This paper presents a low speed permanent magnetic based generator which is suitable for supplying
generating power from bicycle motion and application in providing energy for bicycle front and rear lights
or electronics devices.The dynamo have a hub axel, a hub housing rotatable mounted around the hub axel
with bearing, a planetary drive that increases the rotational speed of the permanent magnet, and the
power generating mechanism with coil fitted to hub axel that has connected to the output connector. In
such a hub dynamo, the magnet rotates faster than the bicycle wheel so that power output is high even at
the normal bicycle speeds.
Production of Electrical Energy by Vertical Axis Maglev WindmillPremier Publishers
This paper deals with wind power generation by elimination of gear system. Using magnetic levitation frictional losses will be avoided and power generated will be improved. Comparing with conventional type vertical axis wind turbine is more efficient that will capture the wind in all directions. Due to maglev, it will be able to rotate in minimum speed of 1m/s and produce alternating voltage. By using permanent magnet (Neodymium) repulsion effect replaces the bearings to reduce the frictional losses and produce power more than conventional type with cost effective.
The prototype is an idea which uses the property of an electromagnet by virtue of which it changes the polarity of its poles whenever the direction of current is changed. This variation in polarity is utilized to attract or repel the permanent magnet attached to the piston. The usage of relay and timer will limit the output of the engine. By using an ECU in the engine instead, power can be obtained on each stroke which will result in an increased output.
This article relates to energy engineering and more particularly to the alternative energy technology of getting power from the repulsive/attractive force of permanent magnets with no other input.
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Production of Electrical Energy by Vertical Axis Maglev WindmillPremier Publishers
This paper deals with wind power generation by elimination of gear system. Using magnetic levitation frictional losses will be avoided and power generated will be improved. Comparing with conventional type vertical axis wind turbine is more efficient that will capture the wind in all directions. Due to maglev, it will be able to rotate in minimum speed of 1m/s and produce alternating voltage. By using permanent magnet (Neodymium) repulsion effect replaces the bearings to reduce the frictional losses and produce power more than conventional type with cost effective.
The prototype is an idea which uses the property of an electromagnet by virtue of which it changes the polarity of its poles whenever the direction of current is changed. This variation in polarity is utilized to attract or repel the permanent magnet attached to the piston. The usage of relay and timer will limit the output of the engine. By using an ECU in the engine instead, power can be obtained on each stroke which will result in an increased output.
This article relates to energy engineering and more particularly to the alternative energy technology of getting power from the repulsive/attractive force of permanent magnets with no other input.
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
MRPE works on the principle of magnetic repulsion and it's a fuel less engine so there is no combustion of fossil fuels. MRP engine is a modified version of reciprocating engine.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Zero point energy conversion for selfsustained generationMocLan2
In this paper zero point energy conversion is proposed for self-sustained generator applications. Our entire
universe balance is based on a magnetic energy lying in a minimum energy point called zero-point. By using an energy
conversion machine magneto-gravitic link can be made zero-point energy by taking kinetic energy form i.e. rotational
motion .Kinetic energy link is constructed using a special permanent magnet arrangement and it is independent of
electricity . It uses perpetual motion and the kinetic energy is later converted by using a special type low speed axial flux
alternator, comprising two rotating discs in-between which the coil is placed from which the power is drawn .
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PROTOTYPE OF MAGNETIC ENGINE USING NEODYMIUM IRON B...IAEME Publication
The energy efficiency is the major concern in every engine which made it affordable and fit for commercial exploitation but every engine has difficulties in attaining efficiency level due to
many reasons includes input cost, output power in comparison to input cost, etc. Magnetic engine could resolve the efficiency problem as it harness the gravitational pull in positive manner and due to which can save massive amount of fuel as well as resources.
With the advent of technology and science, researchers have shown interest and developed a new technology
incorporating permanent magnets. This concept is applied in magnetic gearing to achieve low-speed high- torque direct-drive
operation. The speed is altered by the use of gears and gearboxes. The magnetic meshing of gear overcomes the limitations of
mechanical gearing system like vibrations, noise, and friction due to contact. The efficiency of 99% or greater can be achieved
at full load conditions. The magnetic force of attraction aids in the magnetic meshing of the gear teeth. There is no physical
contact of the gear teeth. By the use of such system, the wear and tear of the gears are reduced to a great extent. The heat
generated in the gears while working is almost nil in this method. Unlike mechanical gearing system, the process of
transmitting power is smooth and silent. Magnetic gearing system can be incorporated in automobiles for transmission of
power to achieve higher efficiency. This kind of setup requires very minimal maintenance. Permanent magnets are used to
produce the magnetic field which helps in the transmission of energy without contact. Ferrite magnets and high power rare
earth neodymium magnets are used in making the gears.
Cumulative hrf of NMWD model for Renin in patients with DepressionIJERA Editor
Hypercortisolism as a sign of hypothamamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis over activity and sleep EEG
changes are frequently observed in depression. Closely related to theHPA axis is the renin-angiotensinaldosterone
system (RAAS) as 1. adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) is a common stimulus for cortisol and
aldosterone, 2. cortisol release is suppressed bymineralocorticoid receptor (MR) agonists 3. angiotensin II
(ATII) releases CRH and vasopressin from the hypothalamus. Here difference of sleep related activity of the
RAAS between depressed patients and healthy controls and also we found the analysis of survival function and
cumulative hazared rate function for renin.
This paper discusses about design and analysis of double stator slotted rotor (DSSR) BLDC motor for electric bicycle application. Usually single stator (SS) BLDC motor is used in an electric bicycle. This type of motor has low performance and need to be charged regularly. The objective of this research is to design and analysis DSSR motor that have high torque. At starts, design specification for the electric bicycle is calculated. Next, design process for DSSR is carried out by using the desired parameter. Lastly, analysis for double stator slotted rotor is simulated using FEM. Result for average back emf, average inductance, inner stator flux density, outer stator flux density, average torque and estimate torque constant is obtained. Result for average torque from FEM archieve the requirement of motor torque for DSSR design where the maximum average torque is 16.2 Nm. This research will give benefit to mankind and society in term of environment protection and energy consumption.
MRPE works on the principle of magnetic repulsion and it's a fuel less engine so there is no combustion of fossil fuels. MRP engine is a modified version of reciprocating engine.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Zero point energy conversion for selfsustained generationMocLan2
In this paper zero point energy conversion is proposed for self-sustained generator applications. Our entire
universe balance is based on a magnetic energy lying in a minimum energy point called zero-point. By using an energy
conversion machine magneto-gravitic link can be made zero-point energy by taking kinetic energy form i.e. rotational
motion .Kinetic energy link is constructed using a special permanent magnet arrangement and it is independent of
electricity . It uses perpetual motion and the kinetic energy is later converted by using a special type low speed axial flux
alternator, comprising two rotating discs in-between which the coil is placed from which the power is drawn .
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PROTOTYPE OF MAGNETIC ENGINE USING NEODYMIUM IRON B...IAEME Publication
The energy efficiency is the major concern in every engine which made it affordable and fit for commercial exploitation but every engine has difficulties in attaining efficiency level due to
many reasons includes input cost, output power in comparison to input cost, etc. Magnetic engine could resolve the efficiency problem as it harness the gravitational pull in positive manner and due to which can save massive amount of fuel as well as resources.
With the advent of technology and science, researchers have shown interest and developed a new technology
incorporating permanent magnets. This concept is applied in magnetic gearing to achieve low-speed high- torque direct-drive
operation. The speed is altered by the use of gears and gearboxes. The magnetic meshing of gear overcomes the limitations of
mechanical gearing system like vibrations, noise, and friction due to contact. The efficiency of 99% or greater can be achieved
at full load conditions. The magnetic force of attraction aids in the magnetic meshing of the gear teeth. There is no physical
contact of the gear teeth. By the use of such system, the wear and tear of the gears are reduced to a great extent. The heat
generated in the gears while working is almost nil in this method. Unlike mechanical gearing system, the process of
transmitting power is smooth and silent. Magnetic gearing system can be incorporated in automobiles for transmission of
power to achieve higher efficiency. This kind of setup requires very minimal maintenance. Permanent magnets are used to
produce the magnetic field which helps in the transmission of energy without contact. Ferrite magnets and high power rare
earth neodymium magnets are used in making the gears.
Cumulative hrf of NMWD model for Renin in patients with DepressionIJERA Editor
Hypercortisolism as a sign of hypothamamus-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis over activity and sleep EEG
changes are frequently observed in depression. Closely related to theHPA axis is the renin-angiotensinaldosterone
system (RAAS) as 1. adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) is a common stimulus for cortisol and
aldosterone, 2. cortisol release is suppressed bymineralocorticoid receptor (MR) agonists 3. angiotensin II
(ATII) releases CRH and vasopressin from the hypothalamus. Here difference of sleep related activity of the
RAAS between depressed patients and healthy controls and also we found the analysis of survival function and
cumulative hazared rate function for renin.
This paper discusses about design and analysis of double stator slotted rotor (DSSR) BLDC motor for electric bicycle application. Usually single stator (SS) BLDC motor is used in an electric bicycle. This type of motor has low performance and need to be charged regularly. The objective of this research is to design and analysis DSSR motor that have high torque. At starts, design specification for the electric bicycle is calculated. Next, design process for DSSR is carried out by using the desired parameter. Lastly, analysis for double stator slotted rotor is simulated using FEM. Result for average back emf, average inductance, inner stator flux density, outer stator flux density, average torque and estimate torque constant is obtained. Result for average torque from FEM archieve the requirement of motor torque for DSSR design where the maximum average torque is 16.2 Nm. This research will give benefit to mankind and society in term of environment protection and energy consumption.
Analysis of Permanent Magnets Bearings in Flywheel Rotor DesignsIJERA Editor
This paper discusses analysis of permanent magnet bearing in flywheel rotor designs. This work focuses on
the advantages of using permanent magnets in flywheel rotor design as compared to that of the
convectional mode of levitating the rotor position. The use of permanent magnet in magnetic bearing
design to generate the steady state position of the magnetic field results in less variation of the force
exerted on the rotor when it deviates from the nominal position than when an electrical coil is used for the
same purpose. Theresults of the analysis shows that the magnetic bearing dynamics as well as its load
carryingcapacity improves when the rotor is offset from its central position. The use of permanent magnet
compared to current-carrying coils results in smaller overall size of magnetic bearing leading to a more
compact system design resulting in improved rotordynamic performance.
Technical reclamation for electricity generationinventy
Research Inventy provides an outlet for research findings and reviews in areas of Engineering, Computer Science found to be relevant for national and international development, Research Inventy is an open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide research and applications related to Engineering. In its publications, to stimulate new research ideas and foster practical application from the research findings. The journal publishes original research of such high quality as to attract contributions from the relevant local and international communities.
We have designed a Wind Generator as our final year Engineering project. For information please go through the presentation or else you can contact me. Feel free to give your valued suggestions
POWER HARVESTING IN ALL PURPOSE VEHICLE PROJECTBhumil Sarvaiya
In new era of innovation, people are focusing on research and improvement of old techniques on power harvesting. As an engineer to be optimistic in power conservation we thought to use wheels’ kinetic energy of vehicle to generate electric current, that could be store in a DC storage (battery) for further uses.
As no such vehicle uses wheels’ kinetic energy to charge a dc storage but there are other means of charging battery likewise, using pulley-belt drive mechanism connected to shaft run by engine, so that it runs the shaft of motor to generate current.
This design will not use pulley-belt drive mechanism and motor too, which uses much space and reduces power transmission. Our aim is to manufacture the wheel, which itself is capable of generating current when vehicle is in motion by using magnets and coil i.e. wires are coming out of wheels carrying the current to charge the battery, by making an optimum mechanism that could produce high output power.
Modelling and Simulation of Composition and Mechanical Properties of High Ent...msejjournal
Magnesium alloys are high potential materials for application in the aerospace and automotive industries
due to their lightweight properties. They can help to lower dead weight and fuel consumption to contribute
to sustainability and efficiency. It is possible to achieve high specific strength and high stiffness of the
alloys by varying compositions of alloying elements. Applications of magnesium are limited due to its low
strength and relatively low stiffness. This research focuses on a recipe of multi component alloys of
magnesium with varied percentages of Mg, Al, Cu, Mn and Zn obtained from literature and optimizes the
percentage compositions to obtain for high specific strength and specific stiffness. Relationships among
percentage constituents of the alloy components are examined in Matlab R2022b using multiple linear
regression. Optimization is achieved using genetic algorithm to determine the specific strengths and
stiffness. The resulting optimal alloy component percentages by weight are used for microstructure
simulation of thermodynamic properties, diffusion and phase transformations of proposed alloy is done in
MatCalc software version 6.04. Results show potential for improved mechanical properties resulting from
disordered structure in the high entropy magnesium alloy. Future research should focus on production and
characterization of the proposed alloy.
Thermal and Metrological Studies on YTTRIA Stabilized Zirconia Thermal Barrie...msejjournal
Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs), routinely prepared from Ceramic based compositions (typically
8%Y2O3-ZrO2or 8YSZ) are being engineered to protect the metallic components from degradation in
applications like gas turbines, jet and automotive engines. With a goal of finding improved TBC materials
a wide variety of ceramics are being researched worldwide. Before physically preparing the TBCs of
uncommon compositions in the laboratory, their suitability to perform can be predicted. Limited
accessibility to detailed and realistic information on the influence of newer compositions (other than 8YSZ)
on TBCs warrants methods to obtain this information.
In this paper, 8YSZ TBCs coated onto aluminium substratesare studied for thermal fatigue, thermal barrier
and materials characteristics to determine the reliability of the coating configuration to withstand the
harshness of test conditions under the framework of experiments. Thereafter, the results have been used to
corroboratethe developed simulation model. Results obtained via thermal tests confirm the suitability of the
model and we can predict the thermal barrier effects of TBCs when prepared from materials other than
YSZ.
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ)msejjournal
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Materials Science and Engineering. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of Materials Science and Engineering.
The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on Materials Science and Engineering advancements, and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Materials Science and Engineering.
New Experiment System for the Interaction Between Soft Rock and Water : A Cas...msejjournal
The strength of rock strongly depends on the water content especially when the rocks contain clay
materials. The interaction between soft rock and water always threaten the soft rock engineering projects.
For this problem, new sets of laboratory experiment systems are developed to simulate the interaction
between soft rock and water or vapor. In this paper, the principles of experiment systems are introduced
with particular reference to the application on soft rock in Mogao Grottoes, one of the world famous
ancient sites in China. Two kinds of rock samples, the sandstone and muddy sandstone, are obtained by insitu sampling system. Then the laboratory experiments are performed under different environment
conditions. By the specific boundary conditions design, the physical-chemical effect and mechanic effect on
water absorption of rock samples are separated for further mechanism study by the experiment system, and
the different hydrological actions of water and vapor under variable experiment environment are obtained.
The interaction mechanism is discussed with assistant methods, such as SEM (Scanning Electron
Microscope), mercury injection test, X-ray diffraction analysis and etc. With the relation between water
content and soft rock strength, the study may provide guidance and basis for the soft rock engineering in
the future.
International Conference on Embedded Systems and VLSI (EMVL 2023)msejjournal
International Conference on Embedded Systems and VLSI (EMVL 2023) will provide an excellent International forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Embedded Systems.
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ)msejjournal
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Materials Science and Engineering. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of Materials Science and Engineering.
Modeling, Analyzing and Safety Aspects of Torsion and Noise Effects on Round ...msejjournal
Each material has its own effect and behavior on external impacts like heat, force, tension, compression,
torsion etc. It is important to study and analyze these behaviors before selecting a material for an
engineering application in the design aspects itself. If predicted values analyzed by both mathematical and
software are available it is easy to get the reliable details in the pre design itself. By this one can ensure the
safety of the component and the system also. In this investigation, the effects of torsional loads on mild steel
round shafts with various diameters and lengths have been analyzed. The additional effects like angle of
rotation, rpm and duration also considered to find the optimum predicted value. The data observed by
various experiments are analyzed by design of experiments especially by response surface methodology.
Minitab software is used for canalization. The data are tabulated and kept for future reference. Noise effect
due to the gradual torsional load performed in the gear box and other rotating components is also studied
for healthy working environment. The nature and characteristics of material also be explained by this noise
analysis.
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ)msejjournal
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Materials Science and Engineering. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of Materials Science and Engineering.
The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on Materials Science and Engineering advancements, and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Materials Science and Engineering.
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ)msejjournal
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Materials Science and Engineering. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of Materials Science and Engineering.
On Decreasing of Dimensions of Field-Effect Transistors with Several Sourcesmsejjournal
We analyzed mass and heat transport during manufacturing field-effect heterotransistors with several
sources to decrease their dimensions. Framework the result of manufacturing it is necessary to manufacture
heterostructure with specific configuration. After that it is necessary to dope required areas of the heterostructure by diffusion or ion implantation to manufacture the required type of conductivity (p or n). After
the doping it is necessary to do optimize annealing. We introduce an analytical approach to prognosis mass
and heat transport during technological processes. Using the approach leads to take into account nonlinearity of mass and heat transport and variation in space and time (at one time) physical parameters of these
processes
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ)msejjournal
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Materials Science and Engineering. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of Materials Science and Engineering.
The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on Materials Science and Engineering advancements, and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Materials Science and Engineering.
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ)msejjournal
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Materials Science and Engineering. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of Materials Science and Engineering.
The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on Materials Science and Engineering advancements, and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Materials Science and Engineering.
Using Advanced Inspection Method (Three-Dimensional Ultrasonic) in Recognitio...msejjournal
In this study, using Harfang Code 32 device, the slag catcher pipelines in one of the South Pars phases
were tested. In radiography method of these lines, no clear defect was observed in radiographic films due
to the high thickness of 40 mm. However, marvelous results were obtained using advanced ultrasonic.
Review and analysis of the results will result in high potential of three-dimensional ultrasonic method in
identifying defects in pipelines with high thicknesses and preventing financial and life-threatening risks
during the use of these refineries in the future.
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ)msejjournal
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Materials Science and Engineering. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of Materials Science and Engineering.
RESULTS OF FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS FOR INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE REINFORCED THERM...msejjournal
The double cantilever beam (DCB) is widely used for fracture toughness testing and it has become popular
for opening-mode (mode I) delamination testing of laminated composites. Delamination is a crack that
forms between the adjacent plies of a composite laminate at the brittle polymer resin. This study was
conducted to emphasize the need for a better understanding of the DCB specimen of different fabric
reinforced systems (carbon fibers) with a thermoplastic matrix (EP, PEI), by using the extended finite
element method (X-FEM). It is well known that in fabric reinforced composites fracture mechanisms
include microcracking in front of the crack tip, fiber bridging and multiple cracking, and both contribute
considerably to the high interlaminar fracture toughness measured. That means, the interlaminar fracture
toughness of a composite is not controlled by a single material parameter, but is a result of a complex
interaction of resin, fiber and interface properties.
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ)msejjournal
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Materials Science and Engineering. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of Materials Science and Engineering.
The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on Materials Science and Engineering advancements, and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Materials Science and Engineering.
Flammability Characteristics of Chemical Treated Woven Hemp Fabricmsejjournal
Woven hemp fabric was treated with sodium hydroxide, commercial flame retardant chemical, and
combination of both to increase its fire-retardant properties. Treatments of fire-retardant changed the
properties of woven hemp fabric such as increased its fabric shrinkage and density of fibres which ranges
from 0.67 to 5% and 1.43 to 1.53 g/cm3
respectively. After the treatment, the fire retardancy of the fabric
increased tremendously which was observed by the burning, thermogravimetry and limiting oxygen index
tests. Some of the samples were not burnt when exposed to flame source and the burning rate needed to be
measured under exaggeration of flame at longer time. The limiting oxygen index value increased from 18.6
to 51 after the treatments which explained the scenario happened in the burning tests. Nevertheless, its
mechanical properties decreased slightly that ranges from 18 to 32% and 23 to 39% for warp and weft
respectively compared to untreated fibre.
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ) msejjournal
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Materials Science and Engineering. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of Materials Science and Engineering.
The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on Materials Science and Engineering advancements, and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Materials Science and Engineering.
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ) msejjournal
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Materials Science and Engineering. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of Materials Science and Engineering.
The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on Materials Science and Engineering advancements, and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Materials Science and Engineering.
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ)msejjournal
Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ) is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the Materials Science and Engineering. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of Materials Science and Engineering.
The goal of this journal is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on Materials Science and Engineering advancements, and establishing new collaborations in these areas. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews are invited for publication in all areas of Materials Science and Engineering.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
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DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF PLANETARY DRIVE MAGNET PEDAL POWER HUB-DYNAMO
1. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ), Vol. 2, No. 3, September 2015
DOI : 10.5121/msej.2015.2301 1
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF PLANETARY
DRIVE MAGNET PEDAL POWER HUB-DYNAMO
Vivek Kumar1
, Dr. Prakash Verma2
1
Research scholar (Machine Design), 2
Professor,
1,2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur, India.
Abstract:
This paper presents a low speed permanent magnetic based generator which is suitable for supplying
generating power from bicycle motion and application in providing energy for bicycle front and rear lights
or electronics devices.The dynamo have a hub axel, a hub housing rotatable mounted around the hub axel
with bearing, a planetary drive that increases the rotational speed of the permanent magnet, and the
power generating mechanism with coil fitted to hub axel that has connected to the output connector. In
such a hub dynamo, the magnet rotates faster than the bicycle wheel so that power output is high even at
the normal bicycle speeds.
Keywords:
Pedal power, Hub-dynamo, planetary drive, Creo 2.0
1. INTRODUCTION:
The hub generator have been popular since the 1950s as bottle dynamo and stationary bicycle
dynamo. Standard bottle generators running on the tire tread or rim suffer from frictional losses at
the wheel/generator interface that also increases the heat at tire/generator interface. This type of
generators are unreliable in wet weather (Khandewal et al, 2014). Bicycle hub generator offers a
simple and reliable way to generate power for bicycle front and rear lights. But only in recent
years have efficient generator hubs become available that generate about 2.4W power and
moderate bicycle speed (N Brito et al, 2006). The device described in this paper integrates power
higher than these dynamo and allowing the generation of environment-friendly electric power
while keeping fit by pedaling. This contemplates both personal health and environmental issues
(M N haji et al, 2010). With increasing concern about global warming, greenhouse gas emission
& rising fuel prices, non-motorized modals, such as bicycle aregaining importance as viable
mode in urban transportation worldwide (Majumdar et al, 2014).A dynamo is coupled to bicycle.
This arrangement enables the lighting of front, rear light of bicycle and charging of mobile phone,
if a cyclist pedals fast enough. The device is very suitable for the village and those areas where
electricity is not available. Moreover, it can be a completely autonomous energy source without
the need for maintenance. Taking in to account the available volume inside a bicycle hub and that
the rotation due to bicycle movement are possibly the best energy source in this case, a multi
polar magnet and armature was considered as the best way to harvest energy to power the bicycle
electronic devices. In the last decade much research has been done in order to develop devices
that harvest energy from applications environmental and it into electrical energy (A R mech. et al,
2012). This work is directed to bicycles and, more particularly, to the multi-pole dynamo having a
stack that is formed by plate-shaped members. The stack of multi-pole dynamo is formed using
pressed electrical steel sheet (Takahiro Endo et al, 2003). A dynamo has a multi stack armature
with coil fixed to a hub axel and a magnet casing that can rotate relatively higher speed than the
2. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ), Vol. 2, No. 3, September 2015
2
bicycle wheel speed. The casing has transfer power by planetary drive to magnet holder. The
armature stack that houses the coil comprises multiple laminated thin plate-shaped members to
prevent the generation of eddy currents.
2. Design Concept and Principle of Operation
2.1 Design Concept of hub-dynamo:
Figure 1 illustrates the design scheme of the hub-dynamo proposed in this study. The precise 3D
modal of hub dynamo was prepared by Creo 2.0 software as per Indian bicycle standards. A hub-
dynamo is mounted to distal ends of right and left forks of a front wheel of a bicycle. A hub
dynamo comprises a hub shaft structured to be mounted at the bottom end of front fork, a hub
shell structured to rotate around hub shaft, a rotating member in the form of a driven body
disposed radially inwardly of hub shell and structured to rotate around hub shaft, a planetary gear
transmission that transmits rotation of hub shell to driven body. A power generating mechanism
is disposed between driven body and hub shaft.Both end of the hub shaft are fixed to front fork. A
portion of large diameter portion forms a sun gear of planetary gear transmission. Hub shell is a
substantially cylindrical member formed in two pieces, and it is rotatable supported on hub shaft
at both ends by bearing assemblies Casing has a pair of hub flanges, and multiple mounting holes
on the flanges for mounting the ends of the wheel spokes are formed at equal intervals along the
circumferences of the respective hub flanges.
Figure. 1 Exploded view of Hub dynamo
Planetary gear transmission includes sun gear formed on hub shaft, ring gear formed on the inner
peripheral surface of hub side cover, a planet gear carrier stationary supported by large-diameter
portion of hub shaft, and a plurality of (e.g., three) planet gear supported by planet gear carrier.
Planet gear carrier is very stable during operation and does not tilt. Planetary gear transmission
communicates increased rotation of hub shell to driven body. The rotation of sun gear of
planetary gear transmission can be expressed by the following expression:
Ns= (Zr/Zs) x Nr
Where Nr and Zr is the rotation and number of teeth on ring gear and Ns and Zs is the rotation
number of teeth on sun gear. When the number of teeth Zs of sun gear is set at 32T, and the
number of teeth Zr of ring gear is set at 66T, then
3. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ), Vol. 2, No. 3, September 2015
3
Ns= (66/32) x Nr = 2.0625 Nr
As noted previously, power generating mechanism is disposed between driven body and hub shaft
for generating power in response to relative rotation between driven body and hub shaft. Power
generating mechanism comprises a magnet and a fixed unit, wherein magnet is fitted to the inner
peripheral surface of driven body for rotation there with, and fixed unit is fixed to hub shaft. In
this design, a ring-shaped magnet comprises 13 set of alternating N-poles and S-poles spaced
apart in the circumferential direction of driven body. The interior fixed armature has a ring-
shaped coil and a stack assembly that is disposed such that it surrounds the coil. The stack
assembly and coil are secured to the hub shaft such that they are sandwiched by a pair of nuts and
are fastened to screw members formed on the outer circumferential surface of the hub shaft. A
cord passing groove is formed on the outer peripheral surface of hub shaft to accommodate
connecting cord that is connected to coil and communicates the generated power to an output
connector mounted to hub shaft outside of hub shell. Electric wiring communicates the generated
power from connector to switching unit.
The complete specification of the generator is given in Table 1.
Table 1.
Hub-dynamo specifications
Parameters
Voltage 6V
Output 3W
Brake Type Disc Brake
Hub shell Material 6061
Aluminum
Bearing type Sealed cartridge
Hub Axle Diameter 10mm
Hub axle length 140mm
Over locknut dimension 100mm
Spokes holes 36
Pitch circle diameter 72mm
Flange width 57mm
Weight 800grams
Figure. 2 Hub dynamo
4. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ), Vol. 2, No. 3, September 2015
4
2.2 Principal Operation of Hub dynamo:
When the front wheel, i.e. the hub casing, rotates relative to the hub axel as the bicycle travels
forward, the planetary drive rotates the permanent multi pole magnet around the coil. When the
vertical outer portions of the plate shaped pieces forming the first stack arm receive N-pole
magnetic flux from the multi pole permanent magnet, then the radially outer portion of the plate-
shaped pieces forming the second stack receive S-pole magnetic flux. Conversely, when the
radially outer portion of the plate-shaped pieces forming the stack receive S-pole magnetic flux
from the permanent magnet, then the radially outer portion of the plate-shaped pieces forming the
second stack receive N-pole magnetic flux.
By virtue of the rotation of the permanent magnet around the radially outer portions of the plate-
shaped pieces forming the first and second stack the hub dynamo repeated alternates between a
first state in which the first stack comprise the N-pole and the second stack comprise the S-pole.
As a result, alternating magnetic flux occurs in the radially inner portion of the magnetically
linked stack of plate-shaped pieces. The alternating magnetic flux produces inside the coil and
current flow through the coil. The generated power transfer by the wire to the connector and
connector connect the all electrical devices of the bicycle.
3. Experiment results and discussion:
The apparatus mounts the hub shell in a fork and turns it by a dc motor speed is measured in rpm
by a digital meter. As per the standard JIS.c.9502, the electrical output is monitored with 12 ohm
and 15 ohm resistances, science that’s how it’s always been done, as bulbs are also resistors.
Output of the hub dynamo is measured by a multimeter with open circuit, 12 ohm and 15 ohm
resistances.
Figure.3 Experiment Setup
DC Power Supply
Fixed support Hub dynamo
Rotation (rpm)
DC Motor with sprocket Chain with sprocket
Speed regulating
knobs
5. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ), Vol. 2, No. 3, September 2015
5
Figure.4 Voltage output over Bicycle speed according to test and calculation
Figure.5 Voltage output over Bicycle speed according to test and calculation
Figure 4 & 5 depicts the calculated and measured voltage output versus bicycle speed for the
biologic hub dynamo and geared hub dynamo. In open circuit voltage measured voltage is
without any resistance and also measured voltage at 12 and 15 ohm resistances with geared and
non-geared hub dynamo. It has seen that the voltage output of geared hub dynamo generate
sufficient voltage for lightening the bicycle at normal speed (8-12km/h). The corresponding
dynamo output power is depicted in figure 6 & 7. The power output over the bicycle speed is
calculated by the measured voltage. The hub dynamo rotation also depend upon the wheel
diameter, if the wheel diameter is less it takes more turn for a specific speed then the large
diameter bicycle wheel. It can be seen, that planetary gear transmission should be preferred for
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 5 0 7 0 9 0 1 1 01 3 0 1 5 0 1 7 0 1 9 0 2 1 02 3 02 5 0
VOLTAGE(V)
BICYCLE SPEED (RPM)
open circuit without
geartrain
open circuit with geartrain
12Ω load without gear
train
12Ω load with gear train
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0 5 0 7 0 9 0 1 1 0 1 3 0 1 5 0 1 7 0 1 9 0 2 1 0 2 3 0 2 5 0
VOLTAGE(V)
BICYCLE SPEED (RPM)
open circuit without geartrain
open circuit with geartrain
15Ω load without gear train
15Ω load with gear train
6. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ), Vol. 2, No. 3, September 2015
6
low bicycle speed and the power output of hub dynamo is about 2.4-3 watt at normal bicycle
speed (8-12 km/h).
Figure.6 Power output over Bicycle speed according to test and calculation
Figure.7 Power output over Bicycle speed according to test and calculation
4. Conclusion:
Planetary gear train is one of the key component of the Hub dynamo to increase the rotation at
armature end. This paper presented a new design for a low speed permanent magnetic generator.
The idea behind this study was to develop a suitable electricity generatorfor bicycle, which could
power supply to bicycle lights and other electronic devices. This paper introduce the structure of a
permanent magnet hub dynamo which could beneficial over the bottle dynamo and other type of
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
0 5 0 7 0 9 0 1 1 0 1 3 0 1 5 0 1 7 0 1 9 0 2 1 0 2 3 0 2 5 0
POWER(WATTS)
BICYCLE SPEED (RPM)
12Ω load without gear train
12Ω load with gear train
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
0 5 0 7 0 9 0 1 1 0 1 3 0 1 5 0 1 7 0 1 9 0 2 1 0 2 3 0 2 5 0
POWER(WATTS)
BICYCLE SPEED (RPM)
15Ω load without gear train
15Ω load with gear train
7. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering: An International Journal (MSEJ), Vol. 2, No. 3, September 2015
7
bicycle dynamo. The prototype generators generated 2.4-3W power at the normal bicycle speed.
These results indicates that the generated power by the bicycle hub generator is sufficient amount
for lightening 2 to 3 watts load from the bicycle motion.
REFERENCES:
[1] R. Suhalka, M C Khandelwal, K K Sharma, A. Sanghi (June, 2014) “Generation of Electrical
Power using Bicycle Pedal” International Journal of Recent Research and Review, Vol.VII, Issue
2.
[2] NunoBrito, Luis Ribeiro, Joao SenaEsteves (2006) “Electric Power Generating Bicycle” 3rd
International Conference on Hands-on Science, H-Sci ISBN 98 99509 507.
[3] Maha N. Haji, Kimberly Lau, and Alice M. Agogino (2010) “Human Power Generation in Fitness
Facilities,” Proceedings of ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability
ES2010.
[4] S K Chandrakar, D L Yadav, C Kurre (2014) “Experimental study of micro industry of animal
powered mechanical device for battery charging” 2nd
International Conference on Innovations in
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering, ICIAME 2014.
[5] Cyders, T. and Kremer, G. G., (2008) “Engineering Around the World: Driving Local Economics
in Africa with Human Power,” Proceedings of the ASME 2008 International Mechanical
Engineering Congress and Exposition (IMECE2008), Vol. 9: Engineering Education and
Professional Development, pp. 181-187.
[6] C.R. Saha, T. O’Donnell, N.Wang, P. McCloskey (2008) “Electromagnetic generator for
harvesting energy from human motion” Sensors and ActuatorsA 147, 248–253.
[7] Jansen, A. and Stevels, A.,(2006) “Combining eco-design and user benefits from human powered
energy systems, a winwin,”Journal of Cleaner Production, 14 (15-16), pp. 1299-1306.
[8] Japanese Industrial Standard, JIS C 9502: 2008 (E), Lighting equipment for bicycles.
[9] Japanese Industrial Standard, JIS D 9419: 1996 Bicycle hubs.
[10] Indian Standard, IS 629 (1988): Bicycle Hub.
[11] United States Patent, Takeda et al.US007002280B2, Claw-Pole Dynamo With Radially Offset
Yoke Arms.
[12] United States Patent, Liao et al.US 20100233914Al, Electrical Connector For A Dynamo Hub.
Authors:
Vivek Kumar Tiwari received his BE in Mechanical Engineering from RGPV,
Bhopal in 2012 and perusing Masters in Engineering in Machine Design from
Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur. His research interest includes design,
modelling and fabrication of machine components.
