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4. Database Design
Techniques
In this chapter you will be
introduced to various
techniques to design relational
databases.
Database Design Topics
- Importance of Database Design
- Database Design Approaches
- Database Design Phases
- Data Modeling
- Entity Relationship Data Modeling
- Normalization
- Conceptual Database Design
- Logical Database Design
- Physical Database Design
Importance of Database Design
There are two primary approaches
•Responsive applications
•Enable you to extend database with ease
•Sharing database for many applications
•Integrity of data
•Security of data
Database Design Methods
Primary design methods are:
•Bottom-up design method
•Top-down design method
Importance of Database Design
Proper design of database is crucial for
•Responsive applications
•Enable you to extend database with ease
•Sharing database for many applications
•Integrity of data
•Security of data
Database Design Approaches
The design approaches are:
•Bottom-up design approach
•Top-down design approach
Bottom-up Database Design
Steps that you should follow for this design approach are
as follows:
•Step-1: Identify attributes for which you need to store
data
•Step-2: Group the attributes into relations based on
associations between the attributes through the
process of normalization.
Note:- Can be used only for small databases.
Top-down Database Design
Steps that you should follow for this design approach are
as follows:
•Step-1: Create an Entity-Relationship Model
•Step-2: Start with Entity Types of the Entity-
Relationship Model as initial relations, apply
normalization procedure to come up with the relations.
Database Design Phases
Following are the three phases of
database design:
•Conceptual Database Design
•Logical Database Design
•Physical Database Design
Conceptual Database Design
Phase
Input: Output of Systems Analysis – Data-Flow
Diagrams, Software requirement specifications,
etc.
Output: Conceptual Data Model (ER-Model
Diagram)
Goal: To get a model capturing complete user
data requirements, understand and represent
relationships among entity types
No implementation details to be shown.
Logical Database Design Phase
Input: Conceptual Data Model
Output: A DBMS specific Data Model such as
relation data model, hierarchical data model
and network data model.
No implementation details to be shown.
Physical Database Design Phase
Input: DBMS Specific Data Model
Output: Database schema with
implementation details such as physical
organization of database objects, indexes to be
used and location of the objects on secondary
storage.

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Database Systems - Introduction to Database Design (Chapter 4/1)

  • 1. 4. Database Design Techniques In this chapter you will be introduced to various techniques to design relational databases.
  • 2. Database Design Topics - Importance of Database Design - Database Design Approaches - Database Design Phases - Data Modeling - Entity Relationship Data Modeling - Normalization - Conceptual Database Design - Logical Database Design - Physical Database Design
  • 3. Importance of Database Design There are two primary approaches •Responsive applications •Enable you to extend database with ease •Sharing database for many applications •Integrity of data •Security of data
  • 4. Database Design Methods Primary design methods are: •Bottom-up design method •Top-down design method
  • 5. Importance of Database Design Proper design of database is crucial for •Responsive applications •Enable you to extend database with ease •Sharing database for many applications •Integrity of data •Security of data
  • 6. Database Design Approaches The design approaches are: •Bottom-up design approach •Top-down design approach
  • 7. Bottom-up Database Design Steps that you should follow for this design approach are as follows: •Step-1: Identify attributes for which you need to store data •Step-2: Group the attributes into relations based on associations between the attributes through the process of normalization. Note:- Can be used only for small databases.
  • 8. Top-down Database Design Steps that you should follow for this design approach are as follows: •Step-1: Create an Entity-Relationship Model •Step-2: Start with Entity Types of the Entity- Relationship Model as initial relations, apply normalization procedure to come up with the relations.
  • 9. Database Design Phases Following are the three phases of database design: •Conceptual Database Design •Logical Database Design •Physical Database Design
  • 10. Conceptual Database Design Phase Input: Output of Systems Analysis – Data-Flow Diagrams, Software requirement specifications, etc. Output: Conceptual Data Model (ER-Model Diagram) Goal: To get a model capturing complete user data requirements, understand and represent relationships among entity types No implementation details to be shown.
  • 11. Logical Database Design Phase Input: Conceptual Data Model Output: A DBMS specific Data Model such as relation data model, hierarchical data model and network data model. No implementation details to be shown.
  • 12. Physical Database Design Phase Input: DBMS Specific Data Model Output: Database schema with implementation details such as physical organization of database objects, indexes to be used and location of the objects on secondary storage.