This document describes the design of a temperature control system for a single-phase motor using a PIC16f887A microcontroller. The system uses an LM35 temperature sensor to monitor the motor temperature and sends the data to the microcontroller. If the temperature reaches the upper limit, a buzzer will sound as a warning. The microcontroller can control the motor speed based on the temperature. Experimental results show the microcontroller can accurately adjust the motor speed according to temperature changes.

1. JOURNAL
DESIGN OF CONTROL TEMPERATURE MOTOR 1
PHASE WITH COMPATIBLE LOAD BASED PIC
MICROCONTROLLER
16f887A
SUBMITTED BY :
Name : YUSMAN WESLEY R
NPM : 10.03.0.005
DEPARTMENT of ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY of RIAU ISLANDS
2014

2. DESIGN OF CONTROL TEMPERATURE MOTOR 1 PHASE
WITH COMPATIBLE LOAD BASED PIC
MICROCONTROLLER
16f887A
Yusman Wesley 1) , Pamor Gunoto 2), Anton Viantika 3)
Department of Electrical Engineering University of Riau Islands
ABSTRAK
The electric motor is widely used in electronic devices such as the fan,
computer, water pump and so forth. Existing properties on the electric motor
when the motor is rotating continuously, the temperature of the motor will also
increase. When the motor has reached a high temperature and the motor
continues to be used then the motor will be damaged, to the need for a
temperature control device on the electric motor microcontroller based on the
tool made.
LM35 temperature sensor will record the data to be inserted into the
microcontroller, sensors simultaneously recorded temperature on the electric
motor. Incoming data to the microcontroller will be processed and the results will
be displayed on the LCD. If the temperature of the motor temperature increases
and reaches the upper limit specified then the Buzzer indicator by itself will give a
signal that the motor would die.
From the discussion and analysis of the data obtained at the time of
measurement can be concluded that this PIC16f887A microcontroller can adjust
according to temperature changes in the motor 1 phase.
Keywords: Temperature, Microcontroller PIC16f887A, LM35, Motor AC.
1) Student Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty Engineering, UNRIKA
BATAM.
2) Supervisor Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty Engineering,
UNRIKA BATAM.
3) Co - Supervisor Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty Engineering,
UNRIKA BATAM.

3. 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Electric motors are often used in electronic devices such as the fan,
computer, water pump and so forth. Existing properties on the electric motor
when the motor is rotating continuously, the temperature of the motor will also
increase. When the motor has reached a high temperature and the motor continues
to be used then the motor will be damaged.
In larger-scale applications, so that the electric motor can operate longer
and can work effectively then change the motor temperature must be controlled.
Based on these considerations, the temperature control device made 1
phase motors and motor rotation speed with compatible PIC microcontroller-based
load 16f887A. This tool also controls the speed of the motor 1 phase when
the temperature increases on the motor then the motor will go down and vice
versa motor speed increases when the temperature of the motor is low. This tool
will be displayed on the temperature and the speed of the electric motor together
in one view.
1.2 Problem of Formulation
Creating a working tool that can automatically control the temperature
changes on the motor using PIC microcontroller technology 16f887A.
1.3 Research Objectives
1 Make gauges motor rotation speed and temperature of the PIC
microcontroller based 16f887A.
2 LCD display used
1.4 Scope of Problems
1 Explain the switching capabilities at the relay for the activation of the
motor along the motor temperature.
2 16f887A PIC microcontroller programming using C language.

4. 2 BASIC Of THEORY
2.1 Microcontroller PIC16f887A
Microcontroller is a microprocessor system in which there already are
CPU, RAM, ROM, I / O, CLOCK and other internal devices are already
connected and organized (address) with either by the manufacturer and is
packaged in a single chip that is ready to use. So we live program ROM contents
according to the rules of use by the factory that makes it.
Figure 2.1 Block Diagram PIC16f887A

5. 2.1.1 Configuration pin PIC16f887A
Figure 2.2 Pinout PIC16f887A
2.2 Basic of PIC16f887A Programming with C Language
The C language is a programming language that can be said to be different
between the low-level language (machine-oriented language), and high-level
language (the language of human-oriented). As is known, possessed a high level
language compatibility between platforms. Because it is very easy to program on
a variety of machines.
Maker of the C language is Brian W. and Dennis Kerninghan M.Ritcihe in
1972 C is a structured programming language, which divides the program in the
form of blocks. The goal is to facilitate the creation and development of the
program. The program is written in C easily transferred from one program to
another program language. This is due to the standardization of the C language in
the form of standard ANSI (American National Standards Institute) were used as a
reference by the compiler makers.

6. 2.3 Resistor
Resistors are electronic components poles designed to withstand electrical
current to produce an electric voltage between the two poles, the voltage value of
the resistance value is proportional to the current flowing, according to Ohm's
law:
V = I . R....................................................................................(2.1)
2.4 Capacitors
Capacitor in the electronic circuit denoted by the letter "C" is a device that
can store energy in the electric field or charge current, by collecting dati internal
imbalance of electric charge. Capacitors discovered by Michael Faraday (1791-
1867). Unit is Farad capacitor (F). One farad = 9 x 1011 cm2, which means the
large pieces.
2.5 LM35 (Temperature Sensor)
LM35 temperature sensor is an electronic component that has a function to
change the temperature scale into electrical quantities in the form of voltage.
LM35 has a high accuracy and ease of design compared with other temperature
sensor, LM35 also has a low output impedance and high linearity so it can be
easily connected with a series of special control and does not require further
adjustment.
Figure 2.10 Schematic temperature sensor circuit

7. 2.6 Crystals
Crystals are electronic components that use a mechanical resonance that
vibrates with piezoeelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very
precise frequency.
Figure 2.11 Crystals
2.7 Relay Drive
Relay is an electronic component in the form of an electronic switch
driven by electric current. In principle, the relay is a switch lever with the wire
windings on an iron rod (selenoid) nearby. When selenoid electrified, the lever
would be interested because of the presence of magnetic fields that occur in the
solenoid switch contacts will close. By the time the flow is stopped, the magnetic
force will be lost, the lever will return to its original position and will re-open
switch contacts. Relays are usually used to drive large currents or voltages, eg
electrical equipment 4 Ampere 220 Volt AC, using a small current or voltage,
such as 0.1 Ampere 220 Volt DC. The simplest relay is an electromechanical
relays which provide the mechanical movement of getting electrical energy.
2.8 Miniature Sounder
Miniature Sounder is an instrument that makes noises or sounds, in
general, often known as sirens or alarms and bells. Miniature in this thesis uses as
a substitute suonder buzzer.
Buzzer is a tool that can convert electrical signals into sound signals. It is
generally used for an alarm buzzer, because its use is easy enough to provide the
input voltage buzzer emits. The frequency of the buzzer sound issued between 1-5
KHz.

8. 2.9 LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
LCD usability lot in designing a system using mikrokontorler, LCD
(Liquid Crystal Display) can serve to show a result the value of the sensor, show
text, or display the menu on the application microcontroller. M1632 is a matrix
LCD module with a configuration of 16 characters and 2 lines with each character
formed by pixle lines and 5 columns pixle (1 pixle last line is the cursor). Already
available within the M1632 module HD44780 issued by Hitachi, Hyundai and
other M1632 modules. Actually HD44780 microcontroller designed specifically
for controlling the LCD and have the ability to adjust the scanning process on the
LCD screen which is formed by 16 COM and SEG 40 so that the microcontroller
or device that accesses the LCD module is no longer need to set up scanning on
the LCD screen.
2.10 Power Supply
Most electronic devices require a DC voltage power supply, therefore it
takes a circuit to convert the AC voltage of the grid into a stable DC voltage. This
circuit is commonly called a DC power source consists of lowering the voltage
transformer (step-down) which serves to lower voltage grid to the extent required
voltage, the rectifier (rectifier) that functions convert AC voltage into DC voltage
smoothing capacitor filters the rectifier output to pulsation (ripple) is not too large
and that the latter is the voltage stabilizer (voltage regulator) in the form of IC
regulator or a zener diode to get a stable DC voltage.
2.11 1 Phase Induction Motors
Ac electric motors with the basic principle of operation is classified as
asynchronous motors (induction) or synchronous motor. Induction motor is a type
of motor where there is no external voltage is supplied to the rotor, but the current
in the stator induces a voltage on the air gap and the rotor winding and rotor
current to generate a magnetic field. The magnetic field of the stator and rotor
then interact and cause the motor rotor rotates.
2.12 PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
PWM is a mechanism for generating an output signal that is repeated
periods between High and Low where we can control the duration of the signal is

9. High and Low in accordance with what we want. Duty Cycle is percentage of
High signal and the signal period, the percentage duty cycle will be directly
proportional to the average voltage is generated.
2 The basic concept of the ADC (Analog to Digital Converter)
The Microcontroller PIC16f887A, there is a string of ADC (analog to
digital converter) which serves to encode analog voltage signals to form a
continuous time series of discrete time digital bits.
Figure 2.21 Timing diagram of the ADC

10. 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research of Object
Library studies
Initial Data Collection
Problem Formulation
Purpose
Make the motor temperature control device automatically using microcontroller
System Design
Designing Hardware
Designing Software
System Design
Making schematic
Making PCB circuit
Toolmaking
Testing Tool
Testing Microcontroller
Testing Inputs and Outputs
Conclusions and Recommendations
Figure 3.1 Flowchart Design

11. 4 DESIGN
4.1 System Design
Temperatur
Sensor Buzzer
MikrokontrolePower supply r
Relay Display Unit
Motor 1
Phase
Figure 4.1 Block Diagram of Temperature Control Motor 1 Phasa Based PIC
16f8877A Microcontroller
4.2 Works Overall
LM35 temperature sensor will record the data to be inserted into the
microcontroller, sensors simultaneously recorded temperature on the electric
motor. Temperature sensor output will continue on the existing ADC input on the
microcontroller, the ADC is the data from the temperature sensors in the form of
an analog voltage data is converted in digital form. Incoming data to the
microcontroller will be processed and the results will be displayed on the LCD. If
the temperature of the motor temperature increases and reaches the upper limit
specified then the Buzzer indicator by itself will give a signal that the motor
would die and vice versa, if the motor temperature reaches the lower limit, then
the motor will rotate in accordance with that specified in the microcontroller.

12. 4.3 Realization Each Circuit Block
Circuit of Minimum System
Figure 4.6 Minimum System of circuit PIC Microcontroller
4 Design of Software
Motor Off
Motor 50%
power
Motor 80%
power
Motor 100%
Figure 4.8 Flowchart overall system
Start
System Initialization
Check Sensor
Active
Motor Off
< 27 ̊ C
Yes
No
27 < ̊ C < 29 ̊
29 < ̊ C < 31 ̊
31 ̊ C
> 31 ̊ C
power
Motor Off
(alarm)
Stop

13. 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
5.1 Data Collection and Analysis
This chapter contains the phase of the study consisted of data collection
and data analysis research. Beginning stages of an explanation about how to get
the data and where the data is in the can. The data can then be analyzed to ensure
the suitability of the theories that support the previous chapter.
5.2 Temperature Sensor Testing
SUHU
(0C)
OUTPUT LM35
(mVolt)
Hasil Perhitungan
27 0.284 0.27
30 0.318 0.30
32 0.347 0.32
Figure 5.1 The measurement Test point sensor LM35

14. 5.3 Testing LCD
LCD16 X 2
Figure 5.3 The Test point series LCD 16 x 2
Table 5.3 Test point on the LCD
TP 1 TP2 TP3 TP4 TP5 TP6 TP7 TP8 TP9 TP10
0.40 V 0.40 V 0.39 V 0.38 V 0.38 V 0.38 V 0.38 V 0.39 V 0.39 V 0.39 V
5 Testing the Motor Driver Circuit
Figure 5.4 Testing Motor Driver
16
15
+5
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Vdd
+5
TP 2
TP 3
TP 4
TP 5
TP 6
TP 7
TP 8
TP 9
TP 10

15. Table 5.4 Testing PWM motor driver
Duty Cycle % Vin (Volt) Vout voltage Driver (Volt)
0 0.49 30.59
50 2.54 110.45
80 4.02 170.3
100 4.98 210.59
The test result is displayed on the oscilloscope following below :
a. Testing 0% duty cycle, oscilloscope probes 2v / div; 10ms / div
Figure 5.5 of the microcontroller PWM wave with a duty cycle 0%
b. Testing the 50% duty cycle, the oscilloscope probe 2v / div; 10ms / div
Figure 5.6 The wave PWM from microcontroller with dutycycle 50%

16. c. Testing dutycycle 80%, oscilloscope probes 2v / div; 10ms / div
Figure 5.7 The wave PWM from microcontroller with dutycycle 80%
d. Testing dutycycle 100%, oscilloscope probes 2v / div; 10ms / div
Figure 5.8 The wave PWM from microcontroller with dutycycle 100%
6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1 Conclusion
1. A PIC16F887A microcontroller as the main control tool can be set to
output a trigger signal IC ULQ as a drive on the relay.
2. There was a difference between the LM35 sensor readings and calculations
for 2:05 before testing and 0.7 after LM calibrated calibrated.
7 RECOMMENDATIONS
7.1 It should be noted for future elections temperature sensor so that the results
are more accurate and as expected.

17. REFERENCES
Anonymous, meriwardanaku.com 2011, principles of work-relay.
USU Journal, 2007, 1 Phase Induction Motors
Myike Predko, 1997, Programming and Customizing the PIC® microcontroller.
Paul B.Zbar, Albert P. Malvino, Michael A.Miller, 1994, Basic Electronics.
Stephen R.Matt, 1989, Electricity and Electronics Baasic.
Widodo Budiharto, S, 2008, Digital Electronics + Microprocessor