The document provides a historical overview of developments in advertising and marketing from the late 19th century to the 2000s. It traces the evolution of key debates around hard vs soft sell approaches. It also highlights major innovations and changes in the field over time, such as the rise of mass marketing in the 1900-1940 period, the emergence of integrated marketing communications in the 1950s-1960s, and the adoption of relationship marketing, viral marketing, and the emphasis on brand and emotion from the 1980s onward. The document serves as a useful timeline of the changing philosophies, practices, and technologies that have shaped the advertising and marketing industries over the past century.
1. Advertising has historically developed from early signs and town criers announcing products, to the invention of printing allowing mass printed advertisements in newspapers and magazines.
2. Radio advertising emerged in the 1920s, with the first paid radio commercial in 1922, and sponsorship of whole radio programs growing in popularity in the 1940s.
3. Television became a revolutionary new advertising medium in the 1940s, being the first audio-visual format and allowing advertisers to reach mass audiences.
4. Online advertising began in the 1990s with banner ads, and has since grown exponentially through social media, emails and other digital formats, allowing advertisers to easily reach broad global audiences.
Advertising has existed in various forms for thousands of years. Early forms included stenciled brick advertisements from Babylon, town criers in medieval times, and painted signs in ancient Rome and Egypt. The printing press was a major development, allowing mass production of flyers and posters. In the 19th century, the growth of newspapers, railroads, and telegraph networks facilitated nationwide advertising. The development of radio in the 1920s and television in the 1950s further expanded advertising's reach into consumers' lives. Advertising has become more scientific over time through audience research and testing to evaluate effectiveness.
Advertising began in newspapers in the 17th century, announcing new books and plays. The Industrial Revolution increased mass production, creating a need for manufacturers to advertise to new markets. New printing technologies made newspapers cheaper and more widespread, allowing advertisements to grow larger. Pears Soap pioneered image-based advertising using "fine art" to promote quality and simplicity. Early advertising agencies emerged to promote products to crowded marketplaces, using copywriting and branding like the Arrow Shirt Man. Advertising expanded through posters for causes and wartime propaganda, and television commercials launched in the 1940s, pioneering commercial breaks.
This document provides an introduction to advertising, including definitions, types, and key concepts. It defines advertising as paid persuasive communication that uses mass media to connect sponsors with target audiences. The main types of advertising discussed are brand advertising, retail/local advertising, political advertising, directory advertising, direct response advertising, business-to-business advertising, institutional advertising, public service advertising, and interactive advertising. The document also covers the role of advertising in marketing, key players in advertising like media and audiences, the need for advertising effectiveness, and key concepts like advertising strategy, creativity, and creative media use.
This chapter discusses different types of copywriting for advertising. It covers writing for print, radio, television, and the web. For each medium, it outlines key elements to focus on such as headlines, body copy, scripts, and storyboards. It emphasizes keeping messages simple, focused, and memorable within the constraints of each format. The chapter also briefly touches on global copywriting and translating advertising appeals effectively across cultures.
The document provides an overview of the history of advertising from the 15th century to present day. It traces the evolution of advertising from early notices placed on church doors and in newspapers to the rise of mass media like magazines, radio, and television. Key developments discussed include the growth of advertising agencies, early campaigns using celebrities and sex appeal, the impact of wars and economic conditions, and the recent rise of digital advertising.
The document discusses various types of advertising and marketing. It defines key terms like advertisement, advertising, commercial, objectives of advertising. It describes different forms of advertising such as broadcast advertising, billboard advertising, online advertising, celebrity endorsements, and more. It also discusses the history and evolution of advertising over time from ancient tablets to modern digital methods. Advertising is explained as one part of an overall marketing strategy to promote products and services.
The evolution of the advertising industry.Heleen Mills
The document traces the evolution of the advertising industry from ancient times to the modern era. It began with early forms of advertising like newspaper advertisements for stolen horses in the 17th century. Major developments included the printing press enabling mass media, the industrial revolution increasing manufactured goods, and radio and television allowing mass broadcasting of advertisements. More recent changes involve the rise of digital media, globalization, and users gaining more control through social media and ability to avoid ads. The advertising industry has grown enormously in scale and changed its approaches over the centuries to remain effective at promoting products and brands.
1. Advertising has historically developed from early signs and town criers announcing products, to the invention of printing allowing mass printed advertisements in newspapers and magazines.
2. Radio advertising emerged in the 1920s, with the first paid radio commercial in 1922, and sponsorship of whole radio programs growing in popularity in the 1940s.
3. Television became a revolutionary new advertising medium in the 1940s, being the first audio-visual format and allowing advertisers to reach mass audiences.
4. Online advertising began in the 1990s with banner ads, and has since grown exponentially through social media, emails and other digital formats, allowing advertisers to easily reach broad global audiences.
Advertising has existed in various forms for thousands of years. Early forms included stenciled brick advertisements from Babylon, town criers in medieval times, and painted signs in ancient Rome and Egypt. The printing press was a major development, allowing mass production of flyers and posters. In the 19th century, the growth of newspapers, railroads, and telegraph networks facilitated nationwide advertising. The development of radio in the 1920s and television in the 1950s further expanded advertising's reach into consumers' lives. Advertising has become more scientific over time through audience research and testing to evaluate effectiveness.
Advertising began in newspapers in the 17th century, announcing new books and plays. The Industrial Revolution increased mass production, creating a need for manufacturers to advertise to new markets. New printing technologies made newspapers cheaper and more widespread, allowing advertisements to grow larger. Pears Soap pioneered image-based advertising using "fine art" to promote quality and simplicity. Early advertising agencies emerged to promote products to crowded marketplaces, using copywriting and branding like the Arrow Shirt Man. Advertising expanded through posters for causes and wartime propaganda, and television commercials launched in the 1940s, pioneering commercial breaks.
This document provides an introduction to advertising, including definitions, types, and key concepts. It defines advertising as paid persuasive communication that uses mass media to connect sponsors with target audiences. The main types of advertising discussed are brand advertising, retail/local advertising, political advertising, directory advertising, direct response advertising, business-to-business advertising, institutional advertising, public service advertising, and interactive advertising. The document also covers the role of advertising in marketing, key players in advertising like media and audiences, the need for advertising effectiveness, and key concepts like advertising strategy, creativity, and creative media use.
This chapter discusses different types of copywriting for advertising. It covers writing for print, radio, television, and the web. For each medium, it outlines key elements to focus on such as headlines, body copy, scripts, and storyboards. It emphasizes keeping messages simple, focused, and memorable within the constraints of each format. The chapter also briefly touches on global copywriting and translating advertising appeals effectively across cultures.
The document provides an overview of the history of advertising from the 15th century to present day. It traces the evolution of advertising from early notices placed on church doors and in newspapers to the rise of mass media like magazines, radio, and television. Key developments discussed include the growth of advertising agencies, early campaigns using celebrities and sex appeal, the impact of wars and economic conditions, and the recent rise of digital advertising.
The document discusses various types of advertising and marketing. It defines key terms like advertisement, advertising, commercial, objectives of advertising. It describes different forms of advertising such as broadcast advertising, billboard advertising, online advertising, celebrity endorsements, and more. It also discusses the history and evolution of advertising over time from ancient tablets to modern digital methods. Advertising is explained as one part of an overall marketing strategy to promote products and services.
The evolution of the advertising industry.Heleen Mills
The document traces the evolution of the advertising industry from ancient times to the modern era. It began with early forms of advertising like newspaper advertisements for stolen horses in the 17th century. Major developments included the printing press enabling mass media, the industrial revolution increasing manufactured goods, and radio and television allowing mass broadcasting of advertisements. More recent changes involve the rise of digital media, globalization, and users gaining more control through social media and ability to avoid ads. The advertising industry has grown enormously in scale and changed its approaches over the centuries to remain effective at promoting products and brands.
This document discusses fundamentals of advertising and objectives of key advertising organizations. It provides an overview of the Advertising Agencies Association of India (AAAI), which is the national organization of ad agencies in India formed in 1945. It outlines AAAI's objectives to benefit consumers, advertisers, and media. The document also discusses the Association of National Advertisers (ANA) in the US, which represents the marketing community and was founded in 1910. The ANA's objectives are outlined as well as its #SeeHer campaign to increase accurate portrayals of women in advertising.
Advertising in India has evolved significantly over time. It began as a way to simply inform the public but grew to persuade people to buy products and services. Early advertising relied on print media like newspapers. Major events in the early 20th century like the Swadeshi movement and installation of printing presses helped advertising grow. Over the decades, advertising expanded its services and became more professionalized with the establishment of groups like the Advertising Agency Association of India. New media in recent decades, especially television and the internet, have accelerated growth and transformed the Indian advertising landscape.
Advertising copy refers to all elements of an advertising message including print elements like headings, pictures, slogans, and body text as well as elements in television like motion, sound, illustrations and camera cues. Copy writing includes the headline, which aims to attract attention and communicate key selling points, the subhead which provides more information, and the body copy which tells the brand story. Guidelines for writing effective copy include limiting headlines to 6-8 words, including the brand name, using familiar language, and writing body copy that uses active verbs and varies sentence length.
Functions of advertising and Objectives of advertising Rajlaxmi Bhosale
Social Functions,Psychological Functions,Economic Functions.INFORMING
PERSUADING
REMINDING
ADDING VALUE
Distinguish from the competitors
Product expansion-brand extension
Encourage loyalty
Reduce cost
HELP IN BRANDING
Previewing New Trends Previews, Create Demand,PRICING
Broadcasting was expected to contribute to national integration and development in India, but the government was reluctant to invest in television due to financial constraints. Television was introduced experimentally in 1959 to prove its value for development, initially airing just a few hours per week with educational and social programming. The Satellite Instructional Television Experiment from 1975-1976 marked the beginning of innovative educational television programs via satellite and helped establish Doordarshan as the national public broadcaster.
The document discusses advertising layout and its purpose and components. It defines layout as the overall structure and arrangement of advertising elements like headlines, images, text, etc. The goal is to effectively present these elements to maximize viewer attention. It then lists and explains the various components that make up an ad layout as well as different format styles. Finally, it outlines the steps involved in designing layouts, from initial thumbnail sketches to final approvals.
The document provides a history of marketing and advertising from 1900 to the present day. It discusses the early debates between "hard sell" and "soft sell" approaches. It then outlines the major developments and innovations in each decade, including the rise of branding, positioning, integrated marketing, and the shift to digital and social media. The document references several important books, articles, and thought leaders that helped shape the evolution of the field.
The ASCI is a self-regulatory organization established in 1985 to ensure advertising in India is truthful, harmless and honest. It receives around 150 complaints annually which are reviewed by the Consumer Complaints Council. The CCC is composed of industry and public representatives and examines complaints to determine if ads violate ASCI guidelines. Several case studies are presented where the CCC ruled in favor of both complainants and advertisers. Self-regulation is advocated to avoid more stringent government oversight of advertising.
This document provides an introduction to advertising. It defines advertising as paid communication through mass media to connect an identified sponsor with a target audience. The five basic components of advertising are that it is paid, identifies a sponsor, tries to persuade, reaches a large audience, and is conveyed through mass media. Advertising has the functions of informing, persuading, and reminding audiences while building brand awareness, creating images, and providing incentives. The document traces the history of advertising from ancient times to modern radio and television and outlines key concepts like strategy, creative ideas, execution, and use of media channels. It also discusses the roles of advertising in marketing, communication, the economy, and society.
The document discusses advertising from social, economic, and ethical perspectives. It covers topics like the impact of advertising on society and culture, effects on consumer choice and competition, and regulatory aspects. The presentation is intended solely for classroom teaching purposes and any use without permission is prohibited. Illustrations are also subject to copyright restrictions.
Public relations has existed in some form for thousands of years, dating back to ancient civilizations trying to manage public opinion and perceptions of their rulers. While the term "public relations" was coined more recently, the fundamental elements of informing people, persuading people, and integrating people have long been practiced. The document then outlines several key eras in the development of public relations as a field from the 19th century onward, provides definitions of public relations, and discusses ancient and historical examples of public communications and relationship management that can be considered early forms of public relations.
Television has evolved over many decades through contributions from numerous inventors. Early mechanical television used arrays of rods to transmit moving images [John Logie Baird 1920]. Electronic television was developed using cathode ray tubes, with Vladimir Kosma Zworykin and Philo T. Farnsworth inventing key components like the electron gun and phosphorescent screen [1925, 1939]. Modern LCD TVs use liquid crystals that are broken into pixels between electrodes to generate images interactively.
Cross media ownership refers to large media companies owning properties across multiple channels like TV, film, magazines and news. Since the 1980s, media companies have merged and consolidated due to changing economic and technological conditions. This has led to fewer but larger media producers that can leverage resources across their different properties. While this allows for reduced costs, wider distribution and business security, it also concentrates media power in fewer hands and raises issues around privacy, information control and loss of individual media text branding.
This document provides a history of public relations from Julius Caesar in 50 BC to Edward Bernays in the 1920s. It describes how political and business figures throughout history have used various public relations and propaganda techniques to influence public opinion and convince people to support them or take certain actions. Key figures mentioned who helped establish and professionalize the field include Ivy Lee, who advised transparency and good deeds, and Edward Bernays, who established principles of interpreting organizations to the public and vice versa and promoting new ideas and social progress.
Presentation on television advertisementsPriya Singh
Television advertising began in 1941 with a Bulova watch commercial and has since grown to a $175.4 billion global industry in 2016. Television accounts for 38% of total advertising spending and is the second fastest growing market in Asia. Effective TV ads utilize various forms like animation, documentaries, and testimonials to reach large audiences through mass coverage and sensory appeals. Strategic use of elements like camera angles, music, and editing help TV ads connect with viewers.
Advertising agencies are service businesses that help clients promote their products and services. They develop advertising campaigns by creating promotional materials, booking ad space and time, conducting research, and more. Common agency functions include account planning, marketing and market research, creative design, and securing ad placements. Agencies work to understand client goals and target audiences in order to represent brands positively and boost things like sales, brand awareness, and new customer acquisition. Major global agencies include Ogilvy & Mather, JWT, Mudra Communication, FCB Ulka, and Grey Worldwide.
An advertising campaign involves a series of ads placed across various media to meet specific objectives. Planning an advertising campaign involves several essential steps: defining the target market through research, setting objectives, determining the budget, selecting appropriate media and creative strategies, creating and pre-testing ads, and then evaluating the results through post-testing. Key considerations for an effective campaign include identifying the problem, pre-testing with audiences, selecting the right media, developing compelling visuals and copy, and determining the proper timing and duration.
Timeless Marketing Wisdom From David OgilvyHubSpot
This document provides timeless marketing advice from David Ogilvy, the Father of Advertising. It shares several of his insightful quotes on topics like writing advertising copy in plain language, testing advertisements, hiring the best people, and aiming for remarkable work. The quotes encourage marketers to write honestly and persuasively, use consumer research, continuously improve through testing, and hire people who are more talented than themselves.
The document discusses Ogilvy & Mather, a large global advertising agency. It provides an overview of Ogilvy's history, founding in 1948, growth to over 8,000 employees worldwide, and work with major clients like Coke, Ford, and Unilever. The agency focuses on superior client service and employee training. It has expanded globally through acquisitions and new offices, with subsidiaries covering different advertising areas. Ogilvy is known for memorable campaigns like the iconic "Rolls Royce" ad and continues growing its operations internationally.
This document discusses fundamentals of advertising and objectives of key advertising organizations. It provides an overview of the Advertising Agencies Association of India (AAAI), which is the national organization of ad agencies in India formed in 1945. It outlines AAAI's objectives to benefit consumers, advertisers, and media. The document also discusses the Association of National Advertisers (ANA) in the US, which represents the marketing community and was founded in 1910. The ANA's objectives are outlined as well as its #SeeHer campaign to increase accurate portrayals of women in advertising.
Advertising in India has evolved significantly over time. It began as a way to simply inform the public but grew to persuade people to buy products and services. Early advertising relied on print media like newspapers. Major events in the early 20th century like the Swadeshi movement and installation of printing presses helped advertising grow. Over the decades, advertising expanded its services and became more professionalized with the establishment of groups like the Advertising Agency Association of India. New media in recent decades, especially television and the internet, have accelerated growth and transformed the Indian advertising landscape.
Advertising copy refers to all elements of an advertising message including print elements like headings, pictures, slogans, and body text as well as elements in television like motion, sound, illustrations and camera cues. Copy writing includes the headline, which aims to attract attention and communicate key selling points, the subhead which provides more information, and the body copy which tells the brand story. Guidelines for writing effective copy include limiting headlines to 6-8 words, including the brand name, using familiar language, and writing body copy that uses active verbs and varies sentence length.
Functions of advertising and Objectives of advertising Rajlaxmi Bhosale
Social Functions,Psychological Functions,Economic Functions.INFORMING
PERSUADING
REMINDING
ADDING VALUE
Distinguish from the competitors
Product expansion-brand extension
Encourage loyalty
Reduce cost
HELP IN BRANDING
Previewing New Trends Previews, Create Demand,PRICING
Broadcasting was expected to contribute to national integration and development in India, but the government was reluctant to invest in television due to financial constraints. Television was introduced experimentally in 1959 to prove its value for development, initially airing just a few hours per week with educational and social programming. The Satellite Instructional Television Experiment from 1975-1976 marked the beginning of innovative educational television programs via satellite and helped establish Doordarshan as the national public broadcaster.
The document discusses advertising layout and its purpose and components. It defines layout as the overall structure and arrangement of advertising elements like headlines, images, text, etc. The goal is to effectively present these elements to maximize viewer attention. It then lists and explains the various components that make up an ad layout as well as different format styles. Finally, it outlines the steps involved in designing layouts, from initial thumbnail sketches to final approvals.
The document provides a history of marketing and advertising from 1900 to the present day. It discusses the early debates between "hard sell" and "soft sell" approaches. It then outlines the major developments and innovations in each decade, including the rise of branding, positioning, integrated marketing, and the shift to digital and social media. The document references several important books, articles, and thought leaders that helped shape the evolution of the field.
The ASCI is a self-regulatory organization established in 1985 to ensure advertising in India is truthful, harmless and honest. It receives around 150 complaints annually which are reviewed by the Consumer Complaints Council. The CCC is composed of industry and public representatives and examines complaints to determine if ads violate ASCI guidelines. Several case studies are presented where the CCC ruled in favor of both complainants and advertisers. Self-regulation is advocated to avoid more stringent government oversight of advertising.
This document provides an introduction to advertising. It defines advertising as paid communication through mass media to connect an identified sponsor with a target audience. The five basic components of advertising are that it is paid, identifies a sponsor, tries to persuade, reaches a large audience, and is conveyed through mass media. Advertising has the functions of informing, persuading, and reminding audiences while building brand awareness, creating images, and providing incentives. The document traces the history of advertising from ancient times to modern radio and television and outlines key concepts like strategy, creative ideas, execution, and use of media channels. It also discusses the roles of advertising in marketing, communication, the economy, and society.
The document discusses advertising from social, economic, and ethical perspectives. It covers topics like the impact of advertising on society and culture, effects on consumer choice and competition, and regulatory aspects. The presentation is intended solely for classroom teaching purposes and any use without permission is prohibited. Illustrations are also subject to copyright restrictions.
Public relations has existed in some form for thousands of years, dating back to ancient civilizations trying to manage public opinion and perceptions of their rulers. While the term "public relations" was coined more recently, the fundamental elements of informing people, persuading people, and integrating people have long been practiced. The document then outlines several key eras in the development of public relations as a field from the 19th century onward, provides definitions of public relations, and discusses ancient and historical examples of public communications and relationship management that can be considered early forms of public relations.
Television has evolved over many decades through contributions from numerous inventors. Early mechanical television used arrays of rods to transmit moving images [John Logie Baird 1920]. Electronic television was developed using cathode ray tubes, with Vladimir Kosma Zworykin and Philo T. Farnsworth inventing key components like the electron gun and phosphorescent screen [1925, 1939]. Modern LCD TVs use liquid crystals that are broken into pixels between electrodes to generate images interactively.
Cross media ownership refers to large media companies owning properties across multiple channels like TV, film, magazines and news. Since the 1980s, media companies have merged and consolidated due to changing economic and technological conditions. This has led to fewer but larger media producers that can leverage resources across their different properties. While this allows for reduced costs, wider distribution and business security, it also concentrates media power in fewer hands and raises issues around privacy, information control and loss of individual media text branding.
This document provides a history of public relations from Julius Caesar in 50 BC to Edward Bernays in the 1920s. It describes how political and business figures throughout history have used various public relations and propaganda techniques to influence public opinion and convince people to support them or take certain actions. Key figures mentioned who helped establish and professionalize the field include Ivy Lee, who advised transparency and good deeds, and Edward Bernays, who established principles of interpreting organizations to the public and vice versa and promoting new ideas and social progress.
Presentation on television advertisementsPriya Singh
Television advertising began in 1941 with a Bulova watch commercial and has since grown to a $175.4 billion global industry in 2016. Television accounts for 38% of total advertising spending and is the second fastest growing market in Asia. Effective TV ads utilize various forms like animation, documentaries, and testimonials to reach large audiences through mass coverage and sensory appeals. Strategic use of elements like camera angles, music, and editing help TV ads connect with viewers.
Advertising agencies are service businesses that help clients promote their products and services. They develop advertising campaigns by creating promotional materials, booking ad space and time, conducting research, and more. Common agency functions include account planning, marketing and market research, creative design, and securing ad placements. Agencies work to understand client goals and target audiences in order to represent brands positively and boost things like sales, brand awareness, and new customer acquisition. Major global agencies include Ogilvy & Mather, JWT, Mudra Communication, FCB Ulka, and Grey Worldwide.
An advertising campaign involves a series of ads placed across various media to meet specific objectives. Planning an advertising campaign involves several essential steps: defining the target market through research, setting objectives, determining the budget, selecting appropriate media and creative strategies, creating and pre-testing ads, and then evaluating the results through post-testing. Key considerations for an effective campaign include identifying the problem, pre-testing with audiences, selecting the right media, developing compelling visuals and copy, and determining the proper timing and duration.
Timeless Marketing Wisdom From David OgilvyHubSpot
This document provides timeless marketing advice from David Ogilvy, the Father of Advertising. It shares several of his insightful quotes on topics like writing advertising copy in plain language, testing advertisements, hiring the best people, and aiming for remarkable work. The quotes encourage marketers to write honestly and persuasively, use consumer research, continuously improve through testing, and hire people who are more talented than themselves.
The document discusses Ogilvy & Mather, a large global advertising agency. It provides an overview of Ogilvy's history, founding in 1948, growth to over 8,000 employees worldwide, and work with major clients like Coke, Ford, and Unilever. The agency focuses on superior client service and employee training. It has expanded globally through acquisitions and new offices, with subsidiaries covering different advertising areas. Ogilvy is known for memorable campaigns like the iconic "Rolls Royce" ad and continues growing its operations internationally.
Ogilvy and Mather is a large global advertising agency founded in 1948 that operates 497 offices in 125 countries. It helps build recognizable brands and is led by CEO Miles Young and other top executives. The agency focuses on 360-degree brand stewardship through discovery, strategy, and execution. It has diversified into areas like public relations, digital and interactive marketing, and Islamic branding. Ogilvy aims to transition to producing content and collaborating more closely with consumers through co-creation, thought leadership, and digital marketing.
Ogilvy & Mather is an international advertising, marketing and public relations agency based in Manhattan, and is a WPP company. It operates 450 offices in 161 cities of 120 countries worldwide with approximately 18,000 employees.
This document provides information about the advertising agency Ogilvy, including its history, background, services offered, and operations in India. It was founded in 1948 by David Ogilvy in New York City and has since expanded to over 400 offices worldwide. Ogilvy is known for its emphasis on quality, creativity, and brand-building in its advertising campaigns. The document discusses Ogilvy's focus areas, clients, strengths, and recommendations to further improve its business in India.
Advertising is defined as paid non-personal communication using broadcast, print, or interactive media across international borders to promote a product or service. In the past, early forms of advertising by rulers were limited in reach, produced noise, and took a long time. RK Swamy is considered the father of Indian advertising for establishing one of the top 10 advertising agencies in India in the 1970s in Chennai. The top 10 global advertising agency brands are primarily based in New York and include McCann-Erickson, BBDO Worldwide, J. Walter Thompson Co., and Ogilvy & Mather Worldwide. Trends in modern advertising focus on gaining attention, creative messaging, measurement of effectiveness, and new advertising platforms
Ogilvy & Mather is one of the largest advertising agencies in the world, founded in 1948 by David Ogilvy. It operates over 500 offices globally with 16,000 employees helping build recognizable brands. Major milestones include its first big campaign in 1951 and going public in 1966. The agency focuses on brand stewardship through discovery of brand essence, strategic planning, and integrated execution across marketing channels. It has diversified into areas like PR, digital marketing, and Islamic branding. Future plans include becoming a content producer through co-creation and digital transformation to remain a leader in the evolving advertising industry.
Advertising Industry Analysis + Ogilvy And Mather Reportvinod singh
Strategic analsyis on Advertising Industry. Ogilvy And Mather Presence in industry.pestle analysis of advertising industry. porter five forces for advertising industry. Future strategies for Ogilvy and Mather Worldwide. Internal analysis of Ogilvy And Mather.
On September 7th, 1982, legendary 'Mad Man' David Ogilvy sent an internal memo to all agency employees, titled “How to Write”. Here are 10 hints to help how to write.
This document summarizes the history of advertising from the first handbill advertisement in England in 1477 to the growth of cable television as an advertising medium in the 1980s. Some key developments include the first English newspaper advertisement in 1704, the growth of magazines as a national advertising vehicle in the late 1800s, and radio and television replacing magazines and replacing radio as the main advertising medium throughout the 20th century.
This document provides contact information for a creative agency called Uniquest including their email, social media profiles on Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube and Twitter, and website.
The document provides an overview of advertising and advertising management. It begins with a brief history of advertising from older forms like trademarks, signs, and town criers to modern advertising. It then defines advertising as any paid non-personal promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor. Advertising management is described as the planning, execution, control, and monitoring of advertising campaigns. The document outlines the advertising management process and discusses objectives, roles, and impacts of advertising. It also explores various media options and their advantages and disadvantages.
Where to start when creating a digital marketing plan - 2016Zeeland Family
Presentation to Aalto University students in Masters in Global Marketing Management program. Aim to give them the basis to for the digital marketing plan they need to create as part of the program.
NaviGo is a wireless haptic device for people with visual disabilities, worn as an armband and accompanied by an earpiece with a . We produced a 3D prototype of the same and presented a package that would include a CD containing audio and video instructions.
BBH was founded in 1982 in London by John Hegarty and Nigel Bogle. It has since expanded to 6 offices worldwide with 928 employees and $1.5 billion in billings. BBH is owned by Publicis, a large advertising conglomerate, which acquired a minority stake in 1999. BBH works with global clients across industries and differentiates itself through its connected global network and award-winning creative work.
Digital culture has changed advertising and marketing. While the term "advertising" still refers to paid announcements to promote products and services, digital culture values that are more democratic, open, fast-moving, playful, and accountable. For brands to stay relevant, they need to participate in digital culture by being more human, having conversations, taking stances, and focusing more on meaning than just consumption. The best brands entertain, provoke thought, are useful and flexible, and move at the pace of digital culture.
Never write an advertisement that you wouldn't want your family to read. Advertisers were advised to avoid telling lies and to consider how their messages may affect others. During the early 20th century, there was debate between "killers" who prioritized direct sales and "poets" who emphasized creativity. Later, the importance of providing reasons to buy a product became clear. Marketers had to find new ways to attract attention as copywriting evolved.
The document discusses the history of advertising from 1900 to the present. It traces the debate between "hard sell" and "soft sell" approaches dating back to 1902. Key developments include the rise of branding in the 1920s, the growth of television advertising in the 1940s and 1950s, and the emergence of integrated marketing and relationship marketing in the late 20th century. The text also examines the evolution of advertising strategies and techniques over time to keep up with changing consumer and cultural trends.
The document discusses the evolution of marketing and advertising from the late 19th century to the early 21st century. It touches on key events, theories, and practitioners that helped shape the field over time, from the rise of advertising agencies and marketing courses in universities in the early 1900s to more modern concepts like branding, positioning, integrated marketing, and the shift to digital/social media. The document provides historical context through numerous brief quotes and references to further illustrate important developments and debates within the industry at different points over the past century.
The document provides a history of marketing and advertising from 1900 to the present day. It discusses the early debates between "hard sell" and "soft sell" approaches. It then outlines the major developments and innovations in each decade, including the rise of branding, positioning, integrated marketing, and the shift to digital and social media. The document references various books, articles, and thought leaders that helped shape the evolution of the marketing field over the past century.
Communication strategy lessons @ Panteion University (Dept. of Communication, Media & Culture).
This is my first one, a prologue to advertising history.
06/03/2012
http://1story.tumblr.com/
The document discusses the history and evolution of advertising, from early print ads to modern digital formats. It notes some key events like the first TV ad broadcast in 1955 and rise of internet ads in the 2000s. The document also examines changing consumer behaviors and challenges for advertisers, such as people skipping TV ads or ignoring pop-ups online. Finally, it briefly outlines the top 20 advertising agencies currently operating in India.
This is a presentation I gave Nov 29 at the Marketing3 conference at Media Plaza in the Netherlands. A big thank you to Lynette Webb who's visual posts and pictures have provided inspiration for quite a few of the slides.
The document summarizes key insights from the book "Advertising Works and How Winning Communications Strategies For Business". It discusses how advertising has proven its effectiveness over 25 years by highlighting award-winning campaigns. It provides case studies of campaigns that successfully launched new products, revitalized brands, defied commoditization, added value to brands, oriented organizations, and influenced market sizes. The value of creative ideas, media strategies, and understanding consumers is emphasized.
Julie roehm | Inspiring the next generation of storytellersJulieRoehm
The document discusses the history and importance of storytelling. It notes that storytelling has been used in various forms such as cave paintings, oral traditions, literature, films, radio, television and the internet to inspire people and influence markets. In today's digital world, meaningful one-to-one conversations through storytelling are important for businesses to break through clutter and enable customers to achieve their goals. The document encourages everyone to share their personal stories using various modern tools and platforms.
This document provides an overview of the history and types of advertising. It discusses how advertising has evolved from ancient wall paintings to modern digital formats. Key figures like David Ogilvy, known as the "Father of Advertising", and definitions of advertising are covered. The different mediums of advertising like print, television, radio and online are defined. Examples of iconic advertisements from various countries and industries are shown along with a discussion of major global advertising agencies. In conclusion, the document emphasizes how advertising has become crucial to marketing by building brands and creating product awareness.
Julie Roehm | The next generation of storytellersJulieRoehm
In this presentation given to the first class of students at BTech in Queens, NY, the history of storytelling is outlined and it's importance to brands in digital age made clear. Presented by Julie Roehm in 2014. Videos and other rich media have been removed to make for a smaller file size.
The document discusses various examples of advertising and public relations campaigns that aimed to influence public opinion through emotional appeals and sometimes controversial imagery:
- Advertisements have long used sex to sell products, though some campaigns like the 2004 Brook Shields ad were condemned as "soft porn" and irresponsible.
- Benetton's ads in the 1980s-90s featured disturbing images related to social issues like racism and AIDS, generating controversy but also increased sales.
- Propaganda techniques developed during wartime have been adopted by advertisers, as imagery can change attitudes according to communication theorists cited in the document.
- New forms of digital marketing now allow brands to place products ubiquitously in media through techniques like product placement
Rick Webb, writer, entrepreneur and investor, gave this presentation at "Ambidexterity," the VCU Brandcenter's executive education program for account planning, on July 19th, 2013 at the VCU Brandcenter in Richmond.
This presentation takes a closer look at what ad agencies consider “good” advertising, how they interpret “concept,” and why the web designer's notion of “proof of concept” is completely nonsensical in the world of advertising. I examine some successful campaigns and some award-winning campaigns -- these are not necessarily the same thing -- and explain why these are admired by so-called “creatives” at ad agencies. I also explore why advertising creatives despise web types in general and usability folks in particular. You’ll discover why stuff that “works” on screen doesn’t work in print ads -- and vice versa. And I dispel some of the popular myths about advertising, such as “all advertising is good advertising.”
The document discusses 10 paradoxes of interactive media based on a presentation by Professor Eric Bradlow. Each paradox is summarized in 3 sentences or less:
1. While data is abundant, simple theories often outperform complex data models.
2. Customer engagement metrics should be used carefully as many customers just want efficient transactions.
3. One-to-one marketing is difficult at scale as customers are unpredictable.
4. Differences between groups are often meaningless as all the variation is within groups.
5. Viral marketing works locally but has small global impact, better for concentrated markets.
6. Mass marketing is still effective with many channels, just harder to implement successfully.
7. The head
The document provides a summary of the key talks, trends, and winners from the 2019 Cannes Lions International Festival of Creativity. Some of the major themes included:
- Brands taking stands on social issues and challenging laws, with winners tackling topics like racism, immigration policies, and child slavery.
- Advertisers focusing on adding more humanity to their messaging by leveraging cultural conversations and partnerships.
- A push for more inclusion and diversity across gender, race, and ability in advertising content and the industry itself.
Why do people collect trading cards? Collectors often hope the pictures can inspire them to their field or find pleasure in seeing remarkable people and their achievements. To inspire you in your marketing, MarketingProfs put together a roster of 16 remarkable smarty pants who changed business.
Guerilla Marketing (Gerilla Pazarlama) by Nergis Tamer
David Ogilvy A History Of Advertising
1. “ Never write an advertisement
which you wouldn't want your family to
read.
You wouldn't tell lies to your own wife.
Don't tell them to mine.”
“ Never write an advertisement
which you wouldn't want your family to
read.
You wouldn't tell lies to your own wife.
Don't tell them to mine.”
6. The reason whyThe reason why
The writer of an unsigned 1902 editorial in
Printers' Ink spoke for the majority, noting:
"More attractive than fine pictures, more potent
than fine language, are the Why and Wherefore
of the goods-the Reasons.“
7. “Killers” and “Poets”“Killers” and “Poets”
Hard-sell advocates frequently criticized "poets"
for desiring personal recognition for their
creativity.
Conversely, soft-sell advocates often criticized
"killers" for their lack of creativity.
8. Copyman’s troubleCopyman’s trouble
1908, observations in Printers Ink:
"The modern 'copy man' has to say things in a
way that they have not been said before-
because that is the only kind of talk that will
nowadays attract attention."
9. A period of “experimental” discoveryA period of “experimental” discovery
• 1905: the University of Pennsylvania offered a
course in "The Marketing of Products"
• 1908: Harvard Business School opens
• 1908: Northwestern University opens its
School of Commerce, which will later become
the Kellogg School of Management, home to
influential marketing professor Philip Kotler
38. Rise of MadManRise of MadMan
Leo Burnett, identified two schools of strategic
thought in a Printers' Ink article:
1-Poster-style advertising
2-Reason-why advertising
39. Ultimate question continues…Ultimate question continues…
In the 1950s, a slim majority continued to argue
that advertising's role was to sell products
directly, with remarks similar to those of hard-
sell advocates from forty years earlier.
40. “Television is the triumph of machine over people.”“Television is the triumph of machine over people.”
41. The birthday of the bathroom break.The birthday of the bathroom break.
July 1, 1941, the first day the Federal
Communications Commission allowed TV
stations to switch from experimental to
commercial broadcasts. NBC New York affiliate
WNBT becomes the first of 22 FCC licensees to
air sponsored programming.
42. The birth of USPThe birth of USP
The president of N.W. Ayer and Son observed in
1941 that advertising "cannot create a single
point of superiority in a product or add a single
virtue to its manufacturer. What advertising can
do is to speed up the process of getting a good
product well and favorably known."
43. Hierarchy of needsHierarchy of needs
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs model was
developed between 1943-1954, and first widely
published in Motivation and Personality in 1954.
At this time the Hierarchy of Needs model
comprised five needs. Maslow's most popular
book is Toward a Psychology of Being (1968), in
which more layers were added.
65. Rise of cynicismRise of cynicism
“What is the difference between unethical and ethical
advertising? Unethical advertising uses falsehoods to deceive
the public; ethical advertising uses truth to deceive the
public. ” Vilhjalmur Stefansson, 1964
66. First trialFirst trial
In 1968, a creative team at BBDO, New York, slips some marbles
into a bowl of Campbell's vegetable soup to keep the vegetables
from sinking to the bottom. This seemingly innocent effort
sparks a Federal Trade Commission probe and becomes the
basis for the FTC's efforts to eliminate false ads with a practice
that allows it to demand "corrective advertising" from an
advertiser that has made a false claim.
90. “The battle is in the consumers mind”“The battle is in the consumers mind”
91. A new approach: PositioningA new approach: Positioning
Beginning in 1969 two young marketing guys,
Jack Trout and Al Ries, wrote, spoke and
disseminated to the advertising and PR world
about a new concept in communications called
positioning.
92. Brand image?Brand image?
Lee Clow, in 1971: "Why isn't the persona of the
brand considered a real difference? Is it because
it's too esoteric?"
93. Mystique?Mystique?
As one wrote in 1971, "Research not only takes
some of the mystique out of agency creative
departments, it also gives the client more direct
control over creative people."
106. Emotion is the king!Emotion is the king!
Edward de Bono (1985)
He noted: "Emotions are an essential part of our
thinking ability and not just something extra
that mucks up our thinking"
107. Invention of ROIInvention of ROI
"I know that half of my advertising budget is
wasted, but I'm not sure which half.“
John
Wanamaker
108. Differentiate or dieDifferentiate or die
Hal Riney, a creative director for the BBDO
agency during the "creative revolution" of the
1960s, stated this point very clearly in 1982:
'"Most of the time,' he says, 'the facts haven't
done me a lot of good. It seems there's
someone already using the same ones'"
109. Emergence of relationship marketingEmergence of relationship marketing
• CRM
• Customer value
• Brand loyalty
• Long term brand investment
124. Brand is the kingBrand is the king
1993 The Brand Asset Valuator of advertising
agency Young & Rubicam measures Brand Value
by applying four broad factors.
125. Integrated effortsIntegrated efforts
Mark Tungate, the Paris-based author of
Fashion Brands: Branding Style From Armani to
Zara.
"Advertisers today can be more subtle
because they are safe in the knowledge that a
single image does not have to stand alone. The
Web site and the store are equally parts of the
brand experience. "
126. Long live consumerismLong live consumerism
“It is our job to make women unhappy with
what they have. ”
B. Earl Puckett, 1992
154. And the era of “dialogue”…And the era of “dialogue”…
155. Who is Generation Y?Who is Generation Y?
• 76 million people born between 1978 – 2000
• Millienials, Net Generation, Echo Boomers, Google
Generation, iGeneration
• Ongoing debate about where to begin and end a
generation.
158. perception
80% of CEO’s believe of
believe their brand provides a
superior customer experience
8 % of their customers agree
(Bain & Company)
FUTURELAB
159. 76% of consumers don’t believe that
companies tell the truth in advertisements
Yankelowich,2006
FUTURELAB
IAMTHEMEDIA
182. “I have always believed that writing advertisements is
the second most profitable form of writing. The first,
of course, is ransom notes...”
Philip Dusenberry
183. ReferencesReferences
Articles:
• Title: Hard-Sell "Killers" and Soft-Sell "Poets": Modern Advertising's Enduring Message Strategy Debate
Date: 10/1/2004; Publication: Journalism History; Author: Beard, Fred K
• Title: The biggest moments in the last 75 years of advertising history.
Date: 3/28/2005; Publication: Advertising Age;
• Title: Ad Ages 50 years of image-making; evolving from the rational pitch to glossy lifestyle campaigns,
men's fashion advertising over the past half-century is a window on culture and society.
Date: 4/24/2006; Publication: Daily News Record; Author: Lipke, David
Books:
• The Hidden Persuaders by Vance Packard and Mark Crispin Miller
• American Social Classes in the 1950s: Selections from Vance Packard's The Status Seekers (The Bedford Series in Hi
by Vance Packard and Daniel Horowitz
• The Origin of Brands by Al/ Ries, Laura Ries
• Positioning: The Battle for Your Mind, 20th Anniversary Edition by Al Ries and Jack Trout
• Big Brands Big Trouble: Lessons Learned the Hard Way by Jack Trout
184. ReferencesReferences
Websites
• http://www.wk.com/#/clients/15/
• http://www.advertisingarchives.co.uk/gallery_1900s.php
• http://graphic-design.tjs-labs.com/gallery-view?span=15&start=30
• http://adage.com/century/timeline/index.html
• http://www.rareads.com/rareads/webauto.html
• http://donttellmymum.com/2008/10/23/10-pieces-of-content-that-define-todays-marketing-reality/
• http://adage.com/century/campaigns.html
• http://www.logoorange.com/logodesign-A.php
• http://www.adclassix.com/sitemap.htm#1900
• http://www.toxel.com/inspiration/2008/06/28/24-unforgettable-advertisements/
Presentations
• Whats next in Marketing Paul Isakson
http://www.slideshare.net/paulisakson/whats-next-in-marketing-advertising-318143:
• Futurelab I am the media http://www.slideshare.net/alainthys/i-am-the-media
• Kameran Ahari Creating Buz http://gotastrategy.typepad.com
1914
I Dünya savaşı başladı.
1918
I Dünya savaşı bitti.
1922
Mussolini, başbakan oldu.
Albert Einstein Nobel Fizik Ödülü'nü kazandı.
1923
Adolf Hitler'in yapmak istediği darbe engellendi ve Hitler tutuklandı.
1925
Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf'ı (Kavgam) yayımladı.
Pilsoudski, Polonya'da darbe yaptı. Portekiz Cumhuriyeti, askeri darbeyle devrildi. Almanya, Milletler Cemiyeti'ne kabul edildi.
1927ABD'de ilk uzun metrajlı sözlü filmler, gösterime girdi. Amerikalı pilot Charles Lindbergh, Atlas Okyanusu'nu tek başına ve kesintisiz geçti. Fransız Jules Rimet'in önerisiyle, Dünya Futbol Şampiyonası düzenlenmesi kararlaştırıldı.
1928Ulusal politikanın bir aracı olarak savaşı yasaklamayı amaçlayan Kellog-Briand Paktı, 60 ülke tarafından imzalandı.
1929Hollywood'da ilk Oscar Ödül Töreni yapıldı.
1931Japonya, Mançurya'yı işgal etti. Uzakdoğu Savaşı başladı.
1932Irak, bağımsızlığını ilan etti.
1933Alman Ulusal Sosyalist Parti lideri Hitler, başbakan oldu. Naziler, Dachau'da ilk toplama kampını açtılar. Almanya'da Nazi Partisi, yahudileri boykot etme kararı aldı. Nazilere bağlı gizli polis örgütü Gestapo kuruldu. Naziler, Alman ırkını canlandırmak için halkı güçsüzlerden temizleme kararı aldı.
1934Almanya'da Devlet Başkanı'nın ölmesi üzerine Adolf Hitler, ülkenin mutlak lideri oldu ve başbakanlık, devlet başkanlığı yetkilerini elde etti.
1935Nuremberg Yasaları olarak bilinen ırkçı yasalar resmen ilan edildi. İtalya, Etiyopya'yı işgal etti.
1937Naziler, Buchenwald Toplama Kampı'nı açtılar. Japonya, Çin'i savaş ilan etmeksizin işgal etti. Milliyetçi Çin'in başkenti Nanking'de 250.000 Çinli, Japonlar tarafından katledildi.
1938Alman birlikleri, Avusturya'ya girdi.
1939İtalyan birlikleri, Arnavutluk'u işgal etti. Almanya ve Sovyetler Birliği arasında, saldırmazlık anlaşması imzalandı. Almanya, Polonya'yı işgal etti ve 2. Dünya Savaşı başladı. İngiltere ve Fransa, Almanya'ya savaş ilan ettiler. Sovyetler Birliği, Ribbentrop-Molotov Antlaşması'nın gizli bir maddesi gereğince Polonya'ya saldırdı. Hitler ve Stalin, Polonya'yı paylaştılar.
1940Sovyetler Birliği, Finlandiya'ya saldırdı. Saldırı, tarihe ''Kış Savaşı'' olarak girdi.
1946Winston Churchill, Missouri'deki Fulton'da, ilk kez "demir perde" den söz etti.
1947Al Capone öldü.Avrupa Kalkınma Programı açıklandı. SSCB, atom bombası yapabildiğini açıkladı.
1949İngiliz yazar George Orwell, ''1984''ü yazdı. SSCB'de ilk atom patlaması oldu.
1950Kore Savaşı başladı. ABD Kore'ye çıkarma yaptı. 29 Eylül'de Seul işgal edildi.
1952Marshall Adaları'nda, ABD tarafından yapılan ilk hidrojen bombası patladı. İlk bilgisayar IBM-701 piyasaya çıktı. Fransa'yla İngiltere arasında ilk uluslararası televizyon bağlantısı kuruldu.
1955İlk fast-food lokanta, McDonald's, ABD'de açıldı.
Bebek patlaması kuşağı - 1946 ile 1974 arasında doğmuş olanlar. Bebek Patlaması kuşağı, önceki erişkin kuşaklarına göre yeni deneyimlere ve markalara çok daha açık olan dinamik bir grup oluşturuyor. Pazarlama uzmanlarının, Bebek Patlaması kuşağının ne kadar yaşlı olduklarına bakmak yerine, ne yaptıklarına bakarak hedeflerini belirlemeleri gerekiyor. Bebek Patlaması kuşağındakiler, çok döngüsel yaşamlar sürüyorlar. 40’lı ya da 50’li yaşlarında üniversiteye dönüyor olabilirler, yalnız yaşıyor olabilirler ya da ikinci kez evlenmiş, çocuk yetiştiriyor olabilirler.
“All of us who professionally use the mass media are the shapers of society. We can vulgerize that society. We can brutalize it. Or we can help lift it onto a higher level.” William Bernbach quotes (American advertising executive, 1911-1982)
One of the most influential message strategists of the second half of the twentieth century,
1-Poster-style advertising which depends on its simplicity and its manner plus a cogent selling thought expressed with a rigid economy of words.
2-Reason-why advertising which takes the reader by the hand, emotionalizes the results of the product, and rationalizes it with pertinent information and persuasive argument.
Fred Allen (1894 – 1956)
By 1955, however, more than 900 marketers have begun advertising on TV and expenditures have surpassed both magazines and radio to become the leading marketing medium in the U.S., with revenue topping $1 billion. By 2004, more than 200 million sets are in use in the U.S., and TV ad spending tops $50 billion.
The first ad takes the form of a "time signal" featuring the face of a ticking watch, sponsored by Bulova Watch Co. Procter & Gamble Co., Lever Bros. and Sun Oil join Bulova as TV's first sponsors, paying $100-including time and studio costs-for the privilege of branding quarter-hours of programming that reach fewer than 5,000 households in the New York metropolitan area.
1960Doğum kontrol hapı, ABD'de satışa sunuldu.
1961Yahudilerin katledilmesiyle suçlanan eski SS lideri Adolf Eichmann hakkında dava açıldı. Arjantin'e sığınan Eichmann, İsrail İstihbarat Servisi tarafından kaçırıldı. 15 Aralık'ta ölüme mahkum edildi, 31 Mayıs 1962'de idam edildi.
J.F Kennedy, ABD Ordusu'nun Vietnam'a müdahale programına onay verdi.
1962Ünlü müzik topluluğu Beatles, ilk plağının kaydını yaptı. Ünlü modacı Yves Saint Laurent, ilk defilesini sundu.
1964ABD Vietnam'a girdi. Çin, ilk nükleer bombasını patlattı.
1967Küba Devrimi'nin önderlerinden Ernesto ''Che''Guevara öldü.
1968Fransa'da ''68 kuşağı''öğrenci hareketleri başladı. ABD'de yurttaş hakları hareketine öncülük eden siyah din adamı Martin Luther King, 39 yaşında öldürüldü.
Bernbach
1973ABD ile Vietnam arasında, ateşkes anlaşması imzalandı, son ABD Kuvvetleri Vietnam'ı 29 Mart'ta terketti.
1976Steve Jobs ve Steve Wozmiac, ilk kişisel bilgisayar Apple'i gerçekleştirdiler.
"positioning is not what you do to a product. Positioning is what you do to the mind of the prospect. That is, you position (place) the product in the mind of the prospect".
In June 1971, Davidson presented a number of design options to Knight and other BRS executives, and they ultimately selected the mark now known globally as the Swoosh. Davidson submitted a bill for $35 for her work. (In 1983, Knight gave Davidson a gold Swoosh ring and an envelope filled with Nike stock to express his gratitude.)
1980Yeni bir hastalık belirlendi: AIDS.
1981
MTV kuruldu.
1987ABD, SSCB'nin önerisini kabul etti, Asya ve Avrupa'da konuşlandırılmış ve menzili 500-5 bin 500 kilometre olan bütün füzeler imha edildi. Nükleer dönemin ilk gerçek silahsızlanma anlaşması olan Washington Antlaşması imzalandı.
1988
George Bush, ABD Başkanı oldu.
1989Berlin Duvarı yıkıldı.
1991Körfez Savaşı başladı, 28 Şubat'ta Irak'ın yenilgisiyle sona erdi. İlk canlı yayın savaş görüntüleri…
1992Bill Clinton, ABD Başkanlığı'na seçildi.
The Six Thinking Hats technique of Edward de Bono is a model that can be used for exploring different perspectives towards a complex situation or challenge. Seeing things in various ways is often a good idea in strategy formation or complex decision-making processes.
Robert Sobel (1974). "John Wanamaker: The Triumph of Content Over Form", chapter 3 in The Entrepreneurs: Explorations Within the American Business Tradition (Weybright & Talley), ISBN 0-679-40064-8
feminism, environmentalism, racial equality and technology.
Diana, Princess of Wales dies after a car crash in a Paris road tunnel.
The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in August 2, 1990 and the subsequent Gulf War in 1991.
The German reunification in October 3, 1990 as a result of the fall of the Berlin Wall
The breakup of Yugoslavia beginning on June 25, 1991 after the republics of Croatia and Slovenia declared independence from Yugoslavia which was followed by the subsequent Yugoslav wars.
The World Wide Web becomes the first publicly available service on the internet on August 6, 1991, beginning the eventual expansion of public use of the internet.
The Rwandan Genocide which began on April 6, 1994 until mid-July 1994 results in serious criticism of the United Nations and major countries for failing to stop the genocide.
The first cloned mammal, Dolly the sheep is confirmed and reported by global media on February 26, 1997.
The adoption of the Kyoto Protocol by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change on December 11, 1997
1993 World Trade Center bombing and marked the beginning of a series of attempted terrorist attacks by Al Qaeda against the U.S. that would continue into the 2000s.
All about pushing things out at people. A one way process. Shove, shout, sell.
Instead of using marketing to shove things out and yell, it’s about creating things that draw people in. Things that make them want to come learn/see/engage more.
Dusenberry was well-known for his work with one of his major clients, the soft drink giant Pepsi. He devised the advertising slogan "The Choice of a New Generation", and was instrumental in casting celebrities in Pepsi's high-profile advertisements, including Lionel Richie, Don Johnson, Madonna and Michael J. Fox. Dusenberry was overseeing the production of an infamous Pepsi commercial starring Michael Jackson in which Jackson's hair accidentally caught fire when a smoke effect misfired