The document compares the education systems of Pakistan and China, highlighting historical development, management bodies, and literacy rates. Pakistan's education faces challenges such as low literacy (around 66%), outdated curriculum, and teacher shortages, while China boasts a strong and internationally recognized higher education system with a literacy rate exceeding 90%. The analysis concludes that significant improvements in Pakistan's education infrastructure and quality are necessary for progress.

1. COMPARING THE EDUCATION
SYSTEM OF PAKISTAN WITH CHINA

2. CONTENT
History
Management Bodies in education
Education system
Literacy stats
1
3
2
4
6 Teacher’s quality
5 Quality of education

3. Pakistan traces its history of education
to the advent of Islam and
Islamic/Arabic culture to the Indian
subcontinent with the invasion of
Muhammad bin Qasim in Sind in 712
A.D
History
The history of education in China began with
the birth of the Chinese civilization. Nobles
often set up educational establishments for
their offspring. Establishment of the imperial
examinations (advocated in the Warring
States period, originated in Han, founded in
Tang) was instrumental in the transition from
an aristocratic to a meritocratic government.
Education was also seen as a symbol of
power.

4. Education in Pakistan is overseen by
the Federal Ministry of Education and
the provincial governments, whereas
the federal government mostly assists
in curriculum development,
accreditation and in the financing of
research and development.
Management Bodies
Education in China is primarily managed
by the state-run public education system,
which falls under the Ministry of
Education.

5. The expenditure on education is
around 2% of Pakistan's
GDP. However, in 209 the government
approved the new national education
policy, which stipulates that education
expenditure will be increased to 7% of
GDP, an idea that was first suggested
by the Punjab government.
GDPAllocation For Education
In 2020, public expenditure on education
in China amounted to around 4.22
percent of national GDP. That value
increased from around 2.5 percent in the
mid-1990s to above 4 percent in 2012,
but did not change very much in recent
years.

6. The literacy rate ranges from 82%
in Islamabad to 23% in the Torghar
District. Literacy rates vary by gender
and region. In tribal areas female literacy
is 9.5%, while Azad Kashmir has a
literacy rate of 74%. Pakistan produces
about 445,000 university graduates and
25,000-30,000 computer science
graduates per year. Despite these
statistics, Pakistan still has low literacy
rate. And Pakistan also has the second
largest out of school population (22.8
million children) after Nigeria.
Literacy Stats
The continuing campaigns to
eradicate illiteracy also were a part
of basic education. Chinese
government statistics indicated that
of a total population of nearly 1.1
billion in 1985, about 230 million
people were illiterate or semiliterate.
The difficulty of mastering written
Chinese makes raising
the literacy rate particularly
difficult.

7. The education system in Pakistan is generally
divided into six levels:
• Preschool (for the age from 3 to 5 years),
• Primary (grades one through five),
• Middle (grades six through eight),
• High (grades nine and ten, leading to
the Secondary School Certificate or SSC),
• Intermediate (grades eleven and twelve,
leading to a Higher Secondary School
Certificate or HSSC), and
• University programs leading
to undergraduate and graduate degrees.
Education System Levels
Schooling in China consists of
• Kindergarten(3 years)
• Primary school,(6 years)
• Three years of junior middle school
(also known as secondary school), and
senior middle school (high school).
• First 9 year is compulsory education
and in pinciple for free
• Senior/vocational(3 year).

8. The Higher Education Commission
established in 2002 is responsible for
all universities and degree awarding
institutes. It was established in 2002
with Prof. Atta-ur-Rahman FRS as its
Founding Chairman
Education System Levels
Laws in China regulating the system of
education include the Regulation on
Academic Degrees, the Compulsory
Education Law, the Teachers Law, the
Education Law, the Law on Vocational
Education, and the Law on Higher
Education.

9. Semester system is used in the examination
system.
• Primary:
The academic year is divided into two
semesters, each consisting of 19 weeks, with
a total of 38 weeks of instruction for the year.
• Secondary:
The academic year is divided into two
semesters for junior middle school and senior
middle school consists of 39 or 40 weeks of
instruction, with one week in reserve.
• Vocational and Technical education:
Semester system is used and each year has
two semester. It includes 39or 40 weeks.
Education System Analysis
In Pakistan , At school level there are usually 3
terms or semester in a year. Then at college it
becomes annual system. Further at university
level it is divided into both. Semester system in
some courses and annual examination at
others.

10. • Adult education:
Semester system is used and each year have 2
semester. It includes 39 or 40 weeks.
• HIGHER EDUCATION:
Semester system is used in colleges and
universities. Three semester system dividing
the academic year.
1.Fall term (September to December)
2. Winter term (January to April)
3. summer term (May to August)
Education System Analysis

11. The country of Pakistan is a profound
patriarchal society. Throughout
Pakistan's educational system, there is a
gender disparity between males and
females. In fact, according to the 2016
Global Gender Gap Report, Pakistan was
ranked the second worst country in the
world regarding gender inequality.
Gender Inequality
Although gender inequality in the context
of education has lessened considerably in
the last thirty years, the rapid economic
growth China experienced during that
time created uneven growth across regions
of the country. Language barriers among
minority populations, as well as drastic
differences in regional laws governing
school attendance, contribute to the
differing levels of gender equality in
education.

12. There is a shortage of teachers in
Pakistan. Labs are old, outdated, and
poorly equipped, and curriculum is very
outdated and does not have much
relevance to today's world. Issues within
the schools include defective teaching
materials and curriculum, substandard
and under qualified teachers, and
overcrowded classrooms.
Quality of Education
Currently, China has around
3,012 colleges and universities. The
quality of universities and higher
education in China is internationally
recognized as the country has the world's
second highest number of universities in
some rankings.

13. In 2018, for first
time NUST, Islamabad was ranked
among top 100 QS Asia University
rankings at 91. Also 7 universities of
Pakistan were ranked among top 1000
QS Asia University rankings 2018.
Achievements
According to THE China Subject Ratings
2020 conducted by the Time Higher
Education World University Rankings,
Chinese universities are on a par with their
counterparts in the US, the UK, and
Germany across 89 subjects ahead of
others like France, South Korea, and
Russia.

14. According to UNESCO statistics, the
number of outbound Pakistani degree-
seeking students grew by 70 percent over
the last decade, from 31,156 in 2007
to 53,023 in 2017
Overseas Students
The number of foreigners wanting to
study in China has been rising by
approximately 20% annually since
the reform and opening period
began. According to official government
figures 195,503 overseas students from
188 countries and regions came to study
on the mainland in 2007 although the
number is believed to be somewhere
around 300,000 students, because the
government's figures do not include
students studying at private language
schools. This makes China the world's
sixth-largest study abroad destination.

15. Some major obstacles faced by the
education system in Pakistan include:
access to education, equal opportunities,
relevance, required teachers, and
environment. Pakistan teachers face
knowledge gaps regarding human rights
due to outdated teacher education
curriculum.
In 2014, 87.3 percent and 96.5 percent of
rural and urban primary school teachers
held junior college educational
qualification or above respectively; 73.3
percent and 87.8 percent of rural and
urban lower secondary school teachers
held a bachelor's degree or above
respectively.
Teachers' Quality

16. Conclusion
There is a lot of gap in the quality of the education in
both of the countries. This gap, in my view, is because
of differences in the infrastructure, discipline,
classroom management, teaching, school timings,
examination methods, assessment, evaluation, and
standards and quality of education in both countries.
Pakistan lacks in all of the aforementioned areas,
especially in the public sector educational system,
which is the main provider of education for the
masses.

17. Conclusion
We generally fail to achieve the desired results
because we have not been able to improve in all
these areas. Without developing a
comprehensive and robust learning system,
based on science and logic, we will not be able to
overhaul the system, and the vicious cycle will
continue. If we want to make the system better,
we will have to improve all these area, instead of
blaming the system.

18. Conclusion
Literacy rate of a country is an indication to measure
how successfully education is being imparted. Nearly
90 percent literacy rate is an internationally agreed
target for education of the population in a country.
China has managed to cross this point. Pakistan’s
situation, however, is not good in this respect.
According to a survey performed in 2017 the literacy
rate of Pakistan is around 66 percent, among
the lowest literacy rates in the world. And if we
consider the quality of education being imparted, the
situation looks even grimmer.

19. Conclusion
Another important area is higher education,
which is mainly responsible to drive a country
towards progress by providing professional and
expert manpower. The system of higher
education of Pakistan shares many similarities
with the higher education system of China as
both the countries possess colleges, technical
institutions and universities.

20. Conclusion
In the end I would say that if we worked hard
and abandoned unfair means to get success no
power of the world can stop us in getting
successful.

21. Thankyou