Types of hatchery and their operation

2. Introduction
Needfor hatchery
Roleof hatchery
The various essential componentsof a hatchery
Traditional hatcheries
Modernhatcheries
Planningof hatcheries construction site selection
Essential componentsof hatchery complex
Conclusion
Reference
SYNOPSIS

3. INTRODUCTION
A hatchery is the most vital component in modern
carp farming. Hatcheries are natural or artificial
confinements used for breeding and hatching the
eggs. Some authors consider the term hatchery in its
enlarged sense as a facility right from fish spawning
to producing fish finger lings for stocking in grow
out ponds ,fish fattening and rearing of brood stock.
But hatchery is indoor facility for fish spawning, egg
incubation, hatching and rearing the hatchings to
spawnstage.

4. In earlier days availability of fish seed was entirely dependent on wild
catch from rivers and large reservoirs during rainy season, which was
accomplished by several problems and in present time
Quantity of seed is collected from the reveries source is very low .
Fish farmer had to depend only on natural water bodies for their
seed requirements.
Seed they collected constituted mixed variety of different species.
Due to lake of knowledge they reared mixed variety which resulted in
less survival rate.
During the transportation of seed there occurred high mortality of
seed
Thus for these reasons, hatchery construction is so necessary to
overcome such problems and to obtain max quantity of seed in proper
condition.
NEED FOR HATCHERY

5. ROLE OF HATCHERY
The role of hatchery is vital and it has infect augmented the production of fish seed and
created environment to enable to produce any quality and quantity of seed. State federal
hatcheries are expected to become increasingly important as tools to preserve
biodiversity by maintaining rare,threaded andendangered genotypes.
ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF A HATCHERY
Brood fish pond to hold adult fish for spawning donors of pituitary gland and to
accommodate spent male and female fishes.
Nursery ponds for rearinglarvae to fry stage.
Rearing ponds for growing fry to fingerlings.
Ponds for production of fish to supply brood fish ponds and donors of pituitary
glands.

6. TRADITIONAL HATCHERY
EarthenHatchingPits
The earliest device for hatching carp eggs was the earthen hatching pits employed by the crap breeders. There
are specially designed pit of 3*2*1 dimension. Pits are dug in several rows and the inner walls are plastered
with mud i.e. red soil. The fertilized eggs collected from bund types of tanks are put in to the hatching pits.
Approximately 36000 to 400000 eggs per pit are kept and hatching takes place in about 24 hours. A constant
flow of water is maintained to ensureproperaeration and to reducetheaccumulation of wastes. Afterabout 3
days,when theyolksacistheabsorbedtheavailablespawniscollectedwith a pieceof cloth and istransferred
tonurseries.
EarthenPot Hatchery
This is one of the earlier method adopted for better hatching rates. The fertilized eggs are collected from the
bund and are kept in a number of locally made earthen pots arranged in a particular way , and this furnishes a
flowing current of water, cooled by surface evaporation of the porous earthen pots which the crap eggs
hatched. In this method to some extent the fluctuations of temperature and pH are moderated baked clay,
vessels thoughcheap,easily replaceableandporoushavethedisadvantageof beingopaque.

7. Earthen Hatching Pits
Earthen Pot Hatchery

8. •Double Cloth hatching Hapa
It was stated in 1976,in this method there are two rectangular hapas, called outer hapa and inner
hapa. The outer hapa has a size of 2m*1m*1m and the inner hapa of size 1.75m*0.75m*0.5m. the
outer hapa is made of close meshed cotton cloth (4060/mch) and the inner hapa is made of round
mesh mosquito netting cloth. The depth of water maintained in the inner hapa is around 30cm. the
number of gees put for hatching normally is 75000 to 100000 the hatching moves through the mesh
into the outer hapa and after that the inner hatching hapa is removed along with eggs shells and the
spoiled eggs. The hatching in the outer hapa are kept for a period of 48 hour (2to3 days) till the yolk
sacis absorbed.
•Floating Hapa
Floating hapa method is the improved one, in this hapa is mounted on the frames which are made by
joining polytheneoraluminium pipes.Floatsareaddedtofacilitatefloating.

9. Double Cloth hatching Hapa
Floating Hapa

10. VERTICAL HATCHERY
GLASS JAR HATCHERIES
istheIndia’sfirsteverhatchery in which thedeveloping eggs can bewatchedin transparentat eyelevel. It
hasa breeding tank, incubation and hatchery unit and spawnery. A fresh water pond or bore well is used
asa water source. Over head tanks with 5500 litters capacity in all are placed connected to hatchery. This
unit consist of a battery of cylindrical shaped glass jar with conical bottom having 6.35 litter capacity.
About50000eggs arehatchedin a single jar.
PLASTIC BUCKET HATCHERY
Plastic hatchery is made of two parts. One is the outer plastic bucket with perforated aluminium bin egg
vessel and other part is galvanized iron sheet spawnery. The plastic bucket having 3 out lets at the top,
theheight is47cmandthediameteris30 cm.waterholding capacityis 45litters.
MODERN HATCHERY

11. GLASS JAR HATCHERIES
PLASTIC BUCKET HATCHERY

12. CIRCULAR HATCHERY
Modern carp hatchery CIEF D-80 model
In the year modern crap hatchery CIEF D-80 model was designed. This modern crap hatchery is named
after the name of Ex. Director of CIEF, Dr. S.K. Dwivedi. In this model the efforts have been made to
control the environment parameters like temperature, oxygen, silt, water flow and space for movement
of eggs. The hatchery consist of overhead tank as a source of water supply, cooling tower, hatchery
section, compressor for aeration, vertical hatchery jar, PVC pipes, valves, showers, channels, hatchery
stands and hapas. This type of hatchery has two parts one is incubation tank and the other is egg
collection tank. He is a vertical jar complex of four units, have six funnels. The total capacity of the
hatcherycompleteis50 lakheggs ata time.
Modern Carp Hatchery CIFE D-81 Model
This was the developed in 1981 at CIEF. It is an improved version of crap hatchery Model D-80 and the
entire system works on the principle of D-80. This model D-81 consist of breeding and hatching units
withimprovedwatersprayarrangementsandensuring moreeffectiveaeration.

13. CIRCULAR HATCHERY

14. Operation
Beforeloading of eggswaterisfilledin jarsfromoverhead tank.Theflowof waterisregulated2-3 lit
/jars/min. Eggs are containers are placed in the jar and the aeration is arranged. Eggs are loaded as
per capacity. Once hatching completed flow of water is increased for speedy transfer of hatchings
are transferred in spawnery, the over flowing from jar is stopped. Spray and aeration in spawnery is
keptunderoperationtill yolksacisabsorbed.
Modern Carp Hatchery CIFE D-82 to 85 model
This is a commercial system and workson the principle ofD-81.The main parts of hatcheryare over
head tank, jars, pipelines egg containers spawn collection tank and aeration system. The models are
D-82toD-85and thehatcheryisoperatedin thesamewayasin caseofCIFE D-81model.

15. CHINESE HATCHERY
The modern eco-hatchery or Chinese hatchery comprises of the
following components:
Overhead tank.
Spawning pool.
Egg collection chamber.
Incubation and hatchingchamber.
Spawn collecting chamber.

16. CHINESE HATCHERY

17. CONCLUSION
Quantity of seed is collected from the reveries source is very low
.
Fish farmer had to depend only on natural water bodies for their
seedrequirements.
Seed they collected constituted mixed variety of different
species.
Due to lake of knowledge they reared mixed variety which
resulted in less survival rate.
During the transportation of seed there occurred high mortality
of seed
Thus for these reasons, hatchery construction is so necessary to
overcome such problems and to obtain max quantity of seed in
proper condition.