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Isambard Kingdom Brunel was an English civil
engineer who is considered "one of the most ingenious and
prolific figures in engineering history,” "one of the 19th-century
engineering giants,” and "one of the greatest figures of the Industrial
Revolution, [who] changed the face of the English landscape with his
groundbreaking designs and ingenious constructions."
I want to give the
Experience of
“floating” to
passengers along the
countryside - flattest
gradient, longest tunnels](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/desginthinkingsaurabhgupta218-210602075559/85/Design-Thinking-saurabhgupta218-29-320.jpg)
Uploaded bySaurabh Gupta
Design Thinking@saurabhgupta218
This document provides an overview of design thinking. It discusses design thinking as a human-centered approach to innovation. It covers the philosophy and history of design thinking, why it is an important approach today, and how to properly apply it through tools like empathy, defining problems, ideating solutions, prototyping, and testing. The document also provides examples of how design thinking has created value for organizations and in grassroots innovations through case studies. It emphasizes that design thinking is an iterative process aimed at meeting user needs rather than a single outcome or magic solution.
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Design Thinking@saurabhgupta218
- 1. DESIGN THINKING Saurabh Gupta,PhD NIT Raipur Twitter LinkedIn Phone & WhatsApp : +91-7389727963
- 2. S Ramanujan Can welearn or teach – How to do Innovation? 2 Innovation is a “design” process
- 3. • Jugaad Man:Uddhab Bharali • The Non-stop inventor Two important statements - Nobody can make you a innovator - You have to “feel” it 3
- 4. What is DT? Design thinking is a human-centered approach to innovation that draws from the designer’s toolkit to integrate the needs of people, the possibilities of technology, and the requirements for business success. — TIM BROWN, EXECUTIVE CHAIR OF IDEO USE IN - SOLVING WICKED PROBLEMS … a panacea or silver bullet 4
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- 6. WHY HOW WHAT • … thetheme is important today • Philosophy and History of Design Thinking • … to approach • Preliminary Tools • Growth Mindset • Wicked Problems • Convergent and Divergent Thinking • Design thinking process • … value it has created • Case Studies 6
- 7. WHY – …THE THEME IS IMPORTANT TODAY 7
- 8. MELINDA GATES: HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN (APROCESS NOT AN OUTCOME) MEETING PEOPLE WHERE THEY ARE AND REALLY TAKING THEIR NEEDS AND FEEDBACK INTO ACCOUNT. WHEN YOU LET PEOPLE PARTICIPATE IN THE DESIGN PROCESS, YOU FIND THAT THEY OFTEN HAVE INGENIOUS IDEAS ABOUT WHAT WOULD REALLY HELP THEM. AND IT’S NOT A ONETIME THING; IT’S AN ITERATIVE PROCESS. WIRED: What innovation do you think is changing the most lives in the developing world? 8
- 9. HOW DOES THATWORK IN PRACTICE? PAUL FARMER IN HAITI I WOULD SEE PEOPLE SLEEPING OUTSIDE THE HOSPITAL WITH THEIR DONKEY SADDLE UNDER THEIR NECK — THEY’D BEEN WAITING THERE FOR DAYS. AND NO ONE WAS ASKING THEM, “WHAT ARE YOU EATING WHILE YOU’RE WAITING? WHAT IS YOUR FAMILY EATING WHILE YOU’RE GONE?” WE HAVE TO DESIGN A HEALTH DELIVERY SYSTEM BY ACTUALLY TALKING TO PEOPLE AND ASKING, “WHAT WOULD MAKE THIS SERVICE BETTER FOR YOU?” AS SOON AS YOU START ASKING, YOU GET A FLOOD OF ANSWERS. 9
- 10. Paul Saffo –A futurist 19th century- Industrial Economy 20th century – Consumer Economy 21st century – Creators Economy 10
- 11. If “Design Thinking”is a solution today, then what would have been the “need” or “pain point” it addressed years before That very first thought (DT as the case study itself) 11
- 12. 12 Design -> DesignThinking Focusing just on design is very incremental and don’t have much impact Emerged in later half of 20th century as design became a tool for consumerism It makes products amusing, desirable but “not important”
- 13. The origins ofdesign thinking partially lie in the development of creativity techniques in the 1950s. PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED (NEEDFINDING) - - not much novel functionality - i.e. solutions that satisfy a novel need or solutions that satisfy an old need in an entirely new way, - lower performance levels of a solution - lower production costs - low saleability 13
- 14. 1970 s design and planningproblems are wicked problems as opposed to "tame", single disciplinary, problems of science 1980 s bring the rise of human-centered design 1990 s Design thinking was adapted for business purposes 2005 Stanford University's d.school begins to teach design thinking as a generalizable approach to technical and social innovation 14
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- 18. HOW – …TO APPROACH THE CONCEPT 18
- 19. Preliminary Tools - Growth Mindset -Wicked Problems - Convergent and Divergent Thinking 19
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- 21. WICKED PROBLEMS - Initially Completelydifficult and almost impossible to solve - We don’t have data for these problems - Open ended, ill defined problems which creates new problems when you try to solve them - Examples - Computer mouse for grandmother - Traffic Jams - Queues in the public offices 21
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- 26. 26 DT is notjust about creativity but also abductive reasoning
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- 29. 29 Isambard Kingdom Brunelwas an English civil engineer who is considered "one of the most ingenious and prolific figures in engineering history,” "one of the 19th-century engineering giants,” and "one of the greatest figures of the Industrial Revolution, [who] changed the face of the English landscape with his groundbreaking designs and ingenious constructions." I want to give the Experience of “floating” to passengers along the countryside - flattest gradient, longest tunnels
- 30. Why it isimportant 30 allows high-impact solutions to bubble up from below rather than being imposed from the top
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- 32. • “Needs” asVerbs vs Nouns • Nouns are mostly solutions • Verbs are more generative • Eg – Instead of platform, monkey needs solution to reach the tap, then we can think of many solutions (nouns) • Henry Ford and Steve Jobs – What the needs are • Try to find the ”need” the user has • Needs are opportunities, not solutions • Insights (“Why” response to the need) – • Maybe the monkey is not thirsty and just want to play with the tap • Immersion, observation 32 What the monkey is trying to do ? Wat concerns the user, what makes sense for them and interests and values of the users
- 33. The handle ofpeeler was a metal band. So, the thought was, why not make a peeler that more ergonomic and easy to use? "We have people with severe arthritis use it," he says. "Four year olds open it." - Extreme Users 33
- 34. • Problem –Kids in new school don’t take healthy food in lunchbox • A requirement of healthy food is a Projected need • The kids “need” is to get accepted among peer group • Point of View (PoV) : Components • User – A kid in a new school • Need – Social acceptance while having Healthy food • Insight – for a kid, Social risk is more dangerous then a health risk 34
- 35. PULSE • NEWS APP •We did develop products before, but we didn’t think about things like gaining empathy for our users or developing prototypes at that time. That was missing.” • - Founders of PULSE • They met at cafés in Palo Alto where they also encountered their future users. It was often the little insights that shaped their idea further: • We started observing people reading news in cafés in Palo Alto. • We basically stayed all day in a café for user tests. • We then realized that other users felt the same way. They were also dissatisfied with how news was read on mobile phones at that time. • Newsreaders back then required you to put in RSS feeds and were tedious to set up. • We focused on visuals so that users could discover a lot of content really quickly.” 35
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- 37. Have you everworried about your drip ? 37
- 38. • Automated Dripmonitoring system • (with my students for Calidad Healthcare Pvt Ltd) • We made it “very smart” and has put all kind of engineering, then we came to know most of the nurses don’t have smartphones. • And we redesigned it again. 38
- 39. Methods • Observations • asat times it is difficult for the users to communicate the “need” • Baby products, people who has accepted the “problem” and started living with that 39
- 40. • Interviews (Focusgroup, individual) • Make your customer feel comfortable. • Ask some introductory questions to collect basic demographics that you believe will drive how you segment and qualify your initial customer. • Outline the problem that you have identified as worth solving with some context. • Ask your prospect how critical is this problem – is it a must-have, good-to-have, or don’t need? • Explore Customer’s Worldview - Ask the prospect how he/she addresses this problem currently. • Wrapping Up - seek permission to follow-up for the Problem/Solution interview • Document Results 40
- 41. • Walking Conversations • Listen– to get their perspectives • Design a workshop • Creating Ecosystem 41
- 42. Designers Approach to Empathy - Withoutjudgement - With a beginners eyes - With curiosity - Optimistically - Respectfully 42
- 43. best practices on howto run problem interviews - Prefer face-to-face interviews - Pick a neutral location - Ask for sufficient time - Avoid recording the interviewee 43
- 44. 44 Einstein must had empathizedwith Physics or other physicists
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- 46. Why it isimportant 46 Better understanding of the problem with thorough understanding of the users context and to go into the direction “problem worth solving”
- 47. Methods • follow 5WHYs to get the “problem worth solving”) • NGO working with girls to train them for “Beautician course” • What is the job to be done? • Workshop with stakeholders - Present “problem statement” to other stakeholders in the ecosystem to refine it. 47
- 48. Methods • Cluster Analysis •“How Might We” – Divergent thinking is applied • Some example questions – “How might we” make the user experience better 48
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- 50. Methods • Mind Mapping •New connections, insights, contradictions emerge as the activity proceeds 50
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- 52. Why it isimportant 52 To find “new angles”
- 53. Methods • Visuals andTactile representations • Brainstorming • You build good ideas from each other’s wild ideas. • Focusing and Flaring 53
- 54. Methods • Braindumping – •This is like brainstorming, but done individually by keeping thinking hats. 54
- 55. Methods • Brainwriting –This is like brainstorming, but everyone writes down and passes ideas for others to add to before discussing these. • Blue Ocean Strategy • Worst Possible Idea • Challenging Assumptions • Mind mapping • Zero budget ideation • Extreme case ideation • Storyboarding 55
- 56. Rules of Ideation • Deferjudgement • Go for volume • One conversation at a time • Be visual • Build on the ideas of others • Encourage wild ideas • Stay on topic Exploration vs Exploitation 56
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- 58. Why it isimportant 58 Save lot of resources
- 59. Prototype Something we “buildin order to think” Helps in SWOT analysis of our ideas 59
- 60. Important Question (before starting the prototyping) Canyou define the minimum features needed to solve this problem? 60
- 61. Types • proof-of-principle prototype •verify some key functional aspects of the intended design • working prototype • represents all or nearly all of the functionality of the final product • visual prototype • represents the size and appearance, but not the functionality 61
- 62. Types • user experienceprototype • represents enough of the appearance and function of the product that it can be used for user research • functional prototype • captures both function and appearance of the intended design • paper prototype • printed or hand-drawn representation of the user interface of a software product 62
- 63. PULSE • NEWS APP •The team discovered the power of prototyping during their iteration cycles. These prototypes changed significantly over time as the idea became more concrete. • Afterwards we would show them paper prototypes. • The idea was to show multiple prototypes at the same time. • People would always have a preference for one or the other prototype. 63
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- 65. Why it isimportant 65 Helps to “Fail (if at all) Early”
- 66. Guidelines when Planning a Test • 1.Letyour users compare alternatives • 2.Show, don’t tell: let your users experience the prototype • 3.Ask users to talk through their experience • 4.Observe • 5.Ask follow up questions 66
- 67. Prerequisite to testing A understandingthat “users” feedback is priceless 67
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- 70. WHAT – VALUEDT HAS CREATED - CASE STUDIES 70
- 71. 71 - 200 designsrejected - Prototypes - Interior design to automobile design - Testing more then 50 shades of red - Wrecking 40 SUVs
- 72. • SHOPWELL • helpsyou maintain a healthy diet and is especially useful if you are allergic to or want to avoid certain foods. • Its app delivers ratings for a wide variety of food items specific to your profile, helping you find healthier alternatives to foods you like to eat. • "like having a personal dietitian in the palm of your hands” • And they have found that mostly the customers hit after they have been diagnosed with something 72
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- 76. This is alower limb operated manual device to assist upper limb impaired or those which an injury to turn/flip the pages of books easily. In this experimental setup, better growth of potted plants was observed where cockroach excreta was used as fertiliser. This idea struck Ananya when one day her friends were complaining about the cockroach problem in their homes. She then wondered whether this pest could be used for productive purposes and then carried out this experiment. 76
- 77. - Low cost,easy to operate, provide choice of making espresso coffee. - Useful to roadside tea stalls, small dhabas, guesthouse and other places, where choice coffee can be offered along with tea - It can be used to make a variety of hot beverages as well, including Cappuccino, Lattes, Tea, Hot Chocolate, and of course espresso 77
- 78. - It isa mobile "chulha" as it is a portable one and easy to handle. - Low running fuel cost as it enables use of paddy husk as a fuel which is considered useless thing after milling of paddy grain. - Very cost effective and useful tool especially in rice growing region. 78
- 79. • DT inEmerging Technologies • AI, IoT, 3D Printing, • Science, Technology Engineering, Mathematics (STEM) • DT to solve math problems • Case Study 79
- 80. • Baby Incubators– Case Study • Arvind eye care • They porotype the ide very early. They brought down the cost of intraocular lenses from 200 USD to 4 USD a pair. • Manual Scavenging is still prevalent in India. • A significant problem that needs design thinking solutions • Design Thinking workshop has to be conducted in village schools • Terms and conditions of a product – user friendly 80
- 81. • It’s agood approach for market-pull kind of innovation, and not so much about ‘technology-push’ • It’s a Method, not MAGIC • DT as a CASE STUDY • is itself in the “iterative” phase of DT 81
- 82. @saurabhgupta218 THANK YOU twitter -@saurabhgupta218 LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/saurabh21/ Phone & WhatsApp : +91-7389727963