This document summarizes a study that used a comparative approach to analyze urban accessibility in Madrid, Spain. It calculated accessibility to jobs from origin-destination pairs using different transport scenarios for private cars and public transit. The study found that private cars provided much higher accessibility than public transit. Accessibility was highest in central areas and lowest in peripheries for both transport modes. For public transit, travel times varied more in peripheries and were more affected by frequencies. The analysis identified constraints on accessibility to help define policy responses to improve transport equity and sustainability.
Guest presentation to the Institute for Transport Studies by Keith Buchan, Policy Director of the Transport Planning Society (TPS), 12th November 2014
Keith Buchan outlines what the Transport Planning Society would like to see included in a transport manifesto for the new Government which will be elected in 2015.
Keith Buchan, is the Policy Director of the Transport Planning Society. He has been an Executive Director of Metropolitan Transport Research Unit (MTRU), an independent transport planning consultancy, since 1989. Prior to that he worked for local authorities, including the Greater London Council where he was responsible for implementing the Night and Weekend Lorry Ban. His work has included objectives led assessment, traffic restraint, ‘new generation’ bus priority, demand responsive transport and heavy vehicle studies. Keith recently completed a draft UK strategy to reduce carbon emissions from transport including aviation and shipping. He was a Government adviser for the 1997 national road traffic forecasts (NRTF) that were part of the original NATA in 1998, and is a member of the advisory group now working on the NATA Refresh.
New Generation Transport (NGT) www.ngtmetro.com
presentation by Louise Porter & Tom Hacker, delivered to postgraduate students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) University of Leeds, UK. 27 November 2014
Guest presentation to the Institute for Transport Studies by Keith Buchan, Policy Director of the Transport Planning Society (TPS), 12th November 2014
Keith Buchan outlines what the Transport Planning Society would like to see included in a transport manifesto for the new Government which will be elected in 2015.
Keith Buchan, is the Policy Director of the Transport Planning Society. He has been an Executive Director of Metropolitan Transport Research Unit (MTRU), an independent transport planning consultancy, since 1989. Prior to that he worked for local authorities, including the Greater London Council where he was responsible for implementing the Night and Weekend Lorry Ban. His work has included objectives led assessment, traffic restraint, ‘new generation’ bus priority, demand responsive transport and heavy vehicle studies. Keith recently completed a draft UK strategy to reduce carbon emissions from transport including aviation and shipping. He was a Government adviser for the 1997 national road traffic forecasts (NRTF) that were part of the original NATA in 1998, and is a member of the advisory group now working on the NATA Refresh.
New Generation Transport (NGT) www.ngtmetro.com
presentation by Louise Porter & Tom Hacker, delivered to postgraduate students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) University of Leeds, UK. 27 November 2014
Measuring transport related accessibility restrictionsMarcin Stępniak
Presentation prepared for the meeting: URBAN 2030 - Monitoring and reporting of the urban and territorial dimensions of Social Development Goals (SDGs) – Expert Group Meeting on Transport indicators. Meeting organized by DG Regio in collaboration with EU Joint Research Centre, and supported by UN-Habitat.
Posters summarizing dissertation research projects - presented by MSc students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS), University of Leeds, April 2017. http://bit.ly/2re35Cs
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/dissertation
Using information technology
in participatory budgeting:
The case of the city of cologne
Matthias Trénel & Oliver Märker
Zebralog cross media dialogues
Berlin / Germany
http://www.zebralog.de/en
International Conference
“Participatory Budgeting in Asia and Europe: Key Challenges of Participation”
August 17-19, 2009, University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
Presentation by Stelios Rodoulis, of Jacobs Consulting, to a postgraduate audience at the Institute for Transport studies (ITS), University of Leeds UK. October 2015.
www.linkedin.com/in/rodoulis
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/programme-structure/#tabs-4
Professor Amal Kumarage, Endeavour Executive Fellow, presented his research on Transport Planning as part of the SMART Seminar Series on Tuesday, 25th November 2014.
Deborah Fox, Head of Demand Management, Transport for West Midlands (TfWM) is Guest Speaker for a CILT Green Series webinar on Smart and Sustainable Mobility: Delivering Low Carbon Places
Presentation given on 28 November 2013 at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) www.its.leeds.ac.uk
By James Bennett from METRO www.wymetro.com
Covering the importance of Smartcards from the customer viewpoint, implementation, issues arising from implementation and the benefits associated with implementation.
Data, innovation & transformation in the public sectorAtkins
Atkins’ geospatial lead, Colin Henderson, gave a masterclass on how public sector organisations can use data in innovative ways to provide better services to the public. Colin presented two case studies on how innovative data analysis is being used to deliver cost effective broadband services in rural Scotland and how data is being used to understand and develop the Scottish ICT infrastructure.
This presentation was first delivered in June 2014 at One Public Sector Scotland in Edinburgh, UK.
Read more: http://atkinsglobal.com/en-GB/media-centre/events/atkins-lectures/2014/data-innovation-and-transformation-in-the-public-sector
Posters summarizing dissertation research projects to date, presented by MA and MSc students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS), University of Leeds, April 2016.
http://bit.ly/1Yq5f8U
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/dissertation
Guest presentation Dr Chikage Miyoshi, April 2015.
www.cranfield.ac.uk/about/people-and-resources/academic-profiles/satm-ac-profile/dr-chikage-c-miyoshi.html
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/itslectureseries
Temporal dimension of accessibility. Application for detection of causes of l...Marcin Stępniak
Talk presented at the NECTAR (Network on European Communications and Transport Activities Research) Cluster 6 (Accessibility) the Tenth Anniversary meeting.
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, December 14th-15th 2018
Identyfikacja przyczyn niskiej dostępności przestrzennej: nowe źródła danych...Marcin Stępniak
Presentation (in Polish) at the seminar organized by Department of Urban and Population Studies of Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Science.
Warsaw, April 1st 2019
Measuring transport related accessibility restrictionsMarcin Stępniak
Presentation prepared for the meeting: URBAN 2030 - Monitoring and reporting of the urban and territorial dimensions of Social Development Goals (SDGs) – Expert Group Meeting on Transport indicators. Meeting organized by DG Regio in collaboration with EU Joint Research Centre, and supported by UN-Habitat.
Posters summarizing dissertation research projects - presented by MSc students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS), University of Leeds, April 2017. http://bit.ly/2re35Cs
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/dissertation
Using information technology
in participatory budgeting:
The case of the city of cologne
Matthias Trénel & Oliver Märker
Zebralog cross media dialogues
Berlin / Germany
http://www.zebralog.de/en
International Conference
“Participatory Budgeting in Asia and Europe: Key Challenges of Participation”
August 17-19, 2009, University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, China
Presentation by Stelios Rodoulis, of Jacobs Consulting, to a postgraduate audience at the Institute for Transport studies (ITS), University of Leeds UK. October 2015.
www.linkedin.com/in/rodoulis
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/programme-structure/#tabs-4
Professor Amal Kumarage, Endeavour Executive Fellow, presented his research on Transport Planning as part of the SMART Seminar Series on Tuesday, 25th November 2014.
Deborah Fox, Head of Demand Management, Transport for West Midlands (TfWM) is Guest Speaker for a CILT Green Series webinar on Smart and Sustainable Mobility: Delivering Low Carbon Places
Presentation given on 28 November 2013 at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS) www.its.leeds.ac.uk
By James Bennett from METRO www.wymetro.com
Covering the importance of Smartcards from the customer viewpoint, implementation, issues arising from implementation and the benefits associated with implementation.
Data, innovation & transformation in the public sectorAtkins
Atkins’ geospatial lead, Colin Henderson, gave a masterclass on how public sector organisations can use data in innovative ways to provide better services to the public. Colin presented two case studies on how innovative data analysis is being used to deliver cost effective broadband services in rural Scotland and how data is being used to understand and develop the Scottish ICT infrastructure.
This presentation was first delivered in June 2014 at One Public Sector Scotland in Edinburgh, UK.
Read more: http://atkinsglobal.com/en-GB/media-centre/events/atkins-lectures/2014/data-innovation-and-transformation-in-the-public-sector
Posters summarizing dissertation research projects to date, presented by MA and MSc students at the Institute for Transport Studies (ITS), University of Leeds, April 2016.
http://bit.ly/1Yq5f8U
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/dissertation
Guest presentation Dr Chikage Miyoshi, April 2015.
www.cranfield.ac.uk/about/people-and-resources/academic-profiles/satm-ac-profile/dr-chikage-c-miyoshi.html
www.its.leeds.ac.uk/courses/masters/itslectureseries
Temporal dimension of accessibility. Application for detection of causes of l...Marcin Stępniak
Talk presented at the NECTAR (Network on European Communications and Transport Activities Research) Cluster 6 (Accessibility) the Tenth Anniversary meeting.
Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, December 14th-15th 2018
Identyfikacja przyczyn niskiej dostępności przestrzennej: nowe źródła danych...Marcin Stępniak
Presentation (in Polish) at the seminar organized by Department of Urban and Population Studies of Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Science.
Warsaw, April 1st 2019
The impact of temporal resolution on the precision of accessibility measurementMarcin Stępniak
Slides presented at the event Accessibility in urban modelling: from measurement to policy instruction co-organized by NECTAR Cluster 6 and Urban Europe Research Alliance (UERA).
Lyon, June 18th-20th, 2018
Building smart green mobility in South Tyrol through an open data hubSpeck&Tech
ABSTRACT: For decades the traditional approach for solving mobility and transportation challenges has been based on the idea of creating new road or rail infrastructures. Thanks to the impressive enhancement of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) technologies, in the last years this approach is going into the direction of rather improving the efficiency of how available transportation infrastructure is used. New digital infrastructures allow all mobility actors (vehicles, pedestrians, sensors, traffic management centers) to cooperate together to achieve the ambitious goal of improving mobility, enhancing safety, reducing congestion and environmental impacts. But how can we achieve this and ensure that public and private actors efficiently work together? In South Tyrol we have tried to give an answer to these challenges through the implementation of an open data hub, which enables the real-time data / information exchange among all interested parties and fosters the multiplication of development of research & innovation projects between local companies, research centers and public organizations. After years of implementation, the Open Data Hub South Tyrol is now creating the premises for a new historical phase for mobility in the region, with concepts like Mobility-as-a-Service or environmental traffic management that are finally moving from research to deployment.
BIO: Roberto Cavaliere is an ITS Project Manager at NOI Techpark Südtirol / Alto Adige, a public-owned organization in the Italian alpine region of South Tyrol coordinating the NOI Tech Park and with the mission to drive and foster research & innovation in the region. Roberto is the reference person in NOI for all initiatives in the field of ITS and smart mobility and in the last 10 years has coordinated a relevant number of EU-funded projects in this field. His main interests cover cooperative systems, autonomous driving, ITS for the environment, mobility-as-a-service and sharing mobility, road weather information systems (RWIS).
PrepData4Mobilty Data Gap Analysis - Approach and Discussion.pptxFIWARE
Europe is on its way to generate and make use of more data than ever. The project PrepDSpace4Mobility aims at contributing to the development of the common European mobility data space by supporting the creation of a technical infrastructure that will facilitate easy, cross-border access to key data for both passengers and freight. Given the enormous potential of data and digital technologies, the project is expected to have a positive impact on European competitiveness, society, and the environment.
We invited experts in the field of mobility, transport and data space technology to join PrepDSpace4Mobility expert workshop #1 to learn more about the preliminary results of the project and give early feedback in order to sharpen the focus as needed and requested from the real market.
Project PrepDSpace4Mobility is Funded by the European Union and coordinated by acatech (Germany), activities are carried out by Amadeus SAS (France), EIT Urban Mobility, an initiative of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology, a body of the European Union, (Spain), FIWARE (Germany), FhG (Germany), IDSA (Germany), iSHARE (Netherlands), TNO (Netherlands), USI (Germany), VTT (Finland), EMTA (France), Group ADP (France), KU Leuven (Belgium), ERTICO (Belgium), BAST (Germany), UIH (Hungary), and MDS (Germany).
PrepData4Mobilty Inventory of mobility and logistics data ecosystems Sebastia...FIWARE
Europe is on its way to generate and make use of more data than ever. The project PrepDSpace4Mobility aims at contributing to the development of the common European mobility data space by supporting the creation of a technical infrastructure that will facilitate easy, cross-border access to key data for both passengers and freight. Given the enormous potential of data and digital technologies, the project is expected to have a positive impact on European competitiveness, society, and the environment.
We invited experts in the field of mobility, transport and data space technology to join PrepDSpace4Mobility expert workshop #1 to learn more about the preliminary results of the project and give early feedback in order to sharpen the focus as needed and requested from the real market.
Project PrepDSpace4Mobility is Funded by the European Union and coordinated by acatech (Germany), activities are carried out by Amadeus SAS (France), EIT Urban Mobility, an initiative of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology, a body of the European Union, (Spain), FIWARE (Germany), FhG (Germany), IDSA (Germany), iSHARE (Netherlands), TNO (Netherlands), USI (Germany), VTT (Finland), EMTA (France), Group ADP (France), KU Leuven (Belgium), ERTICO (Belgium), BAST (Germany), UIH (Hungary), and MDS (Germany).
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In particular, €5 million was made available in 2019 and €3 million in 2020 for projects oriented towards 'Open Data' management.
GreenMov, ODALA and INTERSTAT have developed services and products that can be easily adopted by public administrations and beyond thank to the funding of CEF programme target on Open Data
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Detecting causes of low urban accessibility: a comparative approach
1. Detecting causes of low urban accessibility:
a comparative approach
Marcin Stępniak
Borja Moya-Gómez & Javier Gutiérrez Puebla
CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
2. CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
CAlCULUS project
Causes and Consequences of low urban accessibility.
Defining proper policy responses
CAlCULUS project
Causes and Consequences of low urban accessibility.
Defining proper policy responses
Introduction
3. CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
Accessibility
The extent to which land use and transport systems
enable (groups of) individuals or goods
to reach activities (or destinations)
by means of (a) transport mode(s) at various times of the day
accessibility
Land use
Individual
TransportTemporal
Accessibility components
Geurs & van Wee (2004)
4. CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
Importance
Challenges for urban areas:
• sustainable development
• improvement of the quality of life
• reduction of transport-related air
and noise pollution
• social and spatial inequalities
Urban Agenda
White Paper on Transport
5th Cohesion Report
Limited
accessibility
social
exclusion
quality of life
economic
activity
utilisation of
public
services
Sustainable
development
Air & noice
pollution
Transport planning: shift from mobility-centered to accessibility-centeredTransport planning: shift from mobility-centered to accessibility-centered
5. CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
Knowledge gap
accessibility
Spatial patterns
Evaluation of transport
investments
Intermodal comparisons
Vulnerable groups
Equity
6. CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
Comparative approach
Quality of transport network
Congestion
Routing scheme
Frequency
Travel time fluctuations
Private cars Public transport
7. CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
Door-to-door approach
simple
•Road geometry
•Speed limits
intermediate
•Road geometry
•Speed limits
•Congestion
advanced
•Road geometry
•Speed limits
•Congestion
•Parking & walking
simple
•Route geometry
•Estimated speed
intermediate
•Route geometry
•Estimated / real in-vehicle time
•Estimated transfer & waiting time
advanced
•Route geometry
•Schedule-based in-vehicle time
•Schedule-based waiting time
•Walking (access / egress)
Car Public transport
Based on: Salonen & Toivonen, 2013
8. CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
Data: speed profiles
ArcGIS®
Network Analyst
Every road segment:
speed every 5 minutes
288 values / day
9. CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
Data: schedule-based travel time information
• calendar_dates.txt
• fare_attributes.txt
• shapes.txt
• frequencies.txt
• transfers.txt
ArcGIS®
Network Analyst
+
ArcGIS® Network
10. CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
Data: accessibility to public transport
ArcGIS
Network
1171 OD
nodes
PT & walking
network
287 026 edges
Public transport network
• 5 transport modes:
• Metro (12 lines)
• Commuter trains (Cercanias: 10 lines)
• Light metro (tramway: 3 lines)
• EMT (Buses urbanos > 200 lines)
• Buses interurbanos (> 400 lines)
• Schedule for typical week-day;
• Morning peak hours: 7-10 am
study
walking
speed (km/h)
comment
(Reyes et al., 2014) 3.2 Minimum typical speed for children aged 5-11
(Fransen et al., 2015) 4.0 Adult's average
(Ritsema van Eck et al.,
2005)
4.0 Distance as the crow flies
(Hadas, 2013) 4.0 -
(Nettleton et al., 2007) 4.8 -
(Farber et al., 2014) 4.8 -
(Willis et al., 2004) 5,3 mean walking speed of individuals
(Reyes et al., 2014) 5.4 Maximum typical speed for children aged 5-11
(Krizek et al., 2012) 5.4 average walking speed for 14-64 year old
Walking speed: 4.5 km/h
11. CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
Methods (1)
Accessibility to jobs:
• Travel time between all pairs of origin-destination nodes
• Greater impact of larger centres than smaller ones
• Diminishing importance of more distantly located destinations
Östh et al. (2014)
𝑓 𝑡𝑖𝑗 = exp (−𝛽𝑡𝑖𝑗)
Distance decay function: ’half-life’ approach:
• destination loses half of its attractiveness at the observed median travel time
• OD matrix (trip purpose: commuting)
• Negative exponential function
•
• 𝛽 = 0.02230 (~31 minutes)
12. CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
Data: Madrid Metropolitan Area
• 1171 Transport zones (TAZ)
• 2.4 mln of Jobs
• 1104 TAZ with Jobs
• Uneven distribution of Jobs:
Gini coefficient = 0.643
13. CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
Land use component
Not all distributions should be considered as unfair Geurs & van Wee (2011)
Space by its very nature is divided into center and periphery
-> inequality in accessibility is inevitable
Martens (2012)
Land use component:
- Euclidean distance
- Network distance
Domain of
urban planners
distribution of jobs
Geography:
Road network
14. CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
Methods (2)
• Temporal variation: accessibility vs travel times• Temporal variation: accessibility vs travel times
• Land use indepedent: accessibility vs travel speed• Land use indepedent: accessibility vs travel speed
• Inspirations
1. Potential Mobility Indicator:
2. Weighted mean of network impedance
divided by Euclidean distance:
Martens (2015)
Gutiérrez et al., (1998)
Ad 1 – no destination weights
Ad 1&2 – no distance decay
Interaction-weighted average speed (As)
Stępniak & Jacobs-Crisioni (2017)
𝑡 𝛿 𝑖𝑗 = ln
𝑗∊𝐽
𝑛
𝑃𝑗/
𝑗∊𝐽
𝑛
𝑃𝑗
𝑒𝑥𝑝𝛿𝑡𝑖𝑗
𝛿𝐴𝑠𝑖 =
𝑑
𝑡 𝛿 𝑖𝑗
15. CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
Transport component
Accessibility constraints
Private cars:
• Quality of road network
• Congestion
Public transport:
• Routing scheme
• Applied resources
• Frequency
Free flow speed
Average travel speed
lowest travel speed (worst case scenario)
Maximum frequency (no waiting times)
Fastest possible connection (best case scenario)
Average travel speed
Lowest travel speed (worst case scenario)
Travel time variation
16. CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
Scenarios
Transport
mode
Scenario Aerial speed
(Euclidean
distance)
Network
speed
Private car Best case (free flow) CarMin
Average speed* CarAvg
Worst case scenario CarMax
Public
transport
Max frequency PTFF
Best case (fastest connection) PTMin
Average speed* PTAvg
Worst case scenario PTMax
* Morning peak hours: 7-10 am
17. CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
Global results – relative change
Network
distance
CarMin CarAvg CarMax PTMin PTAvg
CarMin 13,4
CarAvg 13,5 6,9
CarMax 13,5 10,2 3,5
PTMin 12,9 48,6 44,7 42,7
PTAvg 13 57,2 54,1 52,4 16,9
PTMax 13 64,0 61,3 59,9 30,0 15,8
Comments:
• No areas (TAZ) with PT > Car
• Only 0.7% OD pairs with average travel
speed by public transport faster than by car
(only short distances)
• Enourmous difference: Car >> PT
• Best vs worst case scenarios: more important for PT than Car
18. CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
Results: correlations
Correlations between scenarios
• High for cars (0.99)
• High for public transport (≥0.9)
• Low but significant between
transport modes (~0.3)
19. CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
Results: spatial regularities
Obvious conclusions:
• central vs peripheral location
• car >> public transport
20. CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
Results: spatial regularities (car)
Quality of road network:
• Core of metropolitan area
Congestion:
• No difference between
average & worst case scenario
21. CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
Results: spatial regularities (public transport)
Comments
Change of tranpsort mode:
• mosaic distribution
Travel time variability:
• peripheries
Frequency:
• Repeat (partly) change of
transport mode
• Average scenario covered
the by worst case scenario
22. CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
Conclusions
• Comparative approach: to identify accessibility constraints.
• Intermodal imbalance (Car >> Public transport).
• Public transport users: more vulnerable to temporal dimension.
• Congestion: problem limited to the core city area.
• Instability of travel time (public transport): limited to peripheries.
• Public transport: not only the problem of peripheries.
Further steps
• Full frequency scenario.
• Typology -> towards policy recommendations.
• Effect on equity.
23. CALCULUS 19/01/2018
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement no 749761
Thank you for your attention!
marcinstepniak@ucm.es