The document discusses Pakistan's struggle with democracy since independence. It notes the role of the two-nation theory in the creation of Pakistan and the ideological debate around establishing an Islamic system versus secularism. It analyzes how the military has repeatedly intervened in government due to issues of national security and democracy acting "naughty." It questions why democracy has failed to take root in Pakistan and analyzes power structures like the influence of the armed forces, which are seen as above the law, threatening national security and democracy.

1. Pakistan, Democracy and Me Qulb E Abbas

2. The Birth… The Ideology Two Nation Theory Islamic System of Practice Civil Rights and Justice The General Concept Development and Democracy Will, Voice, Action

3. The Grooming Migration and Dichotomy The Two Formidable Aunts Migrant Led Executives Constitutional Assemblies Continual Rifts and Practices Govt. Rule Through Higher Bureaucracy Local strength growing popular Ethnic intolerance

4. Regional Factors Lack of Institutionalization Developed Institutes Handed to Neighbors Struggle to Adopt and Frame Islamic Sharia vs. Secularism (what School to join) Ulama backed Sharia

5. The Army… The Awakening of Grumpy Grandpa Gain of Power (The savior) (Democracy acting naughty) 1948, 1965, 1971 The cause of Kashmir General Acceptance (Opportunism) Issue of National Security The Marshal Laws (Democracy Grounded): One Man power Centre

6. The Constitution and Democracy The Montessori for Democracy Constitution necessary for development Myron Weiner’s Four Block Puzzle: Competitive Elections Operational Freedom for Contenders Acceptance of results Exercise of Power (couldn’t figure this one out)

7. The Question? Why does Democracy fail?

8. Analysis of Power Structures Involvement of Armed Forces (the Big Mafia) Threat to National Security Sky Rocketing Defense Budgets

9. Analysis of Power Structures (cont) Pyramid Structured Rule Presidential System Constitutional Engineering Unaccountability Armed Forces above the Law

10. Engineered Public Support Ayub -> Development Zia -> Religion Musharraf -> Accountability Post Marshal Law Civilian Leaders Bhutto Nawaz Democratic Dictatorship (present) Analysis of Power Structures (cont)

11. Thank you