The document discusses BIOS and UEFI firmware. It explains that BIOS initializes the computer's hardware and allows booting an operating system, while UEFI is newer standard that supports larger drives and partitions. The document outlines some key advantages of UEFI like supporting drives over 2TB and allowing booting from non-hard drive media. It also discusses UEFI BIOS security features like encryption, theft protection, and secure boot verification of software.

1. BIOS - UEFI/Legacy
Faizan Mushtaq , Gurleen Kaur
B.Tech Computer Science
CT Group of Institutions,
Jalandhar

2. BIOS –Basic Input / Output System
• The software used to start your computer
-The firmware
-system BIOS, ROM BIOS
-ROM or flash memory
• Initializes CPU and memory
-Build the workspace
• POST
-Power-On Self-Test
• Look for a boot loader
-Start the operating system

3. Legacy BIOS
• The original / traditional BIOS
- It’s been around for than 25
years
• Older OS talked to hardware
through the BIOS
-Instead of accessing hardware
directly
• Limited hardware support
- No drivers for modern network,
video, and storage devices

4. Why do we need something new?
• BIOS is already more than 25 years old
• BIOS has not advances with the latest PC Technology in market
• BIOS has Limitations:
-Can only boot from HDD of 2.1TB or less
-MBR Partition used

5. UEFI-Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
• Started late 90’s by INTEL
• Released October 2002 by INTEL for Itanium x64 Systems
• 2005 UEFI Forum is born and take care about UEFI
• UEFI is a Firmware Specification, NOT a Firmware Implementation!

6. UEFI BIOS
• Unified Extensible Firmware
Interface
- Based on Intel’s EFI
(Extensible Firmware
Interface)
• A defined standard
- Implemented by the
manufacturers
• Designed to replace the legacy
BIOS
- Need a modern BIOS for
modern computers

7. UEEFI advantages
• Boot from large (>2.2 TB)
GUID partition table (GPT) disks
-Also supports FAT and removable media
• Includes a pre-boot environment
-This isn’t an Operating System
-Has its own shell, drivers, and applications
-Browse the Internet, backup a storage drive
-Remote diagnostics, even without an OS

8. Non-volatile BIOS memory
• Store the BIOS configuration
-Your settings
• Complementary metal-oxide
semiconductor (CMOS)
-A type of memory
-May be backed up with a battery
• Usually flash memory these days
-Easily stored and accessed

9. The “CMOS” battery
• Not needed for today’s flash-based
storage
-Maintains older BIOS configurations
-May only be used to maintain date/time
• A bad battery will require a BIOS
configuration on every boot

10. How to get into BIOS setting?
(Legacy / UEFI)

11. • Launching the system Setup
Secret Button(s)
Esc, F1 ,F2, del e.t.c
• Microsoft Virtual PC (Win 7 ), Hyper-v ( Win 8 )
-https://www.Microsoft.com/hyper-v
-https://support.Microsoft.com/en-us/kb/958559
• Vmware Workstation Player
-http://www.vmware.com/products/player
• But not Virtual Box
-http://www.virtualbox.org

12. Configuration component information
• RAM
-View and configure
memory settings
• Hard drive / SSD
-Drive Settings
• Optical Drive
-Enable / Disable
• CPU
-CPU types

13. More features of BIOS
• Built-in diagnostics:
-Part of BIOS –Always
available
• Runs from the BIOS menu
-no additional media or
software required
• Focused on hardware checks
-Doesn’t touch the operating
system

14. UEFI BIOS

18. BIOS Security

19. BIOS password
• BIOS Password / User Password
-System won’t start
-Need the password to start the
operating system
• Supervisor Password
-Restricts BIOS changes
-Must use supervisor password to
change any BIOS Configurations

20. Full disk encryption
• Everything is encrypted
-Not just individual files
• Windows BitLocker disk encryption
-BIOS integrates with TPM
• TPM – Trusted Platform Module
-Can be added to the motherboard
-Built into some systems
-Adds advanced cryptographic functions

21. LoJack for Laptops
• Originally Called CompuTrace
• Built into the BIOS
-Software installed into the OS
-Reinstalls itself if removed or
new storage drive installed
• “Phone home” function
- Provides location information
• Theft mode
-Remotely lock the laptop
and/or delete files
-Forces a start-up password

22. Secure Boot
• Malicious software can “own” your system
-Malicious drivers or OS software's
• Secure Boot
-Part of the UEFI specification
• Digitally sign known-good software
-cryptographically secure
-Software won’t run without the proper signature
• Supports in many different Operating Systems
-Windows 8,8.1,10, Windows Server 2012 and 2012 R2
-Linux Fedora, Open SUSE, Ubuntu

23. Advantages of UEFI over BIOS
• Support for HDD partitions larger than 2TB
• Supports more than 4 partitions on a drive
• Fast Booting
• Efficient Power and System Management
• Robust Reliability and fault management
• Backward compatibility
• Mimics BIOS – Legacy Mode

24. How to update your BIOS?
• Step 1: Identify your motherboard.
• Step 2: Visit your motherboard's website.
• Step 3: Download the latest BIOS (uefi)
• Step 4: Use your USB stick.
• Step 5: Reboot and enter your BIOS (UEFI)
• Step 6: Execute the BIOS update.