Developing quality assurance model in govt. schools in Pakistan. Problems of Pakistani Schools. Enhancing The Quality education in Pakistani Schools. Schools of Pakistan.

1. Major Write Up
DevelopingQuality AssuranceModel in Govt. Schools.
Submitted By:
Mr. Abbas Ali
Department of Management Sciences
Attock Campus

2. Developing Quality Assurance Model in Govt. Schools.
What is Quality Assurance
 The maintenance of desired level Quality in services or product.
 Quality Assurance is a way of preventing mistakes and defects in
manufacturing products or delivering services.
EducationalSystem in Pakistan
The education system in Pakistan is overseen by Ministry of Education Provincial and District
Govt. There are different levels of Education in Pakistan such as Primary education from age 2.5
to 5 years, Primary level is from 1 to 5 class, middle is from class 6 to class 8, high is from class
9 to class 10 (SSC), intermediate is from 1st year to 2nd year (HSSC) and university programs are
under graduate, graduate and post graduates. Our areas of concerns are from Primary education
to High.
Overview of Education of Pakistan (1947-48)
There was not a single professional college in the country (Jalil, 1998).
In1947–1948, Pakistan’s entire educational infrastructure was estimated:
 Primary and middle schools 10,000
 Secondary schools 408
 Secondary vocational institutions 46
 Arts and Science colleges 40
 Universities 02
Few Sayings
Herein following few quotations related to quality of education enhancement is given below.
 Sadkar & Sadkar (2000-P.203)
Learning in school is formally organized then learning in life.
 Dill (2003-P.1)
Quality of Education is Non-Measureable.

3. Constitutional view
Article 25A. Right to education.
The State shall provide free and compulsory education to all children of the age of five to sixteen
years in such manner as may be determined by law.
Notes:
Section 9 of the Constitution (Eighteenth Amendment) Act, 2010 (10 of 2010), inserted a new
Art. 25A, after Art. 25 of the Constitution, (w.e.f. April 19, 2010).
The National Assembly on Tuesday passed the Right to free and Compulsory Education Bill
2012 unanimously to ensure free and compulsory education to all children of aged five to sixteen
years as enshrined in the Article 25-A of the Constitution. The bill was passed in the National
Assembly’s session which was presided over by Faisal Kareem Kundi. The house adopted the
private member bill, also passed by the Senate was piloted by PPP lawmaker Yasmeen Rehman.
The statement of objects and reasons of the bill says, Article 25A of the constitution of the
Islamic Republic of Pakistan 1973 provides for free education to all children of aged five to
sixteen as a fundamental right and its provision is a responsibility of the state. Accordingly, a
comprehensive law to provide for free and compulsory education is the mandate of the
constitution and the need of the time. The bill provides education for all children of the age 5-16
in schools established by the federal government and local government in Islamabad Capital
Territory (ICT).Under the bill, every child, regardless of sex, nationality or race, shall have a
fundamental right to free and compulsory education in a neighborhood school.
Gender Differences
Gender differences are very much effecting on quality of education in Pakistan. These
differences are due to some norms and traditions which are against the educations of girls.
Females are treated inferior as compare to males. Some facts and figures by UNESCO are given
below to explain this gender difference.
 According to UNESCO figures (Dawn, 23 Feb. 2004, editorial), primary school
enrolment for girls stands at 60 per cent as compared to 84 per cent for boys.
The secondary school enrolment ratio is even more discouraging, 32 per cent females and
46 per cent males. Regular school attendance for female students is estimated at 41 per
cent while for male students is 50 per cent.
 According to the Population Census of 1998, the overall literacy rate in Pakistan was 45
percent. The number of literate females increased from 0.8 million in 1961 to 11.4
million in 1997-98. The growth rate for male’s literacy was the 5.1 percent per annum.

4. Enrollment Rate
Pakistan educational statistics defines the enrollment rate of education of different levels such as
Primary 22.65 million, Secondary 2.88 million and post secondary 1.34 million.
Literacy rate
If we look at the overall literacy rate of Pakistan 2015 so it is 58%. If we further divide this
literacy rate in different levels so the figure will be like Punjab 61%, Kpk 53%, Sindh 56% and
Baluchistan 43%.

5. Adult Literacy
Herein following, adult literacy rate of Pakistan is compared with Pakistan’s neighbor countries.
Adult literacy of Sri Lanka 98%, Qatar 97%, China 95%, Iran 87%, Iraq 81%, India 75% and
Bangladesh 71% while on other hand in this race Pakistan is far behind from all of it’s neighbors
with having Pakistan is 61%.
Expenditure on Education
Herein following a table given, showing expenditure on education in different years
Pillars of Education
Different researchers and educationists defines different pillars of education which plays vital
role in education’s quality enhancement and majority of them are agree and focusing on a trica,
which is as follows
 Teachers (Quality of Teachers)
 Curriculum (Advancement)
 Basic Facilities (Provide in Rustic Areas)
Reforms
There are some steps taken by govt. for bringing reforms and advancement in educational sector
for enhancing the quality of education at schools level. These some reforms are:
 Improvement of curriculum
 Staff development and training

6.  Establishing NEAS
 Academic Audits
 Text Books Board
 Govt. Incentives
 Advancements ( Scientific Laboratories)
New Direction in School Reforms in Karachi:
There are various schools and quality of education improvement programs have begun at
primary school level. Few of them are:
PEP:
 Primary education program (PEP).
 It aimed to involve decision-makers, principals, teachers, parents and the community
in improving and sustaining quality primary education.
TRC:
 Teachers’ Resource Centre was started in July 1997 and it was completed in 2002.
 TRC is a non-profit, non government organization.
SEF:
 Sindh Education Program was initiated in 1997.
 It was semi govt. organization. SEF started ‘Adopt School Program’
SPEDP:
 Sindh primary education development program.
 The main goals were to improve access to primary education, especially for girls,
with equity and quality.
Book Group:
 It was private book publishing organization. Initiated the ‘Government School
Project’.
 In 1995 Government of Sindh issued a notification to transfer the management of a
government girl’s primary school to the Book Group.
 Book Group improved the quality of education in the school by introducing more
relevant curriculum in the school (The Book Group, 1996).

7. Problems in Education
As it is discussed before that education’s quality in Pakistan in school level is going towards
positive increase while on other hand there are some problems of this sector still remain there.
These problems are also the barriers in educational quality enhancement. These problems are
 Lack of Proper Planning
 Social Constraints
 Gender Gap
 Cost of Education
 Technical Education
 War on Terror
UNESCO 2010
There are some factors related to quality education discussed by UNESCO in 2010 which brings
positive change in society’s different sectors such as:
 Eradicate Poverty
 Eradicate Hunger
 Gender Equality in different fields
 Women Empowerment
 Child Morality
 Combat with different diseases
 Environmental responsibility
 Global Partnership
 Social Ownerships
Challenges ofEducation
There are certain challenges faced by Pakistani education system in current scenario due to
which this sector is feeling difficulties in enhancing it quality. That challenges are as follows:
 Uncertainty
 Political instability
 Crises
 Terrorism
 Corruption
 Lack of Accountability
Suggestions/ Recommendations

8. After reading some research papers and case studies related to enhancement of quality of
education in Pakistani schools the conclusion is extracted in shape of some recommendations
that how we can enhance and uplift the quality education as per international standards. These
few suggestions are:
 Infrastructure not fully utilized
 Hiring process improve
 Shortage of teacher
 Management improvement
 Access of education for all
 Poor literacy due to Corruption in education
 Insufficient finance
 Curriculum needs advancements

9. References:
1. Barrs, J. (2005). Factors contributed by community organizations to the motivation of
teachers in rural Punjab, Pakistan, and implications for the quality of
teaching. International Journal of Educational Development, 25(3), 333-348.
2. Behrman, J. R., Ross, D., & Sabot, R. (2008). Improving quality versus increasing the
quantity of schooling: Estimates of rates of return from rural Pakistan. Journal of
Development Economics, 85(1), 94-104.
3. Elassy, N. (2015). The concepts of quality, Quality Assurance and Quality
Enhancement. Quality Assurance in Education, 23(3).
4. Halai, A. (2011). Equality or equity: Gender awareness issues in secondary schools in
Pakistan. International Journal of Educational Development,31(1), 44-49
5. Khan, A. S. (2013). A study to investigate the quality of education at secondary level in
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: A survey of government girls higher secondary school
No 2, Dera Ismail Khan. Universal Journal of Education and General Studies, 2(8), 276-
284.
6. Memon, G. R., Joubish, M. F., & Khurram, M. A. (2010). Education in Pakistan: The key
issues, problems and the new challenges. Middle-East Journal of Scientific
Research, 6(6), 672-7.
7. Ramseook-Munhurrun, P., &Nundlall, P. (2013). Service quality measurement for
secondary school setting. Quality Assurance in Education,21(4), 387-401.
8. Rizvi, M., & Elliot, B. (2005). Teachers' perceptions of their professionalism in
government primary schools in Karachi, Pakistan. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher
Education, 33(1), 35-52.
9. Saeed, U. H., Tahirkheli, S. A., Raja, S. A., & Khan, S. B. (2011). Quality School
Education In Pakistan: Challenges, Successes And Strategies.International Journal Of
Academic Research, 3(2).