Dr Ganga K.S, PG Scholar , Dravya Guna Vijnana Dept.

2. KNOWLEDGE OF ANUKTA DRAVYAS WITH
RESPECT TO NAMARUPA
PRESENTED BY GUIDED BY
Dr GANGA .K.S Dr Niyati
FINAL YR PG SCHOLAR ASST.
PROFESSOR
DEPT OF DRAVYA GUNA VIJNANA DEPT OF DRAVYA GUNA
VIJNANA
KAMC, MANGALORE KAMC,
MANGALORE

3. INTRODUTION
• Biodiversity encompasses all biological entities
occurring as an interactive system in a habit or
ecosystem and plants constitute a very important
segment of such biological systems.
• India is a treasure chest of biodiversity which hosts a
large variety of plants.
• As per the FRLHT study, total 620 plants have been
identified from Charaka Samhita including grains
and other food plants, 573 plants in Sushruta
Samhita, 903 drugs in Astanga Hridaya.

4. • Medicinal plants are systematically and
scientifically documented and reported in
Ayurvedic literature based on rasa panchaka
like rasa, guna, veerya, vipaka and prabhava.
• There is a chronological advancement of
medicinal plants from Veda kala to Samhitha
and Nighantu kalas.

5. EVOLUTION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
KNOWLEDGE
• वराहो वेद वीरुधम ् नक
ु लो वेद भेषजीीं ।
सर्ाा गन्धवाा या ववदुस्ता अस्मा अवसे हुवे।
या सुर्र्ाा: अन्न्गरसीर्दाव्या या रघटॊ ववदु:।
वयाींसस हींसा या ववदुयााश्च सवे र्तत्रिर्:।
मृगा या ववदुरोषधीस्ता अस्मा अवसे हुवे।
यावतीऽनामोषधीनाीं गाव: प्राशनन््यध्नन्या
यावतीनामजावय:।
तावतीस्तुभ्यमोषधी: शमा यच्छन््वाभृता:।
यावतीषु मनुष्या भेषजीं भॆषजो ववदु:॥
(अथवा वेद.8723)

6. • In Aushadhi Samuha Sukta of Atharva Veda
Samhitha, we can find the evolution of the
knowledge about our plants from the nature.
“Medicines have been made available to
humans through a variety of animals including
pigs, bats, snakes, swan like birds, mammals,
cattle etc creatures. These mantras described
that how human gained scientific knowledge
about medicine..

7. • Tribals, Ascetics and Hunters must have
known that each animal eats some of the flora
on special locations thus the earliest
knowledge of medicine from various animals
was acquired by the primitive people of the
jungle. In that way the human race began to
acquire knowledge of plants.

8. DHANWANTARI NIGANTU
• ककरातगोर्ालकतार्साध्नयावनेचरास्तत् क
ु शलास्तथाऽन्ये ।
ववदन्न्तनानाववधा भेषजानाम् प्रमार्वर्ााकृ ितनामजाती:।
तेभ्य: सकाशादुर्लभ्यवैध्नय: र्श्चात् च
शास्िेषुववमॄश्यवुदध्नया ।
ववकल्र्येत् द्रव्य रसप्रभावान्न्वर्ाकवीयााणितपर्तप्रयोगात्।
प्रयोजना: सन्न्तव्नेचरास्तेगोर्ादय: प्राकृ तनामसींज्ञा:।
प्रयोजनाथाा वचन प्रवृवियास्माित: प्राक
ॄ तसम्यदोष:।
ऎक
ीं तु नाम प्रथथतीं बहूनामेकस्यनामािनतथाबहूिन।
द्रव्यस्यजाित आकृ ित वर्ा वीया रसप्रभावार्द गुर्ै
भवित॥(ध.िन)

9. RAJA NIGANTU
• आभीरगोर्ालर्ुसलन्दतार्सा: र्ान्थास्तथाऽन्ये
अवर् च वन्यर्ारगा:।
र्रीक्ष्य तेभ्यो ववववधौषधासभधा रसार्दलक्षमाणितपर्
तत: प्रयोजयेत्॥(रा.िन.111

10. अनुक्त िनरुन्क्त
• The word अनुक्त is derived from the root word
vac with negation attached to the basic root
• नुक्तीं - अनुक्त i.e, which has not been said or
documented in Indian Ayurveda texts.
• Thus अनुक्त द्रव्य means all those folklore plants
or any other plant which do exist in India or
anywhere in the Universe but are not mentioned
in Ayurvedic Classical Literature like
Brihathrayees, Laghuthrayees , Nighantu etc.

11. • अनुक्त is not limited to plants, that word can
meaning can be used in multi dimensions.
• अनुक्त तैल - ितल तैल
• अनुक्त फल मज्ज
• अनुक्त अींग - मूल
• अनुक्त काल - प्रात: काल
• अनुक्त आसव अररष्ट

12. • अनुक्त तन्ियुन्क्त
• अनुक्त समान जातीय क्षीर
• अनुक्त भक्ष्य

13. नामरूर्ज्ञानम्
• नामीं + रूर्ीं = PHARMACOGNOSY
• शब्देनोच्चाररतेनेह येन द्रव्यम ् प्रितयते ।
तदक्षरववधौ युक्तम ् नमे्यहमािनवषर्:॥(िन)
नाम denotes the basonym as well as synonym
रूर् denotes the आकृ ित, गुर् कमा

14. • योगववत् नामरूर्ज्ञस्तासाीं त्वववदुचय्ते इित
औषधम ् ह्यनसभज्ञातीं नाम रूर् गुर्ै:
त्रिसभ:॥(च.सीं)
• नामरूर्ज्ञानम ् (र्ररचयववज्ञानम ्)
• गुर्कमान्जानम ् (प्रयोगज्ञानम्)

15. INTERPRETATION OF NAMARUPA
 नामीं च रूर्ीं च ते ज्ञायते ऽनेने इित।
 नामभी रूर्ीं ज्ञायतेऽनेन इित।
 नामरूर्यो: सामन्चरसीं ज्ञायतेऽनेन इित।

16. NAMING OF DRAVYAS
• नामािन क्वथचत् इह रूर्ित: स्वभावात्
देश्योक््या क्वचन च लान्छनोर्माभ्याीं ।
• वीयेर् क्वथचत् इतराह्वयार्ददेशात् द्रवयार्ाम ्
ध्रुवसमित सप्तधोर्दतािन॥(रा.िन 113)

17. • The naming of plants forms an extremely
interesting topic with historical and cultural
significance .
• It sheds interesting light upon the brisk
intellectual relation among different parts a of
• India , and gives us an indication of the geography
of India.
• The nomenclature also highlights that our
ancestors had a keen sense of observation.
• In Ayurveda, methodology of nomenclature is
multi nominal, A plant is referred by many
names, each describes a particular feature or a
specific attribute of the plant.

18. द्रव्य र्रीक्षा ववथध
• यिु द्रव्यभूतीं तस्यार्ीयम ् र्रीक्षा - इदमेवीं
प्रकृ ्यैवींगुर्मेवीं प्रभावमन्स्मन ् देशे जातमन्स्मन्
नृतावेवम ् गॄहीतमेवीं िनर्हतमेवमुर्स्कृ तमनया च
मािया युक्तमन्स्मन ् व्याधावेवम ् ववधस्य
र्ुरुषस्यैवतावन्तम ् दोषमर्कषा्युर्शमयित वा ,
यदन्यदवर् चैवववधीं भेषजीं भवेत् च अनेन
ववशेषेर् युक्तसमित॥(च.वव.887)

19. DETERMINATION THROUGH प्रमार्ा
• तस्य चतुववाधा र्रीक्षा आप्तोर्देश: प्र्यक्षम्
अनुमानीं युन्क्तश्चेित॥(च.सू.1117)
• प्र्यक्ष- Rasa, varna, gandha etc can be
perceived.
• अनुमानीं – to determine the karma of dravya.
• आप्तोर्देश – the traditional or folklore
knowledge from the experts.
• युन्क्त- logical application of drug in practice.

20. GAINING KNOWLEDGE ON UNKNOWN
DRAVYAS
Collection of data
• 1st source – folklore practitioners.
• 2nd source – existing literature
Identification of a plant – Macro
Micro
Observation of the plant in-situ

21. Extensive study of
literature to find
Detailed analytical
study
Determination of rasa
panchaka

22. EXAMPLE FOR ANUKTA DRAVYA
NAMAKARANA
Cestrum nocturmum Linn
• SOLANACEAE
• Native orgin – West Indies
• Local name – Raat ki rani
• Locality – Ramnagar , Varanasi.
• Useful part – leaf
• Therapeutic use – Hridroga, Spas

23. • Name given – Nishi mahishi – based on kala

24. Garuga pinnata Roxb.
BURSERACEAE
Local name – Khogar, kaikar.
Locality – Ramnagar, Varanasi.
Native – East indies.
Root, stem, leaves, fruit, gall ,bark – useful
parts.

25. • Name given – Garugo – based on rudhi.

26. • Trichopus zeylanicus Gaetrn.
• TRICHOPODIACEAE
• Endemic to Kerala
• Malayalam Name – Arogyapacha
• Unripe fruit, leaf is used.
• Balya, brihmana, rasayana.
• Name given – Shakthida – Based on Karma.

27. Trichopus zeylanicus Gaertn

28. • Euphorbia pulcherrima.Willd.exKlotzsch
• EUPHORBIACEAE
• Commonly known as Poinsetta.
• Collected from Manduadih, Varanasi
• Native of Central America.
• Useful in tumors.
• Latex is used.
• Name given – Kusuma patra – based on
lanchana

29. Euphorbia pulcherrima
Willd. ex Klotzsch

30. • Solanum erianthum D Donl
• SOLANACEAE
• Ban tambakku – common name.
• Native of West Indies.
• Root, whole plant are useful parts.
• Used in inflammation, pain, cough, skin
diseases, asthma, wound, diabetes etc.
• Name given – Vana tambakku – Based on jati.

31. Solanum erianthum
D Donl

32. • Anagallis arvensis Linn.
• PRIMULACEAE
• Commonly known as Jonkmari
• Collected from Nagwa, VarHarshani anasi.
• Native of America, Europe and West Asia.
• Whole plant can be used.
• Useful in sarpa visha, matsya visha, epilepsy,
hysteria, leprosy etc.
• Name given – Harshani – based on Prabhava.

33. Anagallis arvensis L.

34. • Gmelina asiatica L.
• VERBENACEAE
• Nagphool is the common name.
• Collected from Manduadih, Varanasi.
• Native of East Indies.
• dWhole plant can be used,
• Syphilis, burning sensation in eyes, fever, dysuria
etc
• Name given – nagaprasuna - based on prabhava.

35. Gmelina asiatica L.

36. • Quisqualis indica Linn.
• COMBREATACEAE
• Common name – Rangon ki bhel.
• Indigenous to Burma, Malay and Peninsula.
• Leaf and seeds are useful parts.
• Useful in atisara, jwara, krimi, mutra krichra
etc.
• Name given – rangunavalli – based on desha.

37. Quisqualis indica L.

38. • Scoparia dulcis Linn.
• SCROPULARIACEAE
• Ghoda tulsi is the common name
• whole plant is useful
• Ashmari, atisara, swasa, kasa, hridroga.
• Name given – mishta patri – based on rasa.

39. Scoparia dulcis L.

40. • Mirabilis jalapa Linn
• NYCTAGINACEAE
• Gulabbas is the common name.
• Native of tropical America
• Whole plant is useful.
• Useful in Vrana, vidradhi, granthi etc.
• Name given – kautuka pushpa – based on
itarahvaya.

41. Mirabilis jalapa L

42. EXAMPLES OF research study on anukta dravya
• Azima tetracantha Lam
• Passiflora foetida L
• Artemesia vulgaris L – Anthelmentic action –
Dr Sridevi
• Andrographis macrobotrys Nees – Anti hepato
toxicity- Dr Ashok
• Zornia gibbosa Span – Phytopharmacological
study

43. • Hoya ovalifolia Wall– Dr Vinod –
Phytopharmacological studies
• Caesalpinia mimosoides Lam – Experimental
study – Dr Rekha
• Persea macrantha Nees – Clinical study on
Janus Sandhigata Vata - Dr Niranjan Prabhu –
• Antidesma menasu Retz .

44. Azima tetracantha Lam

45. Passiflora foetida L

46. Artemesia vulgaris L

47. Andrographis macrobotrys Nees

48. Zornia gibbosa Span.

49. Hoya ovalifolia Wall.

50. Caesalpinia mimosoides Lam

51. Persea macrantha Nees

52. Antidesma menasu Retz

53. Allophylus cobbe (L.) Raeusch

54. SCOPE OF RESEARCH
• Revising of API with more extra Pharmacopeal
drugs.
• Literature study on traditional folklore text
books and bringing them into public.

55. CONCLUSION
• Entire Universe is at the Vedge of exploitation due to
Globalisation and other developmental activities.
• The number of Flora and Fauna of Biodiversity is taking
their position in the list of IUCN Red book.
• In the field of Traditional system also due to scarcity of
Medicinal Plants, we are facing more issues.
• To overcome all these hurdles discovering the obscured
plants and conducting Research Studies will help in
ensuring the quality of our Clinical Practice.

56. REFERENCE
• P.V Sharma Namarupavijnanam
• Atharva Veda Bhaishajyam – Dr
Ramachandran
• Charaka Samhita – Chakrapani Commentry
• Raja Nigantu
• Dhanwantari Nigantu
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334344921_DETERMIN
ATION_OF_ANUKTA_DRAVYA_THROUGH_CLASSICAL_AYURVEDIC_P
RINCIPLES
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224898600_Nomenclat
ure_of_anukta_dravya