANAGEMENT
Congenital talipes equinovarus (club foot/ctev) ppt by Dr Pratik
Congenital talipes equinovarus (club foot/ctev) ppt by Dr Pratik
Similar to Development of Heart and Fetal circulation
Development of heart and fetal circulation
The document summarizes the development of the heart and fetal circulation. It discusses how the heart begins as two endothelial tubes that fuse to form a single tube with areas of dilation. It describes the formation of the atria, ventricles, and interatrial and interventricular septa. The document outlines the fetal circulation pathway which involves blood traveling from the placenta to the fetus via the umbilical vein and returning via the umbilical arteries. It also discusses the changes that occur after birth as the ductus arteriosus, foramen ovale, and ductus venosus close.
Arterial supply of head & neck
The document describes the arterial supply of the head and neck. It discusses the external carotid artery in detail. The external carotid artery begins at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery opposite the thyroid cartilage. It divides into the maxillary and superficial temporal arteries. Its branches include the superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, and superficial temporal arteries. The document also provides information on the course and relations of the external carotid artery.
Embriologyandcardiacheartdisease
This document discusses the embryological development of the heart and implications for congenital heart defects. It covers several key topics:
1) Sidedness of the heart is determined early on by differential growth of the left and right cardiogenic areas, explaining defects like situs inversus.
2) Cardiac looping, which can be leftward or rightward, determines the relationship between the ventricles and major vessels. Atypical looping can cause complex defects.
3) Growth and shifting establishes the left ventricular outflow tract and right ventricular inflow tract, with failure leading to defects like double outlet right ventricle.
4) The document explores how persistence of primitive heart structures or abnormal developmental processes can
USMLE CVS 006 007 Development of the heart anatomy .pdf
The development of the heart is a complex and highly regulated process that begins early in embryonic life.
Understanding the stages of heart development is crucial for recognizing
and addressing congenital heart defects that may occur during this intricate process.
USMLE CVS 005 Blood vessels – Arteries and veins.pdf
The major blood vessels in the human body form an extensive network that facilitates the transportation of blood, oxygen, and nutrients to various tissues and organs.
Understanding the anatomy and function of major blood vessels is essential for comprehending the circulatory system and diagnosing and treating cardiovascular conditions.
An unusual origin of brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries 2018
This document reports on an unusual variation found during a routine cadaver dissection where the brachiocephalic trunk and left common carotid artery arose from a common trunk of the aortic arch. The case is described along with photographs showing the anatomy. Normally these arteries have separate origins from the arch. The document then discusses the embryonic development of the aortic arch and its branches to explain how variations can occur. Prior studies reporting the prevalence of this variation are summarized, ranging from 4.8-27%. Knowledge of variations is important for surgeons.
MS Nursing Lecture
discussion for the nurses' review regards the medical surgical problems in relation to the nursing practice
rsm, md
chapter-46-circulatory-and-respiratory-systems.pdf
This document discusses the circulatory and respiratory systems. It begins by describing the structure and function of the heart, including the four chambers and valves that ensure blood flows in one direction. It then discusses how blood flows through the heart, tracing the paths of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. The rest of the document describes the blood vessels (arteries, capillaries, and veins), blood flow and pressure, and the two circulation patterns (pulmonary and systemic).
Cardiovascular and peripheral vascular
1. The document defines key cardiovascular terms like systole, diastole, and describes the location of important cardiac structures underneath the chest wall.
2. It explains the structure and function of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves, and their role in the formation of heart sounds S1 and S2.
3. The normal pulse, effects of inspiration on heart rate, and blood flow through the heart during diastole and systole are described.
Blood supply of head and neck.pdf
This document provides an overview of the embryological development and anatomy of arteries and veins in the head and neck region. It discusses the formation of blood and aortic arches in early embryonic development. It then describes the course, branches, and clinical relevance of major arteries like the common carotid artery, external carotid artery, internal carotid artery, and branches including the lingual, facial, and superior thyroid arteries. It also briefly outlines the structure and differences between arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Development of heart
This document summarizes the early development of the heart from formation of the cardiac tube to septation and looping. It discusses:
- How the cardiac progenitor cells form paired tubes that fuse to form the primitive heart tube by 22 days.
- The lineages that give rise to the left and right ventricles.
- How signaling molecules regulate morphogenesis and migration of cells.
- The process of cardiac looping around 22-24 days which brings the ventricles into left/right orientation.
- Septation of the atria, atrioventricular canal and ventricles between 26-30 days which divides the heart into four chambers.
Congenital heart diseases2020
The document discusses imaging of congenital heart diseases, describing the main types of defects such as atrial septal defects (ASD), ventricular septal defects (VSD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). It provides details on the anatomy, classifications, imaging findings, and clinical presentations of each type of defect. Examples of echocardiograms and chest x-rays are shown to illustrate the imaging appearance of various congenital heart abnormalities.
17 Heart
The document provides an overview of the human circulatory system, including:
- The heart pumps blood through vessels in a double circulatory system, with the pulmonary and systemic circuits.
- The heart has four chambers, with the right atrium and ventricle pumping to the lungs and the left pumping to the body. It is located in the mediastinum.
- Blood flows through one-way valves between the atria and ventricles, and into the pulmonary trunk and aorta.
- The cardiac conduction system coordinates heart chamber contractions for efficient blood flow.
Vascular ring and sling
The document discusses various types of vascular rings and slings that can form due to abnormalities in aortic arch development, including double aortic arch where both right and left arches are present and form a ring around the trachea and esophagus, and right aortic arch with an aberrant retroesophageal ligamentum arteriosum. It provides details on the embryology, clinical presentations, investigations, and surgical techniques for repairing different types of vascular rings and slings.
Chapter19 heartmarieb
The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the heart, including:
1) A description of the internal and external structures of the heart, including the chambers, valves, conduction system, and blood flow pathway.
2) An explanation of how the heart's valves function to direct blood flow and relate to heart sounds.
3) A discussion of the heart's conductive pathway and how it is assessed clinically using electrocardiography.
9.Congenital heart disease
This document discusses congenital heart disease, including its etiology, incidence, classifications, and descriptions of common cardiac malformations. Some key points:
- Congenital heart disease can be caused by genetic and environmental factors in utero and is usually idiopathic.
- Common malformations include ventricular septal defects (30%), atrial septal defects (10%), and patent ductus arteriosus (10%).
- Defects are classified as shunts (abnormal connections between chambers), obstructions, or transpositions of vessels.
- Specific defects like tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great arteries cause right-to-left shunting and cyanosis. Co
27 - Cardiology.pdf
The avian heart has four chambers and is located midway in the thoracic cavity. Key differences from mammalian hearts include a simpler right atrioventricular valve and thicker left ventricle wall. Diagnostic tools for evaluating avian heart disease include auscultation, radiography, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. The avian electrocardiogram differs from mammals due to the direction depolarization waves spread through the ventricles.
Cardiac Anatomy_20120909_中區
1. The document describes the anatomy of the heart, including structures like the atria, ventricles, veins, arteries, valves, and conduction system.
2. It discusses the roles of various structures in electrical conduction through the heart and in common arrhythmias like atrial flutter and fibrillation.
3. Diagrams and medical images are provided to illustrate the relationships between heart structures and catheter positions for electrophysiological procedures.
development of heart and it’s clinical abnormal
The heart develops from progenitor heart cells that form the primary heart field in the embryonic disc. These cells form the atria and most of the ventricles. Secondary heart cells form the remaining parts of the ventricles and outflow tract. The heart tube forms from fusion of endothelial tubes and develops chambers and septa. Defects can occur if septa fail to form properly, allowing shunting of blood between chambers. The heart loops within the pericardial cavity as it develops.
Heart in vetrebrates
Evolutionary change in heart of vertebrates
Heart is situated ventral to the oseophagus in the pericardial section of the coelom.
Heart is a highly muscular pumping organ that pumps blood into arteries and sucks it back through the veins.
In vertebrates it has undergone transformation by twisting from a straight tube to a complex multi-chambered organ.
. There has been an increase in the number of chambers in heart during evolution of vertebrates.
The heart is covered by a transparent protective covering, called pericardium. It is a single layer in fish.
Within pericardium there is a pericardial fluid, protects the heart from the external injury.
The evolution of the heart is based on the separation of oxygenated blood from deoxygenated blood for efficient oxygen transport.
Similar to Development of Heart and Fetal circulation (20)
USMLE CVS 006 007 Development of the heart anatomy .pdf
USMLE CVS 006 007 Development of the heart anatomy .pdf
USMLE CVS 005 Blood vessels – Arteries and veins.pdf
USMLE CVS 005 Blood vessels – Arteries and veins.pdf
An unusual origin of brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries 2018
An unusual origin of brachiocephalic and left common carotid arteries 2018
chapter-46-circulatory-and-respiratory-systems.pdf
chapter-46-circulatory-and-respiratory-systems.pdf
More from Ravi Kumar
Approach to a child with Constipation
This document provides guidance on evaluating and managing childhood constipation. It defines functional constipation and outlines risk factors, such as diet and psychological stresses. The pathogenesis is described as a vicious cycle of hard stools and pain that worsens retention. Evaluation involves history, physical exam including digital rectal exam, and considering red flags requiring further workup. Management begins with disimpaction if needed, followed by maintenance therapy including diet, toilet training, and laxatives. Refractory cases may require advanced testing and have underlying motility issues.
Thesis Meet
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of vestibular stimulation using an Indian hammock (Thooli) and music therapy in the prevention and management of infantile colic in term infants. 435 newborns will be randomly assigned to receive the hammock, music, or standard care (control). Parents will record crying times and the interventions will occur from birth to 4 months. The primary outcome is the incidence of colic in each group based on standard criteria. Secondary outcomes include cultural practices for colic, breastfeeding rates, and crying durations. Recruitment is complete and follow-up is ongoing to assess outcomes and determine if hammock or music therapy can effectively address infantile colic.
Racecadotril in management of Rotaviral & Non Rotaviral Diarrhea in under 5 c...
Racecadotril is an enkaphalinase inhibitor that has been shown to decrease diarrhea duration in children. Two randomized controlled trials studied the effect of racecadotril on rotavirus and non-rotavirus diarrhea in children under five. The trials found no significant difference in diarrhea duration, stool output, or fluid intake between children given racecadotril or placebo. The studies suggest that racecadotril is not effective in reducing diarrhea symptoms in children with acute gastroenteritis.
Bifi dobacterium breve BBG-001 in very preterm infants: a randomised controll...
1) This randomized controlled trial tested the effectiveness of the probiotic Bifidobacterium breve BBG-001 in reducing necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, and death in very preterm infants between 23-30 weeks gestation.
2) 1315 infants from 24 hospitals in southeast England were randomly assigned to receive either the probiotic or placebo within 48 hours of birth.
3) The trial found no evidence of benefit for the probiotic in reducing the three primary outcomes of necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis over 72 hours, or death before hospital discharge.
Enteral Paracetamol or Intravenous Indomethacin For Closure of PDA In Preterm...
This randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy of enteral paracetamol versus intravenous indomethacin for closing a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm neonates. 77 preterm infants were randomly assigned to receive either paracetamol drops through a feeding tube every 6 hours for 7 days, or intravenous indomethacin once daily for 3 days. The primary outcome was PDA closure rate assessed by echocardiography. There was no significant difference in PDA closure rates or secondary adverse event outcomes between the two groups. The study concluded that oral paracetamol is safe but not superior to intravenous indomethacin for closing a PDA in preterm neonates.
TORCH INFECTION
This document discusses various perinatal and congenital infections including TORCH infections. It provides details on the causative organisms, modes of transmission, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of toxoplasmosis, rubella, CMV, herpes, HIV, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, varicella zoster virus, syphilis, malaria, and parvovirus infections. Timely diagnosis and treatment of perinatally acquired infections is important. Prevention strategies include maternal screening, vaccination, treatment of infected mothers, and avoiding risk factors during pregnancy and delivery.
Fungal infection in Neonates
Fungal infections, particularly those caused by Candida, are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates, especially low birth weight and extremely low birth weight infants. Candida albicans is the most common species identified. Clinical manifestations vary from localized skin infections to life-threatening systemic infection. Risk factors include prematurity, broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure, and presence of central lines. Treatment involves antifungal agents like amphotericin B and fluconazole. Prevention focuses on minimizing antibiotic use, changing intravenous lines and fluids regularly, and removing central lines when candidemia is present.
Speech Delay
1. Speech and language development is an important indicator of a child's overall development. This document discusses normal speech and language development, types of speech and language delays, diagnosis, and management.
2. Speech refers to verbal production while language refers to conceptual processing; the left hemisphere is dominant for language in most.
3. Speech delays can be in articulation, voice, or fluency while language delays can be receptive or expressive. Developmental delays and disorders like autism can also cause speech/language problems.
Beta lactamase inhibitors
This document discusses beta-lactamase inhibitors which are used to combat bacteria that have developed resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics like penicillins and cephalosporins. It explains that beta-lactamase enzymes produced by bacteria inactivate beta-lactam antibiotics by breaking the beta-lactam ring. The three main inhibitors discussed are clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam, which are commonly used in combination with other antibiotics. Clavulanic acid is well-absorbed orally and re-establishes activity against common resistant bacteria. Sulbactam has less potency than clavulanic acid and is preferably given parenter
NAIT
This document provides an overview of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT). It discusses that NAIT is caused by maternal antibodies destroying fetal platelets, which can lead to intracranial hemorrhage in the fetus or newborn. The document outlines the diagnosis, which involves testing the mother and father for platelet antigens, as well as the management approaches for the affected newborn and fetus in subsequent pregnancies. These include transfusion of platelets for low counts with bleeding, and administration of intravenous immunoglobulin and corticosteroids to the mother during pregnancy. The goal of antenatal management is to prevent intracranial hemorrhage in the fetus.
Febrile Seizure
This document discusses febrile seizures in children. It defines febrile seizures as seizures accompanied by fever in children between 6 months and 5 years of age without underlying causes. Febrile seizures are classified as simple or complex based on duration and recurrence. Risk factors for recurrence and developing epilepsy are provided. Evaluation may include bloodwork, lumbar puncture and imaging in some cases. Acute management focuses on treating the seizure and fever. Intermittent or continuous anti-seizure medication prophylaxis may be considered for children at higher risk of recurrence.
Approach to Hypoglycemia in childhood
This document discusses the approach to hypoglycemia in childhood. It begins by defining hypoglycemia and describing the importance of glucose for brain development. It then discusses the pathophysiology of hypoglycemia, focusing on how the body maintains blood glucose levels through glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, and lipolysis. The clinical features of hypoglycemia are presented, distinguishing between sympathetic overactivity and neuroglycopenic symptoms. Common etiologies like hyperinsulinism, metabolic disorders, and systemic illnesses are outlined. The document concludes with recommendations for investigating hypoglycemia, managing acute episodes, and treating underlying causes to prevent long-term neurological consequences.
Candida BSI Journal Club
This study analyzed 114 cases of neonatal Candida bloodstream infection from a tertiary care hospital in central India over 5 years. It found that non-albicans Candida species like C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis were associated with higher mortality and longer hospital stays. These species also showed higher resistance to the antifungal drugs fluconazole and amphotericin B. Risk factors for infection included having a central line for over 7 days, hospitalization over 28 days, and mechanical ventilation over 5 days. The study highlights the need for timely fungal cultures and susceptibility testing to guide appropriate antifungal treatment and reduce mortality from these infections.
Fluid Therapy in Pediatrics
This document discusses fluid therapy in pediatric intensive care. It covers fluid distribution in the body, regulation of fluid exchange, principles of fluid therapy including maintenance and replacement of deficits. It describes composition of body fluids and disorders of osmolality. It provides guidance on fluid therapy for different types of dehydration including isonatremic, hyponatremic, and hypernatremic dehydration. It also addresses fluid replacement for conditions that cause fluid loss such as diarrhea, emesis, and altered renal output.
Breath Holding Spells
Breath-holding spells are a common psychosomatic disorder seen in children between 6 months and 6 years old. There are two main types - cyanotic spells which involve apnea and cyanosis, and pallid spells which cause hypotonia and loss of consciousness. Breath-holding spells are usually benign and result from an immature autonomic nervous system. A family history of spells is present in about 35% of cases. Diagnosis is based on clinical history and examination, with no additional testing needed. Management involves reassurance, placing the child on their side during spells, iron supplementation, and potentially atropine or piracetam for severe cases.
DKA
1. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is characterized by hyperglycemia, ketonemia, and metabolic acidosis in patients with diabetes mellitus.
2. Risk factors include newly diagnosed diabetes, insulin omission, poor metabolic control, and infection.
3. Treatment involves intravenous fluid resuscitation, insulin therapy, electrolyte replacement, and treating any precipitating infections.
4. Complications of DKA treatment include cerebral edema, hypoglycemia, and hypokalemia. Close monitoring of fluid balance, electrolytes, and blood glucose is important.
Timing of Interventions in Acyanotic CHD
This document discusses the timing of interventions for acyanotic heart disease in children. It covers several conditions including atrial septal defects, ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, atrioventricular septal defects, coarctation of the aorta, aortic stenosis, and pulmonic stenosis. For each condition, it describes the typical presentation, diagnosis, natural history if left untreated, and recommendations for the ideal timing of intervention based on factors like the size of the defect, presence of heart failure or pulmonary hypertension, and age of the child. Interventions may include surgical repair, device closure, or balloon dilation depending on the specific condition and characteristics of each case. The goal is to provide evidence-based
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia PART 1
1) Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of disorders caused by deficiencies in cortisol biosynthesis. This leads to excess production of androgens, causing virilization in females and precocious puberty in males.
2) The most common type is 21-hydroxylase deficiency, which accounts for 95% of CAH cases. It can present as the severe salt-wasting form or the milder simple virilizing form.
3) Diagnosis is based on elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels in the presence of clinical signs. Genetic testing can confirm the type of enzyme deficiency present.
Approach to Hyperkalemia
This document discusses potassium metabolism and the approach to hyperkalemia. It begins with an introduction to potassium physiology and homeostasis. The kidney plays a key role in potassium excretion, reabsorbing 85-90% in the distal tubules where regulation occurs. Hyperkalemia is defined as a serum potassium over 5.5 mEq/L and can be caused by increased potassium load, impaired excretion, or transcellular shifting. Treatment focuses on stabilizing cardiac cells, rapidly lowering potassium levels, and enhancing elimination while addressing the underlying cause. Emergency therapies include calcium gluconate, insulin therapy, beta agonists, and sodium polystyrene sulfonate.
GBS
Guillain-Barré syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of the nerves. It is often triggered by a bacterial or viral infection. The main symptoms are progressive weakness in the legs and arms, loss of reflexes, and ascending paralysis. Diagnosis involves examining CSF, nerve conduction tests, and ruling out other causes. Treatment for severe cases includes IVIG or plasmapheresis. Most patients recover fully, but some have long-term weakness or paralysis if respiratory muscles are affected.
More from Ravi Kumar (20)
Racecadotril in management of Rotaviral & Non Rotaviral Diarrhea in under 5 c...
Racecadotril in management of Rotaviral & Non Rotaviral Diarrhea in under 5 c...
Bifi dobacterium breve BBG-001 in very preterm infants: a randomised controll...
Bifi dobacterium breve BBG-001 in very preterm infants: a randomised controll...
Enteral Paracetamol or Intravenous Indomethacin For Closure of PDA In Preterm...
Enteral Paracetamol or Intravenous Indomethacin For Closure of PDA In Preterm...
Recently uploaded
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
vonoprazan A novel drug for GERD presentation
Vonoprazan, a new potassium acid channel blocker used in the conditions of GERD and gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer ....
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS)
Artificial Intelligence Symposium (THAIS). Parc Taulí. Sabadell
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
une 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
This quiz was conducted as a promotional event for the 2024 Annual Meet of Kerala Chapter of API.
More than 20 participants took part everyday !
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
Pollen and Fungal allergy: aeroallergy.pdf
Pollen and Fungal allergy: aeroallergy.pdfChulalongkorn Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group
Pollen and Fungal allergy
Presented by Chaloemchai Chumsaengchotsakul, MD.
June 14, 2024SENSORY NEEDS B.SC. NURSING SEMESTER II.
Sensation is the neurological process by which we become aware of surrounding environment.
Cervical Disc Arthroplasty ORSI 2024.pptx
Indication and installation of a mobile cervical disc prosthesis. Benefits of the PRODISC C VIVO mobile disc prosthesis (Centinel Spine)
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Challenges associated with ageing from a public health perspective
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.NARCOTICS- POLICY AND PROCEDURES FOR ITS USE
This document outlines policies and procedures for handling narcotic and controlled drugs in NABH accredited hospitals.
How to choose the best dermatologists in Indore.
The skin is the largest organ and its health plays a vital role among the other sense organs. The skin concerns like acne breakout, psoriasis, or anything similar along the lines, finding a qualified and experienced dermatologist becomes paramount.
Recently uploaded (20)
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdf
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
June 2024 Oncology Cartoons By Dr Kanhu Charan Patro
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
Medical Quiz ( Online Quiz for API Meet 2024 ).pdf
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory project
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
CHEMOTHERAPY_RDP_CHAPTER 6_Anti Malarial Drugs.pdf
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotes
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
Ageing, the Elderly, Gerontology and Public Health
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
Development of Heart and Fetal circulation
- 1. P R E S E N T E D B Y : D R . M A H E S H Y A D A V ( P . G . ) R E F E R E N E C E ( N E L S O N 2 1 T H S O U T H I N D I A A S I A E D I T I O N A N D I N D E R B I R S I N G H T E X T B O O K O F E M B R Y O L O G Y ) DEVELOPMENT OF HEART AND FETAL CIRCULATION
- 2. INTRODUCTION CHANGES IN SINU-ATRIAL ORIFICE FORMATION OF ATRIA FORMATION OF INTER ATRIAL SEPTUM DEVELOPMENT OF RIGHT ATRIUM AND LEFT ATRIUM DEVELOPMET OF VENTRICLES DEVELOPMENT OF INTER VENTRICULAR SEPTUM FETAL CIRCULATION CHANGES AFTER BIRTH IN CIRCULATION
- 3. INTRODUCTION It is splanchnopleuric mesodermal in origin , from the cardiogenic area(19days) . First seen in the from of two Endothelial heart tubes – Right and left . These endothelial tubes fuse together to form a single tube which shows series of dilation 1. Bulbus cordis 2. Ventricle 3. Atrium 4. Sinus venosus
- 7. FORMATION OF A.V. CUSHION
- 8. FORMATION OF INTER ATRIAL SEPTUM
- 10. DEVELOPMENT OF RIGHT ATRIUM
- 11. DEVELOPMENT OF LEFT ATRIUM 1. Left half of the primitive atrial chamber . 2. Left half of the atrio- ventricular canal . 3. Absorbed proximal parts of the pulmonary veins .
- 15. CONGENITAL ANAMOLY OF THE HEART 1. ACYANOTIC CONEGENITAL HEART DISEASE(LEFT TO RIGHT SHUNT o PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS o ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT o VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT o COARTICATION OF AORTA
- 16. 2. CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE o TETRALOGY OF FALLOT o TRANSPOSITION OF GREAT ARTERIES o TRUNCUS ARTERIOSUS o TRICUSPID ATRESIA
- 17. FETAL CIRCULATION DEFINITION: The fetal circulation is the circulatory system of a human fetus, often encompassing the entire fetoplacental circulation which includes the umbilical cord and the blood vessels within the placenta that carry fetal blood.
- 18. PATHWAY Placenta Umbilical Vein Umbilical Arteries Liver Ductus Venosus Inferior Venacava Right Atrium Foramen Ovale Right Lung Arch of Aoarta Ductus Arteriosus Left Atrium Left Ventricle Right Ventricle Portal Vein
- 19. Umbilical Cord 2umbilical arteries: return non-oxygenated blood, fecal waste, CO2 to placenta 1umbilical vein: brings oxygenated blood and nutrients to the fetus
- 20. PATHWAY Oxygenated blood from the placenta through umbilical vein fetus liver Receives deoxygenated blood from the portal vein through ductus venosus Inferior vena cava Right atrium of heart through foramen ovale Left atrium of the heart Left ventricle of the heart
- 21. During ventricular systole Left ventricular blood Right ventricular blood pumped with < o2 content Ascending aorta and distributed is discharged by their branches to the heart, Pulmonary arteries head,neck,brain,arms. Ductus arteriosus Descending aorta Hypogastric arteries Umbilical arteries Placenta
- 22. During fetal life 350ml per kg per min Cardiac Output Following birth 500ml per min Heart Rate 120-140per min
- 23. At birth Clamping the cord shuts down low-pressure system Increased atmospheric pressure(increased systemic vascular resistance) causes lungs to inflate with oxygen Lungs now become a low-pressure system
- 24. CHANGES IN THE FETAL CIRCULATION AFTER BIRTH Shunt Functional closure Anatomical closure Remnant Ductus arteriosus 10 – 96 hrs after birth 2 – 3 wks after birth Ligamentum arteriosum Formamen ovale Within several mins after birth One year after birth Fossa ovalis Ductus venosus Within several mins after birth 3 – 7 days after birth Ligamentum venosum
- 25. THANK U