Size reduction is a process of reducing large solid unit masses into small unit masses, coarse particles or fine particles.
Size reduction process is also termed as
Comminution/Diminution/Pulverizations.
Solid pieces of food is reduced by the
application of grinding, compression
or impact forces.
In many food processes it is frequently
necessary to reduce the size of solid
materials for different purposes
Overview of rheology - what it means, examples of 'rheology in action' in everyday live, and food processing. This is part of IMK 209 - Physical Properties of Food, a second year level course in Food Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Lecturer: Prof. Abd Karim Alias.
Size reduction is a process of reducing large solid unit masses into small unit masses, coarse particles or fine particles.
Size reduction process is also termed as
Comminution/Diminution/Pulverizations.
Solid pieces of food is reduced by the
application of grinding, compression
or impact forces.
In many food processes it is frequently
necessary to reduce the size of solid
materials for different purposes
Overview of rheology - what it means, examples of 'rheology in action' in everyday live, and food processing. This is part of IMK 209 - Physical Properties of Food, a second year level course in Food Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia. Lecturer: Prof. Abd Karim Alias.
Size reduction In Food Processing
Introduction, Principle of size reduction, Forces used in Size Reduction, Energy requirements in Size Reduction, Size reduction equipment,
Kick’s law, Rittinger’s law, Bond’s law
This semester, the course Food Process Engineering will be taking a new breath and fresher approach that incorporates the importance of food and national security, societal implication, the role of multinational companies and how they made money from the two world wars, Maillard reactions and obesity pandermic - remember the fast food nation by Micheal Moore? all of these will be encrypted in the syllabus of gastronomy science and food engineering in a creative and new way of teaching
Size reduction In Food Processing
Introduction, Principle of size reduction, Forces used in Size Reduction, Energy requirements in Size Reduction, Size reduction equipment,
Kick’s law, Rittinger’s law, Bond’s law
This semester, the course Food Process Engineering will be taking a new breath and fresher approach that incorporates the importance of food and national security, societal implication, the role of multinational companies and how they made money from the two world wars, Maillard reactions and obesity pandermic - remember the fast food nation by Micheal Moore? all of these will be encrypted in the syllabus of gastronomy science and food engineering in a creative and new way of teaching
Dear students I hope this PPT finds you well. This presentation is all about the laboratory instrument centrifuge and its working called centrifugation. A centrifuge is a laboratory device used to separate fluids, gases, or liquids of different densities by spinning them at high speeds. It operates on the principle of centrifugal force, causing heavier particles or substances to move outward and settle at the bottom while lighter ones move toward the top. This separation process is employed in various fields such as medicine, biology, chemistry, and industry for tasks like separating blood components, purifying samples, and separating mixtures based on density variances. Centrifuges come in various types, including microcentrifuges, ultracentrifuges, and refrigerated centrifuges, each designed for specific applications requiring different speeds and capacities.Types of centrifuges and their functions include:
Microcentrifuge:
Function: Used for small-volume samples (typically ranging from 0.2 mL to 2.0 mL) in molecular biology, biochemistry, and clinical applications. It separates cellular components, proteins, DNA, and RNA.
Clinical Centrifuge:
Function: Primarily used in medical laboratories for processing blood, urine, and other bodily fluids. It separates components like red blood cells, plasma, and serum for diagnostic purposes.
Refrigerated Centrifuge:
Function: Similar to standard centrifuges but equipped with cooling systems to maintain low temperatures during separation. Ideal for samples sensitive to heat, like enzymes or biological materials.
Ultracentrifuge:
Function: Operates at extremely high speeds, separating particles at molecular levels. Used for studying macromolecules, lipoproteins, and subcellular particles.
High-Speed Centrifuge:
Function: Used in research labs for general separation tasks, capable of higher speeds than standard centrifuges. It's versatile and employed across various scientific disciplines.
Differential Centrifuge:
Function: Separates particles based on their sedimentation rates and size differences. It's used to isolate specific components from complex mixtures.
Preparative Centrifuge:
Function: Focuses on large-scale sample separation for purification purposes. It's employed in industrial settings for isolating biomolecules or other substances at higher capacities.
Centrifuges find applications in various fields such as molecular biology, biochemistry, medicine, pharmaceuticals, and industrial processes. Their versatility in separating substances based on density variances makes them invaluable tools in scientific research, diagnostics, and manufacturing processes.
Centrifugation principle and types by Dr. Anurag YadavDr Anurag Yadav
concept of cnetrifugation,
basic Principle
centrifugal force
types of centrifugation based on use and rotor type
application of the each type of centrifuge
Ultracentrifuge in detail
application in general
A centrifuge operates by using the sedimentation principle- Here the substances are separated based on their density under the influence of gravitational force. When spun rapidly, lighter particles stay at the top and heavier particles go to the bottom during centrifugation.The components of heterogeneous mixtures are detached by centrifugation. That comprises liquids in liquids, solids in fluids, and gases in solids and liquids. In order to transfer bulky sections to the outside of the pipe, centrifugation uses centrifugal energy. It allows the solid to settle more easily and completely.The components of heterogeneous mixtures are detached by centrifugation. That comprises liquids in liquids, solids in fluids, and gases in solids and liquids. In order to transfer bulky sections to the outside of the pipe, centrifugation uses centrifugal energy. It allows the solid to settle more easily and completely.
What is the centrifuge used for?
Centrifuges work by separating out two materials with different densities. Centrifuges are used in various laboratories to separate fluids, gases or liquids based on density like the separation of different constituents of blood, immiscible liquids, wastewater sludge etc.
Sedimentation, Basic principle of sedimentation,Nomograph, Centrifugal force, Angular velocity, Type of rotars, Geometry of rotars,Types of centrifuge, calculation of centrifugal field, Safety measures for centrifuges.
Course Number ENGG-243 offers an essential exploration into the field of renewable energy and green technology specifically designed for agriculture graduates. This course serves as a comprehensive introduction to the principles, applications, and innovations in sustainable energy systems and environmentally friendly technologies that are revolutionizing the agricultural sector. Students will gain a solid foundation in renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, biomass, and hydropower, along with an understanding of their integration into agricultural practices. Moreover, they will delve into the latest advancements in green technologies, including precision farming, smart irrigation systems, biofuel production, and sustainable waste management. Through a combination of theoretical learning and practical exercises, students will acquire the knowledge and skills necessary to harness the power of renewable energy and implement eco-friendly solutions within the realm of agriculture, contributing to a more sustainable and resilient future.
Tractor is a self propelled power unit having wheels or tracks for operating agricultural implements and machines including trailers.
Tractor engine is used as a prime mover for active tools and stationary farm machinery through power-take off (pto) or belt pulley
Mechanical manipulation of soil to provide favorable condition for proper crop growth is called tillage.
Soil tillage consists of breaking the compact surface of earth to a certain depth.
To loosen the soil mass so as to enable the roots of the crops to penetrate and spread into the soil.
FARM POWER IN INDIA –
Farm Power is an essential input in agriculture for timely field operations for increasing production and productivity of land.
Farm power is used for operating different types of machinery like tillage, planting, plant protection, harvesting and threshing machinery.
Size reduction is a process of reducing large solid unit masses into small unit masses, coarse particles or fine particles.
Size reduction process is also termed as
Comminution/Diminution/Pulverizations.
Solid pieces of food is reduced by the
application of grinding, compression
or impact forces.
In many food processes it is frequently
necessary to reduce the size of solid
materials for different purposes.
Food packaging is packaging for food. A package provides protection, tampering resistance, and special physical, chemical, or biological needs. It may bear a nutrition facts label and other information about food being offered for sale.
Food extrusion is a form of extrusion used in food processing. It is a process by which a set of mixed ingredients are forced through an opening in a perforated plate or die with a design specific to the food, and is then cut to a specified size by blades.
Food irradiation (the application of ionizing radiation to food) is a technology that improves the safety and extends the shelf life of foods by reducing or eliminating microorganisms and insects. Like pasteurizing milk and canning fruits and vegetables, irradiation can make food safer for the consumer
Tomato processing Profitable Food Processing Business IdeaDr. Ganesh Shelke
Tomato is valuable raw material used for
processed products such as tomato juice,
ketchup, sauce, canned fruit, puree, paste.
These products are consumed by people of
all age groups and demand is going up.
Today in the developed countries, nearly 80
percent of the fresh tomatoes are processed
into various products.
In India though production of tomatoes is
increasing, the growth of tomato processing
industry is slow.
Dal Milling Profitable Food Processing Business Idea Dr. Ganesh Shelke
India is the largest producer of pulses
around 14.5 million tones annually.
Pulses commonly known as dal in India are
an important component of both the
vegetarian as well as the nonvegetarian
diet in India.
Among the North Eastern States, Assam
is the largest producer of pulses.
Potato & Banana Chips Profitable Food Processing Business Idea Dr. Ganesh Shelke
In India around 344 lakh metric tones of potato is
grown which is about 15 % of the total world
production.
It is estimated that 25% of the potatoes, is spoiled
due to Various reasons such as transportation,
type of packing, availability of cold storage.
It could be saved by making various Preserved
potato products.
Potato wafer is one of such products which has
a great potential.
Profitable food processing business idea (Bakery Business)Dr. Ganesh Shelke
Bakery products are an item of mass
consumption in view of its low price.
The bakery industry has achieved the third
position in generating revenue.
The per capita consumption is very high in
industrialized States like Maharashtra and
West Bengal.
The Biscuits are becoming quite popular
in rural areas.
Generally, rural sectors consume around
55% of the biscuits.
A bakery business is considered as
profitable business for new startup entrepreneurs.
Thermal processing is defined as the combination of temperature and time required to eliminate a desired number of microorganisms from a food product.
The term "thermal" refers to processes involving heat.
Heating food is an effective way of preserving.
The basic purpose for the thermal processing of foods is,
to reduce or destroy microbial activity,
reduce or destroy enzyme activity,
and to produce physical or chemical changes,
to make the food meet a certain quality standard.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Fundamentals of Electric Drives and its applications.pptx
mechanical separation centrifugal seperation
1. FE-247
FOOD PROCESSING
EQUIPMENT - II
Mechanical Separation
Shelke G.N
Assistant Professor
Department of Food Engineering
CFT Ashti,
Maharashtra 414202
Phone: +919561777282
E-mail: shelkeganesh838@gmail.com
2. Processes which depend primarily on physical forces to accomplish the
desired separation of components
Mechanical Separation
Processes which depend primarily on physical forces that
accomplish the desired separation of components.
separations based on size and/or density differences.
Mechanical separations can be divided into four groups
Sedimentation.
Centrifugal separation.
Filtration.
Sieving.
3. Processes which depend primarily forces to accomplish the
desired separation of components
Centrifugal separation Centrifugation involves the application
of centrifugal force to bring about the separation of materials.
Centrifugal force a force that causes an object moving
in a circular path to move out and away from the
center of its path.
4. Processes which depend primarily forces to accomplish the
desired separation of components
The centrifugal force on a particle that is constrained to rotate in a circular
path is given by
Fc = mrw2
where Fc is the centrifugal force
r is the radius of the path
m is the mass of the particle
w(omega) is the angular velocity of the particle.
w = v/r, where v is the tangential velocity of the particle
Fc =(mv2)/r
Rotational speeds are normally expressed in revolutions per minute, so
that eqn
w = 2∏N/60
Fc = mr( 2 ∏ N/60)2
= 0.011 mrN2
where N is the rotational speed in revolutions per minute.
5. Processes which depend primarily forces to accomplish the
desired separation of components
Principal & Working
Centrifugal force is generated when materials are
rotated;
The size of the force depends on the
Radius,
Speed of rotation
The density of the centrifuged material.
In the separation of immiscible liquids (for example
emulsions the denser liquid moves to the bowl wall and
the lighter liquid is displaced to an inner annulus.
The thickness of the layers is determined by the density
of the liquids, the pressure difference across the layers
and the speed of rotation.
6. Processes which depend primarily forces to accomplish the
desired separation of components
A boundary region between the liquids at a given centrifuge
speed forms at a radius rn where the hydrostatic pressure of
the two layers is equal.
This is termed the neutral zone and is important in equipment
design to determine the position of feed and discharge pipes.
It is found using:
where ρ (kg/ m3) density and r (m) the radius. The subscripts
A and B refer to the dense and light liquid layers respectively.
7. Processes which depend primarily forces to accomplish the
desired separation of components
If the purpose is to remove light liquid from a mass of heavier liquid (for example
in cream separation from milk), the residence time in the outer layer exceeds that
in the inner layer.
This is achieved by using a smaller radius of the outer layer r1 and hence reducing
the radius of the neutral zone.
Conversely, if a dense liquid is to be separated from a mass of lighter liquid (for
example the removal of water from oils), the radius of the outer layer (and the
neutral zone) is increased.
8. Processes which depend primarily forces to accomplish the
desired separation of components
9. Processes which depend primarily forces to accomplish the
desired separation of components
10. A decanter centrifuge separates solid materials from liquids in slurry and
therefore plays an important role in wastewater treatment, chemical, oil and food
processing industries.
Operating principle
The operating principle of a decanter centrifuge is based on separation via buoyancy.
Naturally, a component with a higher density would fall to the bottom of a mixture,
while the less dense component would be suspended above it.
Edible animal fat
Plant oils such as olive oil and vegetable oil
Wine (clarification)
Fruit juice
Soy protein
Dairy (recovery of lactose, whey fines and cheese fines)
Coffee and tea
11. Step 1: The slurry is inserted into the centrifuge through a connecting pipe and onto
a conveyor.
Step 2: Utilizing an internal feed compartment, the conveyor ushers the slurry
through a nozzle into the bowl area.
Step 3: The bowl rotates at high speeds to induce gravitational forces.
Step 4: High speed rotation separates the solid material from the liquid in a matter
of seconds.
Step 5: The conveyor delivers the solid material upwards where it is discharged
through a nozzle.
Step 6: The solid material removed, the purified liquid is released from a separate
output
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