This document provides a history of Pakistan's political leadership and constitutional developments from 1947 to 2008. It summarizes the country's prime ministers, presidents, martial laws, and constitutions. Key events include the Objectives Resolution of 1949, the constitutions of 1956, 1962, and 1973, and amendments made over time. Election processes for the National Assembly and Senate are also outlined.
Salient feature of 1973 constitution of pakistanEHSAN KHAN
Salient feature of 1973 constitution of Pakistan
Constitution is the set of law and principals that determines the nature, functions and limits of the government and other institutions.
Constitutions and political crisis in pakistan (1947-2014)Tallat Satti
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1947-56)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1957-72)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1973-88)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1989-2000)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan(2001-2014)
Salient feature of 1973 constitution of pakistanEHSAN KHAN
Salient feature of 1973 constitution of Pakistan
Constitution is the set of law and principals that determines the nature, functions and limits of the government and other institutions.
Constitutions and political crisis in pakistan (1947-2014)Tallat Satti
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1947-56)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1957-72)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1973-88)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan (1989-2000)
Constitutional and political crisis in Pakistan(2001-2014)
Ayub Khan was Pakistani politician and army general who served as the second President of Pakistan .
.In 1958 until being forced to resign amid the 1969 uprising in East Pakistan.
Born: 14 May 1907 at Rehana.
Died: 19 April 1974 at Islamabad
Education : For his basic education, he was enrolled in a school in Sarai Saleh, which was about 4 miles from his village , after that he was shifted to Haripur School .
. After passing his Matriculation Examination in 1922, Ayub was sent to Aligarh University where he spent four years. However, before appearing exams, he was selected for the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. He sailed for England in 1926.
power point document on general zia ul haq's policies, his early life, his governance, afghan miracle, zia as president and chief martial law administrator
East Pakistan Separation- History of SubContinentAqib Syed
East Pakistan Separation- History of SubContinent
Political system in Pakistan broke down in 1971 because of output failure arising out of conflict among East and West Pakistan.
Though separation of East Pakistan occurred in 1971, the separation’s elements had begun to work with the emergence of Pakistan in 1947. Following were the main causes of the separation of East Pakistan.
In 1957, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto became the youngest
member of Pakistan's delegation to the United Nations.
As his father was politically active, Bhutto had learned
politics and its affairs from very early age.
In 1958, he became Pakistan’s youngest cabinet
minister. He was assigned ministry of Water and
Power.
He was then given ministry of Commerce,
Communication and Industry.
Close and trustworthy to Ayub Khan.
Indus Water Treaty and Oil Exploration Agreement.
1963, Bhutto became Foreign Minister.
Ayub Khan was Pakistani politician and army general who served as the second President of Pakistan .
.In 1958 until being forced to resign amid the 1969 uprising in East Pakistan.
Born: 14 May 1907 at Rehana.
Died: 19 April 1974 at Islamabad
Education : For his basic education, he was enrolled in a school in Sarai Saleh, which was about 4 miles from his village , after that he was shifted to Haripur School .
. After passing his Matriculation Examination in 1922, Ayub was sent to Aligarh University where he spent four years. However, before appearing exams, he was selected for the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. He sailed for England in 1926.
power point document on general zia ul haq's policies, his early life, his governance, afghan miracle, zia as president and chief martial law administrator
East Pakistan Separation- History of SubContinentAqib Syed
East Pakistan Separation- History of SubContinent
Political system in Pakistan broke down in 1971 because of output failure arising out of conflict among East and West Pakistan.
Though separation of East Pakistan occurred in 1971, the separation’s elements had begun to work with the emergence of Pakistan in 1947. Following were the main causes of the separation of East Pakistan.
In 1957, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto became the youngest
member of Pakistan's delegation to the United Nations.
As his father was politically active, Bhutto had learned
politics and its affairs from very early age.
In 1958, he became Pakistan’s youngest cabinet
minister. He was assigned ministry of Water and
Power.
He was then given ministry of Commerce,
Communication and Industry.
Close and trustworthy to Ayub Khan.
Indus Water Treaty and Oil Exploration Agreement.
1963, Bhutto became Foreign Minister.
Local Government Reforms in Pakistan: Context, Content and Causes fatanews
This paper examines the recent decentralization reforms in Pakistan under
General Musharraf. We highlight major aspects of this reform and analyze its
evolution in a historical context to better understand potential causes behind this
current decentralization. Analyzing the evolution of local government reforms in
Pakistan is interesting because each of the three major reform experiments has
been instituted at the behest of a non-representative centre using a ‘top down’
approach. Each of these reform experiments is a complementary change to a
wider constitutional reengineering strategy devised to further centralization of
political power in the hands of the non-representative centre. We argue that the
design of the local government reforms in these contexts becomes endogenous to
the centralization objectives of the non-representative centre. It is hoped that
analyzing the Pakistani experience will help shed light on the positive political
economy question of why non-representative regimes have been willing
proponents of decentralization to the local level.
Pakistan Constitutional History 1956 to 1973FaHaD .H. NooR
Abrogation of 1956’s constitution and Imposition of Martial Law (1958)
Introduction of Basic Democracies by Mr. Ayub Khan (1959)
Formulation of 1962’s Constitution
Constitution of 1962
Salient features of 1962’s Constitution
Abrogation of the 1962’s Constitution & Imposition of Martial law by Mr. Yahya Khan (1969)
1973 Constitution
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
6. Liaquat Ali Khan 15 Aug Prime Minister Ghulam Muhammad 17 Oct Governor General ChaudharyMuhhammad Ali 12 Aug Prime Minister Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah 15 Aug Governor General Muhammad Ali Bogra 17 Apr Prime Minister Iskander Ali Mirza 06 Oct Governor General KhawajaNazimuddin 14 Sep Governor General KhawajaNazimuddin 17 Oct Prime Minister >> 1947 1948 1951 1953 1955
7. Husain ShaheedSuharwardy Sep Prime Minister MalikFeeroz Khan 16 Dec Prime Minister Muhammad Ayub Khan 27 Oct Chief Marshal Law Presidential Election 02 Jan Iskander Ali Mirza 23 Mar President Ibrahim Ismail Chundigar 17 Oct Prime Minister Agha Muhammad Yahya khan 25 Mar President 06 Sep Indo-Pak War 07 Oct 1st Marshal Law Mar 23 1st Constitution Mar 25 2nd Marshal Law Mar 23, 1962 2nd Constitution >> 1956 1957 1958 1965 1969
8. FazalElahiChaudhry 14 Aug President Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto 20 Dec Civil chief Marshal Administrator Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq 16 Sep Chief Marshal Law Muhammad khan Junejo 23 Mar Prime Minister NurulAmmin 07 Dec Prime Minister PNA Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto 14 Aug Prime Minister 1st General Election Oct Separation Of East Pakistan 16 Dec 2nd General Election 07 Mar 3rd General Election 25 Feb 14 Aug 3rd Constitution 3rd Marshal Law November 8th Amendment >> 1970 1971 1973 1977 1985
9. Farooq Ahmad khan Leghari 02 Dec President Benazir Bhutto 02 Dec Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif 05 Nov Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto 19 Oct Prime Minister 4th General Election Nov Nawaz Sharif 05 Nov Prime Minister IJI GhulamIshaq Khan 17 Aug President Muhammad RafiqTarar 01 Jan President 5th General Election 24 Oct 6th General Election 06 Oct 7th General Election 03 Feb April 13th Amendment >> 1988 1990 1993 1997 1998
10. Asif Ali Zardari 06 Sep President Shukat Aziz 28 Aug Prime Minister Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali 23 Nov Prime Minister YousufRazaGillani 25 Mar Prime Minister Chuadhry Shujat Hussain 26 June Prime Minister PervezMusharaf 12 Oct Chief Executive PervezMusharaf 20 Jun President 8th General Election 20 Oct 9th General Election 18 Feb 12 Oct 4th Marshal Law Nov3, 2007 PCO 1999 2001 2002 2004 2008
150. Share of seats of a district is determined by dividing the population of that district with the quota per seat of a Province/Area/Agency in the National Assembly.No. of Seats= Population of District Quota per seat of Province
158. Constituencies… Inter-District Constituency when D.I. Khan + Bannu + Kohat + Peshawar + Lakki + Tank (0.038 + 0.019 + 0.088 + 0.053 + 0.006 +0.027) 0.88=1seat < 0.5 Population of District Quota per seat of Province
161. 1st General Election Chamber: National Assembly Election Date: Oct , 1970 Total Seats: 300 (138 in West Pakistan, 162 in East Pakistan) Turnout: 63% Prime Minister: Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Duration: 14 Aug 1973 - 5 Jul 1977
162. 2nd General Election Chamber: National Assembly Election Date: 7 Mar , 1977 Total Seats: 200 Turnout: 63% Prime Minister: (Marshal Law) Duration: N/A
163. 3rd General Election Chamber: National Assembly Election Date: 25 Feb, 1985 Total Seats: 237 Turnout: 61% Prime Minister: Muhammad Khan Junejo Duration: 23 Mar 1985 - 29 May 1988 Non-Party Based
164. 4th General Election Chamber: National Assembly Election Date: 16 Nov , 1988 Total Seats: 237 Turnout: 43.1% Prime Minister: Benazir Bhutto Duration: 2 Dec 1988 - 6 Aug 1990 *20 Reserved Seats for Women 10 Reserved seats for Minorities
165. 5th General Election Chamber: National Assembly Election Date: 24 Oct , 1990 Total Seats: 237 Turnout: 45.5% Prime Minister: Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif Duration: 6 Nov 1990 - 18 Apr 1993 *20 Reserved Seats for Women 10 Reserved seats for Minorities
166. 6th General Election Chamber: National Assembly Election Date: 06 Oct , 1993 Total Seats: 237 Turnout: 41% Prime Minister: Benazir Bhutto Duration: 19 Oct 1993 - 5 Nov 1996 *20 Reserved Seats for Women 10 Reserved seats for Minorities
167. 7th General Election Chamber: National Assembly Election Date: 07 Feb , 1997 Total Seats: 237 Turnout: 35.2% Prime Minister: Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif Duration: 17 Feb 1997 - 12 Oct 1999 *20 Reserved Seats for Women 10 Reserved seats for Minorities
168. 8th General Election Chamber: National Assembly Election Date: 20 Oct , 2002 Total Seats: 342 Turnout: 41.8% Prime Minister: Mir Zafarullah Khan Jamali Duration: 23 Nov 2002 – 26 June 2004 *Including 60 Reserved Seats for Women 10 Reserved seats for Minorities
169. 9th General Election Chamber: National Assembly Election Date: 18 Feb , 2008 Total Seats: 342 Turnout: 63% Prime Minister: SyedYousufRazaGillani Duration: 25 Mar Nov 2008 – till today *Including 60 Reserved Seats for Women 10 Reserved seats for Minorities