Defragmentation involves reorganizing the data on a hard disk so that all fragments of files are consolidated into contiguous free space, improving access times. It works by collecting all the pieces of individual files that may have become scattered across the disk into adjoining sectors. This allows files to be located and read more quickly. Regular defragmentation can improve computer performance over time as fragmentation increases with normal use.

1. Defragmentation
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2. Disk Defragmentation
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3. Definition
 Defragmentation is a technique that puts all related data
together pertaining to a file
 In order to speed up accessing, the free space is
consolidated in one contiguous black
 That is free contiguous memory locations are available to
store future data
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4. Example
 A group of students along with their teacher go to a
concert if they reserve seats early then they sit together
in the same row
 Accessing them by the teacher is fast and easy
 Other wise they have to take whatever sets are still
available scattered about the auditorium
 Then accessing them by the teacher is difficult
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5. Contd..
Example
 If scattered the group can be defragmented by
rearranging the seats such that all students take seats
together
 This is called Defragmentation
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6. Defragmentation
Whenever we delete a file from our hard disk and
whenever windows removes a temporary file, a storage
area on the disk becomes free for reuse again
 the next time we save a file, windows uses its free
area to store as much of the file as fit
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7. Defragmentation
 As we delete old files and insert new files over a period
of time, they begin to be distributed on the hard disk as a
piece here, piece there, another piece somewhere else
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8. Defragmentation
 It tends to slow file accessing because
the system has to go to several locations to pick up one
file
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9. Advantages
 We can speed up the hard disk response time by
running the Disk Defragmenter program
This program rearranges the files so that all parts of a
file are stored together in one location
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10. Advantages Contd..
 Large sections of free space are also put together
 So we can improve the performance of our computer
by defragmenting our hard disk
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11. Procedure for Defragment
 Click the Start button
 Point to programs
Point to Accessories
Go to System Tools
and click Disk Defragmenter
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12. Procedure for Defragmenting
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13. Defragmentation
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14. Defragmentation
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15. Defragmentation
 Select the Drive
 Click OK to start the defragmentation
 The decrementing Drive window appears as
shown
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16. Defragmentation
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17. Contd..
Defragmentation
 Defragmenter starts to defrayment files on the
selected drive and displays its progress
 We can choose to stop it, pause it or show details to see
Disk Defragmenter in action
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18. Contd..
Defragmentation
 A dialog box appears when the defragmentation
of the hard disk is complete
 Click Yes to close Disk Defragmenter
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19. Summary
In this lecture you have learned about
 Defragmentation
 Advantages of defragmentation
 Method to defragment
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20. Frequently asked questions
1.What is meant by defragmemtation? What is the need of
defragmentation ?
2. Why would you need to defragmentation your hard disk?
3. What are the advantages of defragmentation?
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21. Quiz
1. A technique that puts all related date together
(a) fragmentation
(b) defragmentation
(c) delete & save
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22. Quiz
2. After defragmentation the accessing becomes
(a) slow
(b) same
(c) fast
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