A COMPARISON BETWEEN DEMOCRACY AND DICTATORSHIP WITH IN FOCUS PRESIDENT MUSHARRAF AND PARK CHUNG HEE AND QADDAFI FROM LIBYA

1. DEMOCRACY
vs
DICTATORSHIP
Definitions
In Focus
President Park chun hee (South Korea 1961 -1979)
President Pervez Musharraf (Pakistan 1999- 2008 )
Similarities between both presidents
Conclusion

2. Democracy
The word ‘democracy’ has its origins in the Greek language. It combines two
shorter words: ‘demos’ meaning whole citizen living within a particular city-state
and ‘kratos’ meaning power or rule
U.S. president Abraham Lincoln defined democracy as:
Government of the people, by the people, for the people
form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and
exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system.
Guarantee the basic Human Rights to every individual person
Separation of Powers between the institutions of the state

3. Dictatorship A dictator is a ruler who
wields absolute authority. A state ruled by a
dictator is called a Dictatorship
Totalitarianismis the type of Government or State that
wants to hold all power and authority to control each and every aspect of social
life e.g. economical, political, environmental, social etc. Its purpose is to grant all
power and authority to a single position.
Authoritarianismwhile is a bureaucratic type of political
system. In this system the authority is shared within the society but this authority
is usually assigned by non democratic process and the person with authority is
under no or less restriction in performance of his/her duty. He also might misuse
his/her authority and oppress the citizens.

4. PARK CHUN HEE
“Let us farm when its clear and study whens it rains”
Park Chung Hee South Korean General and politician, president of the
Republic of (South Korea) from 1963 to his death. His 18-year rule brought
about enormous economic expansion, though at the cost of civil liberties and
political freedom.
Given the North’s extraordinary effort to achieve military superiority, it would
have been natural for General Park to continue channeling the nation’s
resources primarily into military power. But Park, surprising for a general, chose
to slash the proportion of GDP going to the military and to focus on economic
development .

5. Park's most Enduring Achievements
Park's main achievements were the building of South Korea's impressive infrastructure and its export-
oriented economy
GDP growth averaged 9-10% a year
Manufacturing sector took greater share of the economy (close to 30% - comparable to West Germany)
The Gyungbu expressway, which connects Seoul, Busan and many other major cities of South Korea
The highway became the backbone of South Korea’s development.
Park strategy for the economic development of South Korea was the Heavy and Chemical Industries
(HCI) Plan. This was a shift in orientation. The HCI Plan formulated in the early 1970's, in addition to
calling for the development of heavy industries and chemical industries, involved a more centralized,
import-substitution orientation of the economy

6.  Park Jung-hee was a mere dictator, an enemy of democracy, dreaming for permanent power until his death via
Yushin
 Used KCIA to maintain his authority, harshly torture his political enemies, to control the media
 He is also accused of persecuting laborers and protecting the chairmen of various companies during the
economic development process
 He is suspected as a pro-Japanese man because of the fact that he served as a lieutenant of the Japanese
army in the colonial times. He also covered Japan’s crimes towards Korean people through the Korea-Japan
Pact in 1965, only received 0.3 billon dollars and borrowed 0.2 billion dollars from Japan
 He is also not free from the accusation that he “sold” two thirds of the Korean military force to the US in the
Vietnam War, and utilized it as one of the methods of economic growth.
 He reversed his pledge to step down after he completed his second term and changed the constitution in 1969
to enable him to run for a third term
 , Park imposed garrison decrees on university campuses nationwide to suppress the spreading students’
protests for democratization

7. President Pervez Musharraf
Mindsets can not be changed through force and coercion. No idea can ever
be forcibly thrust”
Pervez Musharraf is a retired four-star general and a Pakistani politician who
seized power through a military coup in 1999. He served as the tenth President of
Pakistan from 2001 until 2008.
Prior to that, he was the 13th Chief of Army Staff from October 1998
until November 2007, and was also the tenth Chairman of the Joint
Chiefs of Staff Committee of Pakistan Armed Forces from 1998 until
2001. Commissioned from the Pakistan Army in 1964, Musharraf rose to
national prominence after being appointed a four-star general in
October 1998 by then-Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif
Superseded 3 other senior generals to become chief of army staff

8. 9 world class engineering universities were developed and 18 public universities further developed.
Pakistan was ranked third in world banking profitability.
 The IT industry was valued at around $2 billion, including $1 billion in exports and employed around 90,000
professionals.
 The CNG sector attracted over $70 billion in investment in the past five years and created 45,000 jobs.
The telecommunications sector attracted around $10 billion in investments and created over 1.3 million jobs.
the 2001 Local Government Ordinance, carried genuine devolution and empowerment of local communities
Industrial parks were set up throughout the country for the first time.
 Foreign reserves increased from $700 million to $17 billion.
 A historic 100% increase in tax collection (amounting to Rs1 trillion) was observed
 The literacy rate improved by 11 per cent.
 Poverty decreased by 10 per cent.
 The industrial sector registered 26 per cent growth.

9. Suspended the constitution twice in 1999 and 2007.
LAL Mosque attack (The most Shameful act by any ruler in Pakistan's history)
He allowed US army to use Pakistan's Airports, made contracts with US on Drone attacks.
 Veteran Baloch nationalist leader and former Chief Minister of Baluchistan province,
Nawab Akbar Khan Bugti was killed
Attacked several times Pakistan Media (TV Channels)
First time in worlds history, Chief Justice of Pakistan was suspended and put under house arrest by force.
Long-term house arrest / social cut-off of famous Pakistani scientist A.Q Khan.
Under Musharraf’s watch, the Pakistani military and its intelligence agencies committed widespread human
rights violations, including the enforced disappearances of thousands of political opponents, and tortured
hundreds of Pakistani terrorism suspects. Political opponents including high-profile opposition politicians were
exiled, jailed, tortured, and in some instances murdered.
Forced the country into war against terrorism as frontline state which has cost a fortune to Pakistan in last 10
years .

10. Similarities

13. Both military personals and came
into power via military coup
PARK CHUN HEE
seized power through a military coup d'état
that overthrew the Korean Second Republic
in 1961 and ruled as a military strongman at
the head of the Supreme Council for National
Reconstruction.
PERVEZ MUSHARRAF
overthrew elected Prime Minister Nawaz
Sharif and his existing elected government,
on 12 October 1999. Two days later, on 14
October 1999, Musharraf declared a state of
emergency and issued a Provisional
Constitutional Order.

14. Referendums
 REFERENDUM WAS HELD ON 21 NOVEMBER 1972
PRESIDENT PARK HAD ALREADY SUSPENDED
THE CONSTITUTION AND DISSOLVED
THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY IN OCTOBER. WORK
BEGAN ALMOST IMMEDIATELY ON A NEW
CONSTITUTION. THE FINISHED PRODUCT WAS A
SEVERELY AUTHORITARIAN DOCUMENT THAT
DRAMATICALLY EXPANDED THE PRESIDENT'S
Choice Votes %
For 13,186,559 92.3
Against 1,106,143 7.7
Invalid/blank votes 118,012 -
Total 14,410,714 100
Source: Nohlen et al.
 IN 2001 TO SEE WHETHER THE GENERAL
POPULATION WAS SUPPORTIVE OF
MUSHARRAF. HE CLAIMED THAT HOLDING A
REFERENDUM WAS ABIDING BY DEMOCRATIC
LAWS, DESPITE THE CONSTITUTION OF
PAKISTAN NOT CONTAINING A REFERENCE TO
ELECTING PRESIDENTS BY REFERENDUMS
Choice Votes %
For 42,804,000 97.97
Against 883,676 2.03
Invalid/blank votes 282,676 –
Total43,970,352 100
Registered voters/turnout 78,300,000 56.10
Source: Direct Democracy

15. Engaging the country Army in proxy
war and Human Rights Issues
Park sent about 320,000 South Korean troops to fight
in the Vietnam War with South Vietnam reason for
doing so was the fact that United States was providing
reimbursement to South Korea personnel. The money
was diverted by Park towards economic development
of South Korea
There were widespread Human rights abuses
including torture, arbitrary detention, and summary
executions. Park believed that modernization and self-
reliance were the first priorities and that Democracy
and Human Rights came late
Pervez Musharraf Engaged the army in war against
terrorism on the behalf of America and send army
troops to Wazisrtan near Afghanistan border for sake of
Foreign Aid as frontline state in the war
Under Musharraf’s watch, the Pakistani military and
its intelligence agencies committed widespread human
rights violations, including the enforced disappearances
of thousands of political opponents, and tortured
hundreds of Pakistani terrorism suspects. Political
opponents including high-profile opposition politicians
were exiled, jailed, tortured, and in some instances
murdered

16. Suspension of Constitution and
unconstitutional Amendments
PARK CHUNG HEE
Suspended the constitution twice first during the
military coup in 1961 and then in 1972.
 Power was monopolized by Park Chung Hee and
his Democratic Republican Party under the highly
centralized authoritarian "Yushin System“
Park escalated his dictatorial rule by repeatedly
breaking his promises to restore democracy
PERVEZ MUSHARRAF
Suspended the constitution during military coup in
1999 and in 2007 by declaring emergency.
Changed the constitution via” Legal Framework Order,
 L. F. O. 2000 was sanctified by postulating that
no body can challenge it in any court of law “on
any ground “
Musharraf broke the promise to restore democracy via
stepping down as army chief and to keep only civilian
president office .

17. Failed Assassination Attempts:
PARK CHUN HEE
The Blue House Raid (also known in South
Korea as the "January 21 Incident") was
an unsuccessful attempt by North Korean
commandos to assassinate the President of
South Korea, Park Chung-hee, at his residence
at the Blue House, on January 21, 1968.
During the course of this assassination
attempt, South Korean casualties totaled 26
killed and 66 wounded—mainly military and
police, but also about two dozen civilians.
Finally was assassinated by KCIA Director
and parks security chief Kim Jae-kyu
PERVEZ MUSHARRAF
President Pervez Musharraf escaped assassination
attempts in 2003 Twice in 11 days, when two suicide
bombers plowed their vehicles into his Musharraf's
motorcade and detonated car bombs.
He was unhurt, but Pakistani officials said the bombs
had killed at least 14 people, including both bombers.
At least 46 other people were wounded.
Musharraf stepped down as Army chief in 2007 and
kept the Seat of only Civilian president He appointed
General Kiyani as new army chief but eventually was
forced to resign as a president in 2008 by Gen Kiyani.

18. Economic Development

19. Well it shows that countries like South Koreas economic boom started
in authoritarian regime and Pakistan's financial and development stats
were on high under the Musharraf's dictatorship.
Are development and Prosperity the only necessitates that a nation
needs ?
The example coming up will demonstrate the answer

20. Libya during Gaddafi Regime
There was no electricity bills in Libya; electricity is free for all its citizens.
 There was no interest on loans, banks in Libya are state-owned and loans given to all its citizens at 0% interest by law
A home was considered a human right in Libya. (In Qaddafi’s Green Book it states: “The house is a basic need of both the
individual and the family, therefore it should not be owned by others
A mother who gives birth to a child would receive US $5,000
When a Libyan buys his first car, the government would subsidizes 50% of the price. The price of petrol in Libya was $0.14
per liter.
 For $ 0.15, a Libyan local could purchase 40 loaves of bread.
Education and medical treatments was all free in Libya. Libya can boast one of the finest health care systems in the Arab and
African World. All people have access to doctors, hospitals, clinics and medicines, completely free of charge.
Citizens shared the highest living standards in Africa
He gave women full access to education and employment, and he has enabled women to serve in the armed forces.

21. Dark Side
Qaddafi ruled Libya for 42 years
Dark side of the Kaddafi regime was that people were deprived of their
basic rights;
Libyans were not allowed to enter politics,
Make unions and or speak against Qaddafi.
There was no parliament, no civil society and no non-governmental
organizations in the country,
No freedom of speech.

22. Result
Gaddafi's last words as he begged for mercy:
'What I Did Wrong To You:?

23. If you don’t come Democracy - Democracy will come to you
Democracy is Power of People
But
With Great power Comes Great
Responsibility
Conclusion

24. THE END
Thanks For Your Patience