The inner planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are described. Mercury is about 40% the size of Earth, has almost no atmosphere, and has long days and years compared to Earth. Venus is similar in size to Earth but has a dense carbon dioxide atmosphere and intense heat due to greenhouse gases. Mars is about 3/4 the size of Earth, has an iron oxide surface that makes it appear red, may have once supported liquid water, and has the moons Phobos and Deimos.