This document provides definitions and brief descriptions of important terms from world history. It includes explanations of apartheid, appeasement, armistice, atheism, aristocracy, and the Bill of Rights among other terms. Key figures like Winston Churchill, Adolph Hitler, and Mao Zedong are also summarized. Historical events, ideologies, and organizations spanning from ancient tribal systems to the Cold War and beyond are defined in concise entries.
http://www.businessinsider.com/brutal-dictators-youve-never-heard-of-2016-2?op=0#/#than-shwe-myanmar-1992-2011-20
Representative government has been a luxury that relatively few people have enjoyed throughout human history.
And while the vast majority of dictators fall short of Hitler- or Stalin-like levels of cruelty, history is rife with oppressors, war criminals, sadists, sociopaths, and morally complacent individuals who ended up as unelected heads of government — to the tragic detriment of the people and societies they ruled.
Here's a look at 22 brutal dictators that you may not have heard of.
http://www.businessinsider.com/brutal-dictators-youve-never-heard-of-2016-2?op=0#/#than-shwe-myanmar-1992-2011-20
Representative government has been a luxury that relatively few people have enjoyed throughout human history.
And while the vast majority of dictators fall short of Hitler- or Stalin-like levels of cruelty, history is rife with oppressors, war criminals, sadists, sociopaths, and morally complacent individuals who ended up as unelected heads of government — to the tragic detriment of the people and societies they ruled.
Here's a look at 22 brutal dictators that you may not have heard of.
Victory Day on 8 or 9 May should be celebrated throughout the world as one of the great events of human history because it meant the crushing of the Nazi-fascist "serpent" that flourished in Europe in the first half of the twentieth century. This event should be remembered as highly important in the history of humanity not only because it prevented the escalation of Nazi-fascism throughout the world, but also to act in the contemporary era as an important instrument of public awareness to act in the fight against Nazi-fascism, especially in the present conjuncture that is characterized by the advance of fascism in Europe, the United States and, also, in Brazil.
Victory Day on 8 or 9 May should be celebrated throughout the world as one of the great events of human history because it meant the crushing of the Nazi-fascist "serpent" that flourished in Europe in the first half of the twentieth century. This event should be remembered as highly important in the history of humanity not only because it prevented the escalation of Nazi-fascism throughout the world, but also to act in the contemporary era as an important instrument of public awareness to act in the fight against Nazi-fascism, especially in the present conjuncture that is characterized by the advance of fascism in Europe, the United States and, also, in Brazil.
AFTER THE END of World War I, many Germans were unwilling t.docxjack60216
AFTER THE END of World War I, many Germans were unwilling to accept that their nation's
armed forces had been vanquished on the battlefield, giving rise to the widespread belief that
defeat had come about as the result of a “stab in the back” by traitorous elements within the
German population. To some, there was no secret as to who those treasonous elements were:
they were to be found in the country's Jewish population. Jews were prominent in many
professions, including law, medicine, and education, and were active in the financial and banking
sector as well. Widely envied and resented, they were ripe targets for attack by revenge-seeking
revanchist groups within the country.
In the early 1930s, the nationalist firebrand Adolf Hitler took advantage of these sentiments
to seize power in a country wracked by the Great Depression. In a relatively short period of time,
Hitler, at the head of his National Socialist (Nazi) Party, installed himself as the dictator of what
was termed the Third Reich. He soon embarked on a path to cleanse the country of its internal
enemies and make Germany once again the dominant force in Europe. The ensuing conflict,
which eventually spread worldwide, repeated the horrors of the previous “war to end all wars”
and resulted in an even more decisive defeat for German forces on the battlefield. When World
War II came to an end in 1945, there could be no further cries of a “stab in the back.” Germany
had been decisively defeated and its capital of Berlin lay in ruins.
CRITICAL THINKING
Q What was the relationship between World War I and World War II, and how did the ways
in which the wars were fought differ?
The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes
On February 3, 1933, only four days after he had been appointed chancellor of Germany, Adolf
Hitler (1889–1945) met secretly with Germany's leading generals. He revealed to them his desire
to remove the “cancer of democracy,” create a new authoritarian leadership, and forge a new
domestic unity. His foreign policy objectives were equally striking. Since Germany's living
space was too small for its people, Hitler said, Germany must rearm and prepare for “the
conquest of new living space in the east and its ruthless Germanization.”
https://jigsaw.vitalsource.com/books/9780357297667/epub/OEBPS/08_9781285447902_cont.xhtml#toc-sec6_1
The rise of Adolf Hitler to supreme power in Germany was not an isolated incident, but part
of a pattern that had spread throughout Europe and other parts of the world in the wake of the
Great Depression. The apparent triumph of liberal democracy in 1919 had proven to be
extremely short-lived. Italy had installed a fascist regime in the 1920s, and the Soviet Union
under Joseph Stalin was a repressive dictatorial state. A host of other European states, and Latin .
AFTER THE END of World War I, many Germans were unwilling t.docxgalerussel59292
AFTER THE END of World War I, many Germans were unwilling to accept that their nation's
armed forces had been vanquished on the battlefield, giving rise to the widespread belief that
defeat had come about as the result of a “stab in the back” by traitorous elements within the
German population. To some, there was no secret as to who those treasonous elements were:
they were to be found in the country's Jewish population. Jews were prominent in many
professions, including law, medicine, and education, and were active in the financial and banking
sector as well. Widely envied and resented, they were ripe targets for attack by revenge-seeking
revanchist groups within the country.
In the early 1930s, the nationalist firebrand Adolf Hitler took advantage of these sentiments
to seize power in a country wracked by the Great Depression. In a relatively short period of time,
Hitler, at the head of his National Socialist (Nazi) Party, installed himself as the dictator of what
was termed the Third Reich. He soon embarked on a path to cleanse the country of its internal
enemies and make Germany once again the dominant force in Europe. The ensuing conflict,
which eventually spread worldwide, repeated the horrors of the previous “war to end all wars”
and resulted in an even more decisive defeat for German forces on the battlefield. When World
War II came to an end in 1945, there could be no further cries of a “stab in the back.” Germany
had been decisively defeated and its capital of Berlin lay in ruins.
CRITICAL THINKING
Q What was the relationship between World War I and World War II, and how did the ways
in which the wars were fought differ?
The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes
On February 3, 1933, only four days after he had been appointed chancellor of Germany, Adolf
Hitler (1889–1945) met secretly with Germany's leading generals. He revealed to them his desire
to remove the “cancer of democracy,” create a new authoritarian leadership, and forge a new
domestic unity. His foreign policy objectives were equally striking. Since Germany's living
space was too small for its people, Hitler said, Germany must rearm and prepare for “the
conquest of new living space in the east and its ruthless Germanization.”
https://jigsaw.vitalsource.com/books/9780357297667/epub/OEBPS/08_9781285447902_cont.xhtml#toc-sec6_1
The rise of Adolf Hitler to supreme power in Germany was not an isolated incident, but part
of a pattern that had spread throughout Europe and other parts of the world in the wake of the
Great Depression. The apparent triumph of liberal democracy in 1919 had proven to be
extremely short-lived. Italy had installed a fascist regime in the 1920s, and the Soviet Union
under Joseph Stalin was a repressive dictatorial state. A host of other European states, and Latin .
10.1 Origins of the Cold WarWorld War II left most of Europe in .docxpaynetawnya
10.1 Origins of the Cold War
World War II left most of Europe in shambles. Millions were homeless because the war destroyed thousands of homes, businesses, and public buildings. The European economy was similarly devastated, with much of the industrial infrastructure destroyed or heavily damaged. Great Britain was heavily in debt to the United States and was forced to borrow even more to begin reconstruction. The Soviet Union had suffered severe population losses, including nearly 8.7 million military deaths and 19 million noncombat deaths from starvation, disease, and German prison camps and mass shootings. The USSR also experienced a significant reduction in industrial and food production in the immediate postwar period.
Unable to quickly rebuild, European business elites, conservatives, and even liberals lost ground to Socialists and Communists, who supported the nationalization of banks, manufacturing, and utilities. Smaller European nations such as Greece and Italy also saw major advances by their own homegrown Communist parties. At the war’s end, the United States, with its political stability and rapid economic growth, stood as the lone strong nation among the struggling former combatants. Still, some feared that a Communist upsurge could shake the United States and challenge the nation’s traditions of free enterprise and capitalism.
In this uncertain environment, despite its huge losses, the Soviet Union was the only other world power that had the ideological confidence and military might to join the United States in shaping the new world order. Although the United States and the USSR depended on one another for victory in the war, the alliance between them was tenuous. The Soviets’ Communist-based ideology, culture, and economic system, as well as the dictatorial control of Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, stood in stark contrast to American democratic values and capitalism. Although some hoped that the alliance between the two nations would last beyond the war, the relationship quickly began to unravel once the common threat of German aggression was removed.
The United States and the Soviet Union became locked in a protracted struggle in which their clash of ideas and values was as central as their military and diplomatic rivalry. Beginning in the immediate postwar era, this so-called Cold War was as integral to the restructuring of the new world order as was the physical rebuilding of war-torn Europe and Japan.
Roots of the Conflict
When Harry S. Truman assumed the presidency following Roosevelt’s death in April 1945, he faced some of the most delicate and worrisome troubles of any American president. With little experience in international affairs, he confronted the growing division between the United States and the Soviet Union that began during the war, as evidenced in the tensions over Poland at the Yalta conference. His decisions during and immediately after World War II fostered a half century of global competition with the ...
Lecture SlidesGive Me Liberty! AN AMERICAN HISTORYFIFTH ED.docxcroysierkathey
Lecture Slides
Give Me Liberty!
AN AMERICAN HISTORY
FIFTH EDITION
By Eric Foner
1
Chapter 22: Fighting for the Four Freedoms: World War II, 1941 to 1945
The most popular works of art in World War II were paintings of the Four Freedoms by Norman Rockwell. In his State of the Union address before Congress in January 1941, President Roosevelt spoke of a future world order based on “essential human freedoms”: freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. During the war, Roosevelt emphasized these freedoms as the Allies’ war aims, and he compared them to the Ten Commandments, the Magna Carta, and the Emancipation Proclamation. In his paintings, created in 1943, Rockwell portrayed ordinary Americans exercising these freedoms: a citizen speaking at a town meeting, members of different religious groups at prayer, a family enjoying a Thanksgiving dinner, and a mother and father standing over a sleeping child.
Though Rockwell presented images of small-town American life, the United States changed dramatically in the course of the war. Many postwar trends and social movements had wartime origins. As with World War I, but on a far greater scale, wartime mobilization expanded the size and reach of government and stimulated the economy. Industrial output skyrocketed and unemployment disappeared as war production finally ended the Depression. Demands for labor drew millions of women into the workforce and lured millions of migrants from rural America to industrial cities of the North and West, permanently changing the nation’s social geography.
The war also gave the United States a new and lasting international role and reinforced the idea that America’s security required the global dominance of American values and power. Government military spending unleashed rapid economic development in the South and West, laying the basis for the modern Sunbelt. The war created a close alliance between big business and a militarized federal government—what President Dwight D. Eisenhower later called the “military-industrial complex.”
And the war reshaped the boundaries of American nationality. The government recognized the contributions of America’s ethnic groups as loyal Americans. Black Americans’ second-class status attracted national attention. But toleration went only so far. The United States, at war with Japan, forced more than 100,000 Japanese-Americans, including citizens, into internment camps.
The Four Freedoms thus produced a national unity that obscured divisions within America: divisions over whether free enterprise or the freedom of a global New Deal would dominate after the war, whether civil rights or white supremacy would define race relations, and whether women would return to traditional roles in the household or enter the labor market. The emphasis on freedom as an element of private life would become more and more prominent in postwar America.
2
World War II Posters
Give Me Liberty!: An American H ...
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
2. Apartheid
was a system of legal racial segregation
enforced by the National Party
government in South Africa between 1948
and early 1994.
3. Appeasement
the policy of settling international quarrels
by admitting and satisfying grievances
through rational negotiation and
compromise, thereby avoiding the resort
to an armed conflict which would be
expensive, bloody, and possibly
dangerous."[1] The term is most often
applied to the foreign policy of British
Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain
towards Nazi Germany between 1937 and
1939.
4. Armistice
An armistice is a situation in a war where
the warring parties agree to stop fighting.
5. Atheism
Atheism can be either the rejection of
theism, or the position that god (deities)
does not exist.
6. Aristocracy
is a form of government, in which a few of
the most prominent citizens rule.
7. Bill of Rights
The first 10 amendments to the
constitution
The purpose of is to protect those rights
against infringement by the government.
Included basic freedoms such as speech,
religion, right to own guns etc.
Was a compromise in getting the
Constitution ratified.
8. Winston Churchill
was a British politician known chiefly for
his leadership of the United Kingdom
during World War II. He served as
Prime Minister from 1940 to 1945 and
again from 1951 to 1955.
9. Cold War
(1945–1991) was the continuing state of
political conflict, military tension, and
economic competition existing after World
War II(1939–1945), between the USSR
and its satellite states, and the powers of
the Western world, primarily the United
States.
10. Coup d’ etat
A coup d'état or coup for short, is the
sudden unconstitutional deposition of a
legitimate government, usually by a small
group of the existing state establishment—
typically the military—to replace the
deposed government with another, either
civil or military.
11. Cultural Revolution
launched by Mao Zedong, the chairman of
the Communist Party of China, on May 16,
1966, who alleged that "liberal bourgeois"
elements were permeating the party and
society at large and that they wanted to
restore Capitalism.
He insisted that these elements be
removed through post-revolutionary class
struggle by mobilizing the thoughts and
actions of China’s youth, who formed Red
Guards
Later denounced by Chinese leadership
12. Declaration of Independence
The United States Declaration of Independence is a
statement adopted by the Continental Congress on
July 4, 1776, which announced that the
thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain
were now independent states, and thus no longer a part
of the British Empire. Written primarily by
Thomas Jefferson, the Declaration is a formal
explanation of why Congress had voted on July 2 to
declare independence from Great Britain, more than a
year after the outbreak of the
American Revolutionary War.
13. Dwight Eisenhower
was a five-star general in the
United States Army and the 34th
President of the United States, from 1953
until 1961
During the Second World War, he served
as Supreme Commander of the
Allied forces in Europe, with responsibility
for planning and supervising the
successful invasion of France and
Germany in 1944–45
In 1951, he became the first
supreme commander of NATO.
14. Age of Enlightenment
is a term used to describe a time in
Western philosophy and cultural life,
centered upon the eighteenth century, in
which reason was advocated as the
primary source and legitimacy for
authority.
Stressed the “natural rights” of man
Foundation of the Dec. of Independence
15. Ethnic Cleansing
Ethnic cleansing is a term that has come
to be used broadly to describe all forms of
ethnically inspired violence, ranging from
murder, rape, and torture to the
forcible removal of populations.
16. European Union
The European Union (EU) is an
economic and political union of 27
Member States, located primarily in
Europe. Committed to regional integration,
the EU was established by the
Treaty of Maastricht on 1 November 1993
upon the foundations of the pre-existing
European Economic Community. With
almost 500 million citizens, the EU
combined generates an estimated 30%
share (US$18.4 trillion in 2008) of the
nominal gross world product.[
17. Feudalism
In its most classic sense, feudalism refers
to the Medieval European political system
composed of a set of reciprocal legal and
military obligations among the warrior
nobility, revolving around the three key
concepts of lords, vassals, and fiefs.
18. Genocide
is the deliberate and systematic
destruction, in whole or in part, of an
ethnic, racial, religious, or national group.
19. Guerilla Warfare
Guerrilla warfare is the irregular warfare
warfare and combat in which a small
group of combatants use mobile
military tactics in the form of ambushes
and raids to combat a larger and less
mobile formal army.
The guerrilla army uses ambush and
mobility in attacking vulnerable targets in
enemy territory. Guerrilla warfare is
countered with counter-insurgency
20. Adolph Hitler
He was the authoritarian leader of Germany from
1933 to 1945, serving as chancellor from 1933 to
1945 and as head of state (Führer und Reichskanzler
) from 1934 to 1945.
Responsible for WW II
He is synonymous with NAZI Party
Nazi forces committed numerous atrocities during the
war, including the systematic killing of as many as 17
million civilians, an estimated six million of whom
were Jews targeted in a genocide known as
the Holocaust.
21. Emperor Hirohito
Emperor of Japan during WW II
was the 124th Emperor of Japan
according to the traditional order, reigning
from December 25, 1926 until his death in
1989.
Japan was still a fairly rural country with a
limited industrial base. Japan's
militarization in the 1930s eventually led to
Japan's invasion of China and
22. Holocaust
is the term generally used to describe the
genocide of approximately six million
European Jews during World War II, a
program of systematic state-sponsored
extermination by Nazi Germany, under
Adolf Hitler, its allies, and collaborators.[2]
23. Humanism
is a perspective common to a wide range
of ethical stances that attaches
importance to human dignity, concerns,
and capabilities, particularly rationality.
Although the word has many senses, its
meaning comes into focus when
contrasted to the supernatural or to
appeals to authority
24. Imperialism
Imperialism is considered the control by
one state of other territories. Through
political or military means (direct
imperialism), the imperial power may take
over the government of a particular
territory, or through economic processes
(indirect imperialism), in which the
concerned region is officially self-
governing but linked to the imperial power
by, often unequal, trade relations.
25. Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a period
from the 18th to the 19th century where
major changes in agriculture,
manufacturing, mining, and transport had
a profound effect on the socioeconomic
and cultural conditions in the
United Kingdom. The changes
subsequently spread throughout Europe,
North America, and eventually the world.
The onset of the Industrial Revolution
marked a major turning point in human
history; almost every aspect of daily life
26. Labor Organizations
A trade union (or labor union) is an
organization of workers who have banded
together to achieve common goals in key
areas, such as working conditions. The
trade union, through its leadership,
bargains with the employer on behalf of
union members (rank and file members)
and negotiates labor contracts (
Collective bargaining) with employers.
27. Douglas MacArthur was an American general, United Nations general,
and Field Marshal of the Philippine Army. He was a
Chief of Staff of the United States Army during the
1930s and later played a prominent role in the
Pacific theater of World War II.
He was designated to command the
proposed invasion of Japan in November 1945.
When that was no longer necessary, he officially
accepted the nation's surrender on September 2,
1945.
MacArthur was removed from command by President
Harry S. Truman for publicly disagreeing with
Truman's Korean War Policy.
28. Magna Carta- 1215 AD
Magna Carta required King
John of England to proclaim certain rights
(pertaining to freemen), respect certain
legal procedures, and accept that his will
could be bound by the law. It explicitly
protected certain rights of the King's
subjects, whether free or fettered — and
implicitly supported what became the writ
of habeas corpus, allowing appeal against
unlawful imprisonment.
29. Marshall Plan
was the primary plan of the United States for
rebuilding and creating a stronger foundation for the
countries of Western Europe, and repelling
communism after World War II.
The plan was in operation for four years beginning in
April 1948.
During that period some USD 13 billion in economic
and technical assistance were given to help the
recovery of the European countries
By the time the plan had come to completion, the
economy of every participant state, with the
exception of Germany, had grown well past pre-war
levels
30. Mercantilism
Mercantilism suggests that the ruling
government should advance these goals
by playing a protectionist role in the
economy; by encouraging exports and
discouraging imports, notably through the
use of tariffs and subsidies.
Mercantilism is an economic theory that
holds that the prosperity of a nation is
dependent upon its supply of capital, and
that the global volume of
31. Benito Mussolini
Leader of Italy in WW I
was an Italian politician who led the
National Fascist Party and is credited with
being one of the key figures in the creation
of Fascism
32. NATO
signed on 17 March 1948
The organization constitutes a system of
collective defense whereby its member
states agree to mutual defense in
response to an attack by any external
party.
The Parties of NATO agreed that an
armed attack against one or more of them
in Europe or North America shall be
considered an attack against them all.
33. Nazi
is the totalitarian ideology and practices of
the Nazi Party or National Socialist
German Workers’ Party under Adolf Hitler,
and the policies adopted by the dictatorial
government of Nazi Germany from 1933
to 1945
Responsible for World War II
Believed in superior Aryan race
Responsible for the “holocaust”
34. Oligarchy
An Oligarchy is a form of government in
which power effectively rests with a small
elite segment of society distinguished by
royal, wealth, intellectual, family, military,
or religious leaders.
35. OPEC
The Organization of the Petroleum
Exporting Countries is a cartel of twelve
countries made up of Algeria, Angola,
Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria,
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the
United Arab Emirates, and Venezuela.
Controls world oil princes and production
36. Renaissance
The Renaissance (French for "rebirth“)
was a cultural movement that spanned
roughly the 14th to the 17th century,
beginning in Florence in the
Late Middle Ages and later spreading to
the rest of Europe.
An intellectual transformation of a
resurgence of art, science, and
architecture
37. Reparations
is replenishment of a previously inflicted
loss by the criminal to the victim.
Possibly a results of:
War
Slavery
Social or cultural injustice (Japanese
internment)
38. Romanticism
a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual
movement that originated in the second
half of the 18th century in Western Europe
, and gained strength during the
Industrial Revolution. It was partly a revolt
against aristocratic social and political
norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a
reaction against the scientific
rationalization of nature, and was
embodied most strongly in the visual arts,
music, and literature.
39. Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) 1882-
1945
the only U.S. President (1933-45) elected
to more than two terms, was a central
figure in world events during the mid-
20th century, leading the United States
during a time of worldwide economic crisis
and world war
Often credited for leading the US out of
the Great Depression.
Expanded role of President
Created many new government programs
40. SEATO
was an international organization for
collective defense which was signed on
September 8, 1954.
was primarily created to block further
communist gains in Southeast Asia.
Members were:
Australia, France, Bangladesh, New Zealand,
Philippines, Pakistan, United States, Thailand,
United Kingdom
41. Josef Stalin
was the
General Secretary of the Communist Party of t
's Central Committee from 1922 until his
death in 1953. In the years following
Lenin's death in 1924, he rose to become
the leader of the Soviet Union.
Was leader in Russia during World War II
42. Stalin-Hitler Pact of 1939
It was a Non-Aggression Pact between
Russia and Germany and pledged
neutrality by either party if the other were
attacked by a third party.
Germany later invaded Russia in 1941
43. Theocracy
is a form of government in which a god or
deity is recognized as the state's supreme
civil ruler, or in a higher sense, a form of
government in which a state is governed
by immediate divine guidance or by
officials who are regarded as divinely
guided (clerics).
Rule by religious leaders, ex. Iran
44. Totalitarian
is a political system where the state,
usually under the control of a single party
or faction, recognizes no limits to its
authority and strives to regulate every
aspect of public and private life wherever
feasible.
Examples:
Nazi Germany
Communist Russia
Communist Cuba
Maoist China
45. Triangular Trade
Triangular trade, or Triangle trade, is a
historical term indicating trade among
three ports or regions. The trade evolved
where a region had an export commodity
that was required in the region from which
its major imports came. Triangular trade
thus provided a mechanism for rectifying
trade imbalances.
Often sugar to Europe, rum to Africa, slave
to America
46. Tribal systems
First types of government
Usually small migrant bands of people
gathered together for protection
Had spiritual and leadership guidelines
Often warring or defensive
47. Truman Doctrine
a set of principles of U.S. inland policy created on March
12, 1947 by President Harry S Truman
Truman declared that the United States, as "
leader of the free world", must support democracy
worldwide and fight against communism.
The declaration of the Truman Doctrine served to inhibit
the formation of coalition governments that included
communist elements. (containment)
Set the groundwork for the “Cold War”
48. United Nations
is an international organization whose
stated aims are facilitating cooperation in
international law, international security,
economic development, social progress,
human rights, and the achieving of world
peace.
Currently 192 member countries
Started in 1945-after WW II
49. Warsaw Pact is the informal name for the mutual defense Treaty of
Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance
subscribed by eight Communist states in
Eastern Europe, that was established at the USSR’s
initiative and realized on 14 May 1955.
The Warsaw Pact was the Soviet Bloc’s military
response to West Germany’s October 1954
integration to NATO.
Countries included were:
Albania
Bulgaria
Hungary
Poland
Romania
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
50. Mao Zedong (Tse-tung)
was a Chinese revolutionary, political theorist and
Communist leader .
He led the People's Republic of China (PRC) from its
establishment in 1949 until his death in 1976.
His theoretical contribution to Marxism-Leninism,
military strategies, and his brand of Communist
policies are now collectively known as Maoism.
Mao's social-political programs, such as the
Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, are
blamed for causing severe famine and damage to the
culture, society and economy of China.
51. Causes of World War I
Mutual Defense Alliances
Imperialism
Militarism
Nationalism
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
52. Causes of WW I
Mutual Defense Alliances
Russia and Serbia
Germany and Austria-Hungary
France and Russia
Britain and France and Belgium
Japan and Britain
53. Causes of WW I
Imperialism
Imperialism is when a country increases their
power and wealth by bringing additional
territories under their control
Africa and Asia were points of contention
Desire to control these areas led to
confrontation
54. Causes of WW I
Militarism
Arms race among Britain, Germany and
Russia
55. Causes of WW I
Nationalism
Countries wanted to prove their dominance
and power
56. Causes of WW I
Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand
Led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on
Serbia
Russia aligned with Serbia so Germany
declared war on Russia
57. Why US Entered WW I
US was neutral to begin with
Sinking of Lusitania stirred American
concerns
German submarine warfare against US
merchant ships
German sent secret message to Mexico
and promised them parts of the US back if
they aligned with Germany
58. Causes of World War II
Failure of the Treaty of Versailles
Failure of League of Nations
Adolf Hitler’s rise to power
Expansionism and Appeasement
Fascism
Economic depression and instability
Entangling Alliances
59. Causes of World War II
1939-Germany invades Poland
Brings Britain and France into the war
Japan invades Manchuria, China
Japan attacks Pearl Harbor bringing US
into the war
Germany invades USSR