Data Visualization Exercises
Due: Wednesday Oct. 17 at 3pm
Submit your assignment as a pdf file via the compass course space.
Exercise 1
The following tree map provides information about land area and population density for states in regions of the
United States of America.
For this visualization do the following:
• Consider the Dos and Don’ts of good data visualization discussed in class. Comment on at least 3 ways in
which this visualization should be improved to make the information displayed more informative and
understandable.
• Comment on the fundamental comparisons being made in this plot. What questions of interest can be
easily answered with this plot?
• Summarize the key takeaways from the graphic. What can we say about population and land distribution
across and within regions of the USA based on this visualization?
Exercise 2
The following is a chord diagram illustrating migration patterns across regions of the United States. In the
diagram, each region has its own axis, and chords represent migration from one region to another. The color of
the chord is for the region individuals migrated from, and there is a small white strip on the starting side of the
chord.
For this visualization do the following:
• Consider the Dos and Don’ts of good data visualization discussed in class. Comment on at least 3 ways in
which this visualization should be improved to make the information displayed more informative and
understandable.
• Comment on how the 5 Basic Tactics discussed in class (size, position, shape, color, and connectedness)
are used in this visualization. Note: It is possible that not all 5 are used.
• Summarize the key takeaways from the graphic. What can we say about population migration across and
within the specified regions of the USA based on this visualization?
Exercises 3 and 4
Using software of your choice, create the graphics described from the data in the MigrationData.csv file attached
to this assignment. This is the region to region migration data from the chord diagram in Exercise 2. The data is
based on the State-to-State Migration Flows: 2015 data set from the United States Census Bureaui. In
MigrationData.csv, the rows are the regions of origin (the region migrants started out in) and the columns are the
destination regions (where they moved to).
Be sure to use tactics discussed in class to clearly establish what data is being compared and to make the desired
comparison as clear as possible.
Exercise 3
The chord diagram is very complete, but a similar diagram may be useful for comparing proportions for a given
region and making a simple comparison of proportions across regions. Create a graphic or set of graphics that
allows for easy comparison of absolute number of migrants to each region for each of the four region.
Exercise 4
Create a graphic that allows for easy comparison of the ratio of immigrants (those moving into a region from a
different.
This document provides guidance on presenting data and results in a research paper. It discusses including details on how data was gathered and limitations. Visuals like tables, graphs and images should be used to present results, with a title, labels and legend. The document also provides tips on formatting visuals, citing sources, discussing results in text, and integrating results and discussion.
This document provides information on working with infographics. It defines data visualization as exploring and understanding patterns in large data quantities, and defines infographics as a type of data visualization meant to illustrate, narrate, and often persuade. Common elements in infographics include bar graphs, pie charts, line graphs, maps, pictograms, timelines, large labels, and multiple text blocks. Best practices for infographics include understanding the audience, telling a story with a beginning, middle, and end, using spatial and typographic hierarchy, employing color wisely, ensuring accuracy and honesty, maintaining a good data-to-ink ratio, and prioritizing clarity over creativity. The document also discusses critiquing infographics and lists some common
Here are my recommendations for graphs to use for each data set:
- Comparison of annual snowfall between resorts: Bar graph or line graph. Both would clearly show the snowfall amounts and how they compare each year.
- Time spent watching TV: Histogram. It can accommodate a large data set and show the distribution of hours watched.
- Wind speed over 3 weeks: Line graph. A line graph is best to show changes in a measurement over time.
- Favorite summer activity: Pie or bar graph. These are best for categorical data to compare proportions for each category.
A quick reference on designing data visualizations that delight and leverage best practices from the design world to ensure your data is presented in meaningful, usable, fun ways.
1 GENERAL STANDARDS AND CRITERIA FOR PAPERS Papers .docxaryan532920
1
GENERAL STANDARDS AND CRITERIA FOR PAPERS
Papers should be 5-7 double-spaced pages, no longer than 8 pages.
Papers must be typed and have 1 inch left-side margins. Do not abuse font and page margin
technology. Generally the font should be 10-12 point, similar to regular typeface.
Information must be clear, current, and adequate for its purpose. Writing must be grammatical,
concise, and developed thematically. You are expected to properly reference your sources.
Key criteria for evaluation include:
completeness - addresses all parts of assignment
concreteness - uses specific and accurate details, examples, facts, and statistics
correctness - proper grammar, punctuation, spelling, documentation
craft - effectively connects with the audience, smooth and concise style.
References in text:
Any quote, specific statistic, or distinctive point made by a particular author should always be
referenced in the text. For these papers, keep the in-text references simple. Immediately after a
sentence or table that has a specific fact, quote, or distinctive point, note the author’s name or an
abbreviated version of the title in parentheses along with the page number where the information was
found.
Examples: (Clucas, p. 6) or (“2010 Electoral Results”, n.p.). Use n.p. if there is no page number.
Bibliography: Attach a bibliography listing your research sources.
Alphabetize entries and double space between entries, single space within them citation
Examples:
Aspen, Allen. “Leaves are Beautiful”. Journal of Foliage. Vol. 12, No. 2 (Autumn 2010),
pp. 10-15.
Cite them in this format:
On-line versions of journals, newspapers, or other regular publications, treat it like a regular
publication. If you use full text back issues of the Oregonian, from an index, simply refer to
the article like you would if you had the hard copy;
Author’s last name, first name. “Article title”. Periodical name. Volume #, Edition#, (Date),
page #s.
Example:
Smith, Roger. “Salmon in Crisis.” Oregonian (January 12, 1998), p. A1. (Often you can only
get the start page and sometimes no page at all. In that case, put “n.p.” in the text: (Smith, n.p.)
2
Paper: Community Political Profile
Introduce me to your community, introduce me to the people, introduce me to the politics, and teach
me about the political culture of your community.
Specific Task:
Introduction.
1) Research and define the meaning of two types of political cultures “conservative” and
“progressive”. Specify the typical socio-demographics (age, race, income, rural or urban,
type of employment industry, etc); political values (examples: specific positions a variety of
issues such as taxes, social issues, education, etc.); and political party affiliation of each
definition.
2) Make observations about the county/city in which you live (or are from) is it. For example
is it ...
Chapter 4 Problem 31. For problem three in chapter four, a teac.docxrobertad6
Chapter 4: Problem 3
1. For problem three in chapter four, a teacher wants to display her students number of responses for each day of the week. And she wants to do that with a bar chart. Since she hasn't taken a stats class, she comes to you for help. You first enter her data into SPSS and the results look like this-- When you look at your data set, you'll see that it actually has the wrong level of measurement. Notice that there's a little Venn diagram at the top of each column, which indicates that your data has been entered as nominal. That would be correct if you were noting which day of the week a student participated, but since you're noting how often a given student participated, the correct level of measurement is a scale. Go ahead and change that. Watch how I do that. Under variable view, under measure, you just want to click each one and turn it into a scale. You can also cut and paste these, and I can show you that in another video. Once you have them changed, go back to data view, and you'll see that at the top it has changed in two little rulers. The next question is, how do I get SPSS to display the average score per day rather the total number of individual scores, which might look like a mess, and it's why this question is a toughie. To do that we go under graphs, and you'll see that you have two options, you can do a Chart Builder or a Legacy Dialog. For this question we want to use the Legacy Dialog. We go to Bar and when we click that, there are two questions-- one, what type of bar chart? We want a simple one. And then, how do you want the data in their area displayed? Do we want to summarize for the groups? We really don't. We want summary of separate variables where each day of the week is a variable. We click on Define and then here you'll see every day of the week. You want to bring that over and you see your bar charts are going to represent the mean for every day of the week. As a good habit you want to make sure you title it, I called it "Students' Engagement During Group Discussion." The second one is by day of week. We hit Continue, and then when we hit OK, you're going to see your output pop up. And here is our bar chart-- every day of the week showing the average student engagement. And this is how you answer problem 3 in chapter 4. Good luck.
2. Identify whether these distributions are negatively skewed, positively skewed, or not skewed at all and explain why you describe them that way.
a. This talented group of athletes scored very high on the vertical jump task.
b. On this incredibly crummy test, everyone received the same score.
c. On the most difficult spelling test of the year, the third graders wept as the scores were delivered and then their parents complained.
3. Use the data available as Chapter 4 Data Set 3 on pie preference to create a pie chart ☺ using SPSS.
4. For each of the followin.
This document provides information about finding and using local statistical data. It discusses why local statistics are important, the types of statistical information available including census data, benefits claimant rates, and indices of deprivation. It then provides step-by-step instructions on how to access and present this data using Neighbourhood Statistics, Nomisweb, and Deprivation Mapper. Key details covered include different geographic scales, downloading data to Excel to create graphs and maps, and using the tools to highlight issues in an area.
What is my neighbourhood like: Data collectingAmarni Wood
When developing your First Steps plan (and when applying to other funders) it is important to have good evidence of what your area is really like. Statistical information collected by various public bodies can be an excellent way of doing this.
This guidance provides information on: Why statistical data about your local area is important, what statistical information is available for public use, and how to find & present data about your local area.
This document provides guidance on presenting data and results in a research paper. It discusses including details on how data was gathered and limitations. Visuals like tables, graphs and images should be used to present results, with a title, labels and legend. The document also provides tips on formatting visuals, citing sources, discussing results in text, and integrating results and discussion.
This document provides information on working with infographics. It defines data visualization as exploring and understanding patterns in large data quantities, and defines infographics as a type of data visualization meant to illustrate, narrate, and often persuade. Common elements in infographics include bar graphs, pie charts, line graphs, maps, pictograms, timelines, large labels, and multiple text blocks. Best practices for infographics include understanding the audience, telling a story with a beginning, middle, and end, using spatial and typographic hierarchy, employing color wisely, ensuring accuracy and honesty, maintaining a good data-to-ink ratio, and prioritizing clarity over creativity. The document also discusses critiquing infographics and lists some common
Here are my recommendations for graphs to use for each data set:
- Comparison of annual snowfall between resorts: Bar graph or line graph. Both would clearly show the snowfall amounts and how they compare each year.
- Time spent watching TV: Histogram. It can accommodate a large data set and show the distribution of hours watched.
- Wind speed over 3 weeks: Line graph. A line graph is best to show changes in a measurement over time.
- Favorite summer activity: Pie or bar graph. These are best for categorical data to compare proportions for each category.
A quick reference on designing data visualizations that delight and leverage best practices from the design world to ensure your data is presented in meaningful, usable, fun ways.
1 GENERAL STANDARDS AND CRITERIA FOR PAPERS Papers .docxaryan532920
1
GENERAL STANDARDS AND CRITERIA FOR PAPERS
Papers should be 5-7 double-spaced pages, no longer than 8 pages.
Papers must be typed and have 1 inch left-side margins. Do not abuse font and page margin
technology. Generally the font should be 10-12 point, similar to regular typeface.
Information must be clear, current, and adequate for its purpose. Writing must be grammatical,
concise, and developed thematically. You are expected to properly reference your sources.
Key criteria for evaluation include:
completeness - addresses all parts of assignment
concreteness - uses specific and accurate details, examples, facts, and statistics
correctness - proper grammar, punctuation, spelling, documentation
craft - effectively connects with the audience, smooth and concise style.
References in text:
Any quote, specific statistic, or distinctive point made by a particular author should always be
referenced in the text. For these papers, keep the in-text references simple. Immediately after a
sentence or table that has a specific fact, quote, or distinctive point, note the author’s name or an
abbreviated version of the title in parentheses along with the page number where the information was
found.
Examples: (Clucas, p. 6) or (“2010 Electoral Results”, n.p.). Use n.p. if there is no page number.
Bibliography: Attach a bibliography listing your research sources.
Alphabetize entries and double space between entries, single space within them citation
Examples:
Aspen, Allen. “Leaves are Beautiful”. Journal of Foliage. Vol. 12, No. 2 (Autumn 2010),
pp. 10-15.
Cite them in this format:
On-line versions of journals, newspapers, or other regular publications, treat it like a regular
publication. If you use full text back issues of the Oregonian, from an index, simply refer to
the article like you would if you had the hard copy;
Author’s last name, first name. “Article title”. Periodical name. Volume #, Edition#, (Date),
page #s.
Example:
Smith, Roger. “Salmon in Crisis.” Oregonian (January 12, 1998), p. A1. (Often you can only
get the start page and sometimes no page at all. In that case, put “n.p.” in the text: (Smith, n.p.)
2
Paper: Community Political Profile
Introduce me to your community, introduce me to the people, introduce me to the politics, and teach
me about the political culture of your community.
Specific Task:
Introduction.
1) Research and define the meaning of two types of political cultures “conservative” and
“progressive”. Specify the typical socio-demographics (age, race, income, rural or urban,
type of employment industry, etc); political values (examples: specific positions a variety of
issues such as taxes, social issues, education, etc.); and political party affiliation of each
definition.
2) Make observations about the county/city in which you live (or are from) is it. For example
is it ...
Chapter 4 Problem 31. For problem three in chapter four, a teac.docxrobertad6
Chapter 4: Problem 3
1. For problem three in chapter four, a teacher wants to display her students number of responses for each day of the week. And she wants to do that with a bar chart. Since she hasn't taken a stats class, she comes to you for help. You first enter her data into SPSS and the results look like this-- When you look at your data set, you'll see that it actually has the wrong level of measurement. Notice that there's a little Venn diagram at the top of each column, which indicates that your data has been entered as nominal. That would be correct if you were noting which day of the week a student participated, but since you're noting how often a given student participated, the correct level of measurement is a scale. Go ahead and change that. Watch how I do that. Under variable view, under measure, you just want to click each one and turn it into a scale. You can also cut and paste these, and I can show you that in another video. Once you have them changed, go back to data view, and you'll see that at the top it has changed in two little rulers. The next question is, how do I get SPSS to display the average score per day rather the total number of individual scores, which might look like a mess, and it's why this question is a toughie. To do that we go under graphs, and you'll see that you have two options, you can do a Chart Builder or a Legacy Dialog. For this question we want to use the Legacy Dialog. We go to Bar and when we click that, there are two questions-- one, what type of bar chart? We want a simple one. And then, how do you want the data in their area displayed? Do we want to summarize for the groups? We really don't. We want summary of separate variables where each day of the week is a variable. We click on Define and then here you'll see every day of the week. You want to bring that over and you see your bar charts are going to represent the mean for every day of the week. As a good habit you want to make sure you title it, I called it "Students' Engagement During Group Discussion." The second one is by day of week. We hit Continue, and then when we hit OK, you're going to see your output pop up. And here is our bar chart-- every day of the week showing the average student engagement. And this is how you answer problem 3 in chapter 4. Good luck.
2. Identify whether these distributions are negatively skewed, positively skewed, or not skewed at all and explain why you describe them that way.
a. This talented group of athletes scored very high on the vertical jump task.
b. On this incredibly crummy test, everyone received the same score.
c. On the most difficult spelling test of the year, the third graders wept as the scores were delivered and then their parents complained.
3. Use the data available as Chapter 4 Data Set 3 on pie preference to create a pie chart ☺ using SPSS.
4. For each of the followin.
This document provides information about finding and using local statistical data. It discusses why local statistics are important, the types of statistical information available including census data, benefits claimant rates, and indices of deprivation. It then provides step-by-step instructions on how to access and present this data using Neighbourhood Statistics, Nomisweb, and Deprivation Mapper. Key details covered include different geographic scales, downloading data to Excel to create graphs and maps, and using the tools to highlight issues in an area.
What is my neighbourhood like: Data collectingAmarni Wood
When developing your First Steps plan (and when applying to other funders) it is important to have good evidence of what your area is really like. Statistical information collected by various public bodies can be an excellent way of doing this.
This guidance provides information on: Why statistical data about your local area is important, what statistical information is available for public use, and how to find & present data about your local area.
1- the city that you need to write about.Chicago, ILIndica.docxjeremylockett77
1- the city that you need to write about.
Chicago, IL
Indicate two different criteria that might be used when deciding whether a city might be a good choice for someone in your career field. Please note: you are not arguing here about a specific city itself. Instead, you are suggesting the types of things that could be used, such as the weather.(Don't use this as one of the criteria in your response.) Be sure to state which career field you are referring to.
Explain the reasoning for your criteria in one or more paragraphs for each criterion. Why would these criteria be important in making the decision of whether to move to this city? What types of things would someone need to know in deciding whether these criteria are favorable or not? (For instance, in considering weather, you'd probably want to know average temperature during each season, typical rain or snow outlooks, and any particular threats the city tends to experience due to weather.)
2- the city that you need to write about.
Chicago, IL
Purpose
The report on a city is an analytical report. You will be drawing a conclusion about whether a specific city would be a good location for someone in your career field, based on the specific criteria noted in the report.
One goal of the report is for you to practice coming up with reasonable criteria and applying them in order to draw a well-defended conclusion. Another goal is to practice research skills, including finding, using, and documenting secondary research.
Context
You have received an internship in department of the college where you will receive your degree. You've learned that many students in your field receive job offers that require them to move to another state. As a service, the department wants to prepare reports that give an overview of some of the more popular cities, to help students in their decision of whether to accept the offers when they graduate. You have been assigned a specific city to investigate.
Requirements
I will assign your city, and your report must be on this city. (I am going to assign different cities to each student in class.)
The report must use at least four sources for the information. At least three of these must be secondary sources. If you know someone who has lived in your assigned city, you may interview that person as the fourth source. Give credit to all sources used.
The report must contain at least five criteria that a person would reasonably use in determining whether that city is a good choice for them. It may, of course, contain more than this. We will discuss possible criteria in the discussion this week, but you may use criteria that are not mentioned in the discussion.
The report should be at least five pages long. i anticipate that the visuals used will not take up more than one page of this length.
The report must have at least two visuals (photographs, charts, graphs). If these are copied from someone, give credit to the source.
Structure and Content
The report must be ...
This document provides an overview and introduction to data storytelling. It discusses the importance of visualizing data and why visual perception is important. It covers selecting the right visualizations based on the goal of the message, such as for ranking, distribution, comparison, etc. It also discusses different chart types like bar charts, line charts, trellis charts that can be used to show trends over time, part-to-whole relationships, and comparisons. The document emphasizes crafting the message for the intended audience and knowing the purpose and data.
The document provides information about linear and non-linear texts. It explains that linear texts have a single sequential reading path from beginning to end, while non-linear texts can be read in multiple paths as they include visual elements. Examples of linear texts include novels, poems, and newspaper articles, while non-linear texts may incorporate pictures, graphs, tables, and diagrams. The key difference between the two text types lies in their reading paths and order.
Visuals should be used to present ideas completely, find relationships between concepts, emphasize important material, and present information compactly with less repetition. When selecting visuals, choose the type of visual that best matches the story or relationship you want to convey in the data. Different visual types like pie charts, bar graphs, and tables are better suited for certain types of stories and relationships. It is important to design visuals following conventions like clear titles, labels, sources and fit the visual to the story or relationship in the data.
SOCI 234 Population and Society. Migration HomeworkMust be sub.docxpbilly1
SOCI 234 Population and Society.
Migration Homework
Must be submitted on myCourses via the “Assignment” tab before the start of class on the due date (see syllabus for date).
All homework must be submitted via myCourses. Answers must be typed. Include all formulas used in your answer.[footnoteRef:1] You must submit your homework as one (1) file (only PDF or Word files are acceptable). It is your responsibility to ensure that your file is readable, not corrupt, and includes your entire answer. [1: I recommend using the the equation and symbol features in Word.]
You may help each other but each person must write up and submit their own assignment. Assignments that are too similar (e.g., typed with the exact same answers only a different cover page for each student) will be considered copies and situations of academic misconduct. You need to demonstrate that you completed the work.
The entire assignment is worth 67points. It is only worth 10% of your entire grade. I am not expecting you to conduct outside research for this assignment and extraneous information will not help your grade (it may, in fact, hurt it if the information is wrong).
Round your answers to two decimal places (i.e. 6.05 or 0.87) unless otherwise specified. Be concise and answer the specific question only. The homework is designed to test your knowledge and ability to calculate and interpret demographic equations and values. It is not a research assignment.
You must answer all components. Include interpretations when specified. Include any formulas you use and show as much of your work as reasonably possible. If your final answer is incorrect you may still receive partial credit. You do not need to show every calculation but giving an example or two showing how you are plugging numbers into equations will help earn partial credit if necessary.
For this assignment you are going to calculate and interpret migration rates for Canada and select European countries. You will be using data from two (2) sources. For part 1 on Canada you will continue to use data from Statistics Canada. For part 2 on Europe you will use data made available by Eurostat, the statistical agency of the European Union. As usual, you must use footnotes to include a citation for each data source you use in this assignment.[footnoteRef:2] You should include functioning hyperlinks whenever possible. Note, there are many websites that gather this type of information (e.g IndexMundi). You cannot use these websites as your source. [2: You may not need a separate citation for each number entered into a table. For example, if several pieces of information came from one StatsCan Table you can add the reference after a number and specify in the other information obtained from the same table. Please include hyperlinks to the actual data when possible. StatsCan typically offers a recommended citation at the bottom of each table. You should use that whenever possible.]
Throughout the assignment you.
STA-O Discussion Question Four - Statistics.pdf Discussi.docxdessiechisomjj4
STA-O Discussion Question Four - Statistics.pdf
Discussion Question Four – Statistics
For this week’s discussion read “Imagine a Pie Chart Stomping on an Infographic Forever” by Eronarn
(below).
• Discuss each of the visualizations/infographs.
• Talk about why each infograph (A-M) is ineffective, and what changes could be made to better
represent the data visually.
• Go through the information learned in this article and how you can apply it to your future in design.
Note: Images are linked for a clearer view, and certain portions have been omitted for brevity’s sake.
Your submission is due by Friday at 11:59 p.m EST.
Reference the discussion-grading rubric to understand the expectations for your posts. Use specific
examples, find other sources of information (cite any sources you use), and tell a story. Be as detailed as
possible. All discussion posts are expected to be at least 250 words long.
Imagine A Pie Chart Stomping On An Infographic Forever
By Eronarn May 10th, 2010
http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2010/05/10/imagine-a-pie-chart-stomping-on-an-infographic-forever/
A certain category of design gaffes can be boiled down to violations of audience expectations. Websites
that don’t work in Internet Explorer are a heck of a nasty surprise for users who, bless their souls, want the
same Internet experience as everyone else. Websites that prevent copying, whether through careless text-
as-image conversions or those wretched copyright pop-ups from the turn of the century, cripple a feature
that works nearly everywhere else on the Internet. Avoiding this category of blunders is crucial to good
design, which is why I am upset that one particular pitfall has been overlooked with extreme frequency.
According to statlit.org, statistical literacy is the ability to read and interpret summary statistics in the
everyday media: in graphs, tables, statements, surveys and studies. Statistical literacy is needed by data
consumers.
The importance of statistical literacy in the Internet age is clear, but the concept is not exclusive to
designers. I’d like to focus on it because designers must consider it in a way that most people do not have
to: statistical literacy is more than learning the laws of statistics; it is about representations that the human
mind can understand and remember (source: Psychological Science in the Public Interest).
(A) Can you notice what’s wrong with this infographics? You will find a detailed answer below, in the
showcase of bad infographics.
As a designer, you get to choose those representations. Most of the time this is a positive aspect. Visual
representations allow you to quickly summarize a data set or make connections that might be difficult to
perceive otherwise. Unfortunately, designers too often forget that data exists for more than entertainment
or aesthetics. If you design a visualization before correctly understanding the data on wh.
This document provides guidance on creating effective graphics to accompany written articles. It discusses the importance of understanding the data and context before presenting it visually. Key tips include having a clear purpose for the graphic, asking questions to ensure the appropriate comparisons or explanations are shown, vetting the data thoroughly, and collaborating with editors and designers. The document also lists seven important questions graphic creators should ask themselves to determine the best way to visually convey essential information to readers.
Unit III covers data visualization. It discusses how data visualization tools are needed to analyze and understand large amounts of data. Effective data visualization presents conclusions, chooses appropriate graph types, and ensures visuals accurately reflect numbers to prevent misinterpretations. History of data visualization is discussed using Napoleon's 1812 march as an example. Advantages of data visualization include easily sharing information and exploring opportunities, while disadvantages can include biased information and losing core messages.
This document discusses the importance and role of informational graphics in journalism. It provides examples of different types of graphics like pie charts, bar charts, diagrams and maps. The key points covered are:
1) Graphics help explain complex information visually and make stories more understandable.
2) Different graphic forms like charts, diagrams and maps are best suited to convey different types of information like comparisons, processes and locations.
3) The process of developing effective graphics involves clear conceptualization, thorough research, communication between reporters and designers, and a focus on simplicity.
This document provides guidance on data visualization best practices. It discusses two main reasons to visualize data: for efficient communication and to detect patterns in data. It emphasizes exploiting the human visual system through techniques like Gestalt theory and preattentive attributes. The document provides tips on choosing effective visuals, focusing on the important information, removing clutter, and making visualizations accessible to broader audiences. Throughout, it stresses simplicity, truthful representation of data, and letting data drive visual design choices over aesthetics.
The document discusses several instructional strategies for teaching and learning, including direct, indirect, experiential, and independent strategies. Direct strategies include lecture and explicit teaching, while indirect strategies involve problem solving and inquiry. Experiential strategies incorporate field trips, simulations, and role-playing. Independent strategies comprise essays, computer-assisted instruction, and research projects. The strategies presented require close attention to methods for effectively presenting material in ways that engage students and match their development, interests, and experiences.
The document discusses using visuals to present information and stories in data. It explains that visuals help make ideas more complete, find relationships, make points vivid, emphasize key material, and present information compactly. Different types of visuals like tables, charts, graphs and flowcharts are best suited for certain types of stories and relationships. Design conventions like clear titles, labels, legends and sources should be followed. The best visual depends on whether the reader needs exact values or to see relationships and changes. Matching the right visual to the story is important for effective communication.
Since the instructions for the final project are standardized and .docxedgar6wallace88877
Since the instructions for the final project are standardized and provided by the department, I thought you might appreciate some pointers and key areas of focus to help you navigate this project! Use this in conjunction with your syllabus instructions, which contain detailed content instructions.
Read the syllabus instructions VERY carefully, pay attention to the requirements embedded in the sentences. In fact, I would construct each heading and subheading (YES, use APA formatted subheadings) according to the required areas listed in your instructions. Here are some formatting directions for subheadings and a rough example for organization of your project with subheadings.
APA Headings Level Formatting Guidelines:
1 Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase
2 Left-aligned, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading
3 Indented, boldface, lowercase heading with a period. Begin body text after the period.
4 Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase heading with a period. Begin body text after the period.
5 Indented, italicized, lowercase heading with a period. Begin body text after the period.
Example:
1st page is the TITLE PAGE with Running head- refer to APA guidelines
See how I used proper capitalization for my running head?
Running head: GENDER TRAINING IN THE WORKPLACE
2nd page and remaining pages... The body of your project training program and report. Look up APA formatting: double space entire body, font 12-Times New Roman, 1” margins all sides. Make sure you use proper APA citations in the text (McCarty, 2016) and that those resources are listed on the reference page, including the journal and website citations that you chose.
Introduction and Identification of Problems (1st level)
Participant Name and Problem #1
(You will do this 12 times) (2nd level subheading, left justified, paragraph begins
next line after heading-double space. I will not double space the rest of this example to save space, but don’t forget to do it! Make sure you check your settings to be a true double space-nothing less and nothing more)
Training Program: Session One (8 of these)
Session One Title (2nd level)
Gender and Hostility in the Workplace
Objectives (2nd level)
The goal of this course is to
· define gender,
· define hostility,
· identify areas of hostility…(You can use bullets and or level three subheadings to list/organize).
Problem (2nd level)
State the participants problem(s) you will address with this session
Journal articles and websites
Journal. List one or more peer review (ACADEMIC) article(s) that is relevant to the issue/problem using an APA formatted reference.
Website. List one website that is relevant to the issue/problem and put into APA formatted reference.
Activity
Create and describe an activity that will promote discussion and understanding among the participants.
Activity breakdown. (3rd level subheading). Start text after period. You might want to use this 3rd level subheadin.
Focus on what you learned that made an impression, what may have s.docxkeugene1
Focus on what you learned that made an impression, what may have surprised you, and what you found particularly beneficial and why. Specifically:
What did you find that was really useful, or that challenged your thinking?
What are you still mulling over?
Was there anything that you may take back to your classroom?
Is there anything you would like to have clarified?
ANSWER THE ABOVE QUESTIONS BASED ON THE DOCUMENTS BELOW
Introduction & Goals
This week, we will investigate the distribution of a variable and look at ways to best see the key features of a quantitative variable’s distribution. We will look at visualizations of data, including line plots, frequency tables, stemplots, and histograms. We will hone our ability to describe key features of a distribution from visualizations and use them to compare distributions. We will begin to think about ideas for the Comparative Study by brainstorming in our project groups.
Goals
:
Reinforce the idea that data will vary
Explain what the distribution of variable is
Identify five key features of a distribution: center, spread, shape, clusters & outliers
Identify and create appropriate displays for categorical and quantitative data in one variable, including bar graphs, line plots, frequency tables, and histograms
Analyze distributions using stemplots and histograms
Recognize advantages and limitations of histograms
Begin to explore technology for use in statistics
Begin work on Comparative Study Final Project
DOW #2: How Long Is A Minute?
In week 1, we gathered data for this week’s DoW, addressing the question:
“How long is a minute to an adult?”
This week we'll:
In investigations 1 & 2, you will analyze the data with dot plots, frequency tables, stemplots, and histograms.
In Exercise B2, you will post your initial analysis and interpretation to the discussion board by Wednesday, 10 PM EST and create at least three follow-up posts by Friday, 10 PM EST.
In Exercise D2 & E2, you will post your best histogram to the discussion board by Friday, 10 PM EST. Compare the histograms and choose the one you think best represents the distribution by Sunday, 10 PM EST
Investigation 1: Seeing the Distribution
As we emphasized in Week 1,
data varies
. This point may seem trivial, but it encapsulates one of the most fundamental concepts of statistics:
variability
. Statistical Analysis is really a study of the patterns we find within this variation in the data. The pattern(s) in the variation is called the
distribution
of the variable. Much of statistics focuses on ways to represent and describe the distribution of a variable.
Activities A & B in this investigation focus on representing and describing the distribution.
Activity C introduces Excel as a tool for looking at a distribution.
Inv 1, Activity A: Patterns in the Variation
As we emphasized in Week 1,
data varies
. This point may seem trivial, but it encapsulates one of the most fundamental concepts of statistics:
variability
. Statistical Analy.
bis 155 week 1 ilab data analysis with spreadsheets with lab,bis 155 week 1 quiz data analysis with spreadsheets with lab,bis 155 week 1 to week 5 all quiz,bis 155 week 1 to week 7 all discussions,devry bis 155 week 1,bis 155 week 1,devry bis 155,bis 155,devry bis 155 week 1 tutorial,devry bis 155 week 1 assignment,devry bis 155 week 1 help
This document provides information and guidance about conducting an investigative geography exam, including defining key terms, establishing questions and hypotheses, collecting primary and secondary data, organizing and recording data, and presenting data using various graph types. It discusses qualitative and quantitative data and provides examples of setting up an investigation to analyze how building heights change from suburbs to the city center.
This document provides information and guidance about conducting an investigative geography exam, including defining key terms, establishing questions and hypotheses, collecting primary and secondary data, organizing and recording data, and presenting data using various graph types. It discusses qualitative and quantitative data and provides examples of setting up an investigation to analyze how building heights change from suburbs to the city center.
Data visualization is an interdisciplinary field that deals with the graphic representation of data. It is a particularly efficient way of communicating when the data is numerous as for example a time series.
Mafas Raheem, a lecturer at APU, discusses using Tableau to visualize data. They cover why data visualization is important, best practices for visualization like using color effectively and avoiding pie charts, and an overview of the Tableau interface including shelves, cards, and the data window. The document provides guidance on visualization basics and introduces the Tableau platform.
Database reports provide us with the ability to further analyze ou.docxwhittemorelucilla
Database reports provide us with the ability to further analyze our data, and provide it in a format that can be used to make business decisions. Discuss the steps that you would take to ensure that we create an effective report. What questions would you ask of the users?
Data presentation should be designed to display correct conclusions. What issues should we think about as we prepare data for presentation? Discuss the different methods that we can use to present data in a report. What role does the audience play in selecting how we present the data?
1 PAGE AND A HALF
.
DataInformationKnowledge1. Discuss the relationship between.docxwhittemorelucilla
Data/Information/Knowledge
1. Discuss the relationship between data, information, and knowledge. Support your discussion with at least 3 academically reviewed articles.
2. Why do organization have information deficiency problem? Suggest ways on how to overcome information deficiency problem.
.
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Similar to Data Visualization Exercises Due Wednesday Oct. 17 at 3pm .docx
1- the city that you need to write about.Chicago, ILIndica.docxjeremylockett77
1- the city that you need to write about.
Chicago, IL
Indicate two different criteria that might be used when deciding whether a city might be a good choice for someone in your career field. Please note: you are not arguing here about a specific city itself. Instead, you are suggesting the types of things that could be used, such as the weather.(Don't use this as one of the criteria in your response.) Be sure to state which career field you are referring to.
Explain the reasoning for your criteria in one or more paragraphs for each criterion. Why would these criteria be important in making the decision of whether to move to this city? What types of things would someone need to know in deciding whether these criteria are favorable or not? (For instance, in considering weather, you'd probably want to know average temperature during each season, typical rain or snow outlooks, and any particular threats the city tends to experience due to weather.)
2- the city that you need to write about.
Chicago, IL
Purpose
The report on a city is an analytical report. You will be drawing a conclusion about whether a specific city would be a good location for someone in your career field, based on the specific criteria noted in the report.
One goal of the report is for you to practice coming up with reasonable criteria and applying them in order to draw a well-defended conclusion. Another goal is to practice research skills, including finding, using, and documenting secondary research.
Context
You have received an internship in department of the college where you will receive your degree. You've learned that many students in your field receive job offers that require them to move to another state. As a service, the department wants to prepare reports that give an overview of some of the more popular cities, to help students in their decision of whether to accept the offers when they graduate. You have been assigned a specific city to investigate.
Requirements
I will assign your city, and your report must be on this city. (I am going to assign different cities to each student in class.)
The report must use at least four sources for the information. At least three of these must be secondary sources. If you know someone who has lived in your assigned city, you may interview that person as the fourth source. Give credit to all sources used.
The report must contain at least five criteria that a person would reasonably use in determining whether that city is a good choice for them. It may, of course, contain more than this. We will discuss possible criteria in the discussion this week, but you may use criteria that are not mentioned in the discussion.
The report should be at least five pages long. i anticipate that the visuals used will not take up more than one page of this length.
The report must have at least two visuals (photographs, charts, graphs). If these are copied from someone, give credit to the source.
Structure and Content
The report must be ...
This document provides an overview and introduction to data storytelling. It discusses the importance of visualizing data and why visual perception is important. It covers selecting the right visualizations based on the goal of the message, such as for ranking, distribution, comparison, etc. It also discusses different chart types like bar charts, line charts, trellis charts that can be used to show trends over time, part-to-whole relationships, and comparisons. The document emphasizes crafting the message for the intended audience and knowing the purpose and data.
The document provides information about linear and non-linear texts. It explains that linear texts have a single sequential reading path from beginning to end, while non-linear texts can be read in multiple paths as they include visual elements. Examples of linear texts include novels, poems, and newspaper articles, while non-linear texts may incorporate pictures, graphs, tables, and diagrams. The key difference between the two text types lies in their reading paths and order.
Visuals should be used to present ideas completely, find relationships between concepts, emphasize important material, and present information compactly with less repetition. When selecting visuals, choose the type of visual that best matches the story or relationship you want to convey in the data. Different visual types like pie charts, bar graphs, and tables are better suited for certain types of stories and relationships. It is important to design visuals following conventions like clear titles, labels, sources and fit the visual to the story or relationship in the data.
SOCI 234 Population and Society. Migration HomeworkMust be sub.docxpbilly1
SOCI 234 Population and Society.
Migration Homework
Must be submitted on myCourses via the “Assignment” tab before the start of class on the due date (see syllabus for date).
All homework must be submitted via myCourses. Answers must be typed. Include all formulas used in your answer.[footnoteRef:1] You must submit your homework as one (1) file (only PDF or Word files are acceptable). It is your responsibility to ensure that your file is readable, not corrupt, and includes your entire answer. [1: I recommend using the the equation and symbol features in Word.]
You may help each other but each person must write up and submit their own assignment. Assignments that are too similar (e.g., typed with the exact same answers only a different cover page for each student) will be considered copies and situations of academic misconduct. You need to demonstrate that you completed the work.
The entire assignment is worth 67points. It is only worth 10% of your entire grade. I am not expecting you to conduct outside research for this assignment and extraneous information will not help your grade (it may, in fact, hurt it if the information is wrong).
Round your answers to two decimal places (i.e. 6.05 or 0.87) unless otherwise specified. Be concise and answer the specific question only. The homework is designed to test your knowledge and ability to calculate and interpret demographic equations and values. It is not a research assignment.
You must answer all components. Include interpretations when specified. Include any formulas you use and show as much of your work as reasonably possible. If your final answer is incorrect you may still receive partial credit. You do not need to show every calculation but giving an example or two showing how you are plugging numbers into equations will help earn partial credit if necessary.
For this assignment you are going to calculate and interpret migration rates for Canada and select European countries. You will be using data from two (2) sources. For part 1 on Canada you will continue to use data from Statistics Canada. For part 2 on Europe you will use data made available by Eurostat, the statistical agency of the European Union. As usual, you must use footnotes to include a citation for each data source you use in this assignment.[footnoteRef:2] You should include functioning hyperlinks whenever possible. Note, there are many websites that gather this type of information (e.g IndexMundi). You cannot use these websites as your source. [2: You may not need a separate citation for each number entered into a table. For example, if several pieces of information came from one StatsCan Table you can add the reference after a number and specify in the other information obtained from the same table. Please include hyperlinks to the actual data when possible. StatsCan typically offers a recommended citation at the bottom of each table. You should use that whenever possible.]
Throughout the assignment you.
STA-O Discussion Question Four - Statistics.pdf Discussi.docxdessiechisomjj4
STA-O Discussion Question Four - Statistics.pdf
Discussion Question Four – Statistics
For this week’s discussion read “Imagine a Pie Chart Stomping on an Infographic Forever” by Eronarn
(below).
• Discuss each of the visualizations/infographs.
• Talk about why each infograph (A-M) is ineffective, and what changes could be made to better
represent the data visually.
• Go through the information learned in this article and how you can apply it to your future in design.
Note: Images are linked for a clearer view, and certain portions have been omitted for brevity’s sake.
Your submission is due by Friday at 11:59 p.m EST.
Reference the discussion-grading rubric to understand the expectations for your posts. Use specific
examples, find other sources of information (cite any sources you use), and tell a story. Be as detailed as
possible. All discussion posts are expected to be at least 250 words long.
Imagine A Pie Chart Stomping On An Infographic Forever
By Eronarn May 10th, 2010
http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2010/05/10/imagine-a-pie-chart-stomping-on-an-infographic-forever/
A certain category of design gaffes can be boiled down to violations of audience expectations. Websites
that don’t work in Internet Explorer are a heck of a nasty surprise for users who, bless their souls, want the
same Internet experience as everyone else. Websites that prevent copying, whether through careless text-
as-image conversions or those wretched copyright pop-ups from the turn of the century, cripple a feature
that works nearly everywhere else on the Internet. Avoiding this category of blunders is crucial to good
design, which is why I am upset that one particular pitfall has been overlooked with extreme frequency.
According to statlit.org, statistical literacy is the ability to read and interpret summary statistics in the
everyday media: in graphs, tables, statements, surveys and studies. Statistical literacy is needed by data
consumers.
The importance of statistical literacy in the Internet age is clear, but the concept is not exclusive to
designers. I’d like to focus on it because designers must consider it in a way that most people do not have
to: statistical literacy is more than learning the laws of statistics; it is about representations that the human
mind can understand and remember (source: Psychological Science in the Public Interest).
(A) Can you notice what’s wrong with this infographics? You will find a detailed answer below, in the
showcase of bad infographics.
As a designer, you get to choose those representations. Most of the time this is a positive aspect. Visual
representations allow you to quickly summarize a data set or make connections that might be difficult to
perceive otherwise. Unfortunately, designers too often forget that data exists for more than entertainment
or aesthetics. If you design a visualization before correctly understanding the data on wh.
This document provides guidance on creating effective graphics to accompany written articles. It discusses the importance of understanding the data and context before presenting it visually. Key tips include having a clear purpose for the graphic, asking questions to ensure the appropriate comparisons or explanations are shown, vetting the data thoroughly, and collaborating with editors and designers. The document also lists seven important questions graphic creators should ask themselves to determine the best way to visually convey essential information to readers.
Unit III covers data visualization. It discusses how data visualization tools are needed to analyze and understand large amounts of data. Effective data visualization presents conclusions, chooses appropriate graph types, and ensures visuals accurately reflect numbers to prevent misinterpretations. History of data visualization is discussed using Napoleon's 1812 march as an example. Advantages of data visualization include easily sharing information and exploring opportunities, while disadvantages can include biased information and losing core messages.
This document discusses the importance and role of informational graphics in journalism. It provides examples of different types of graphics like pie charts, bar charts, diagrams and maps. The key points covered are:
1) Graphics help explain complex information visually and make stories more understandable.
2) Different graphic forms like charts, diagrams and maps are best suited to convey different types of information like comparisons, processes and locations.
3) The process of developing effective graphics involves clear conceptualization, thorough research, communication between reporters and designers, and a focus on simplicity.
This document provides guidance on data visualization best practices. It discusses two main reasons to visualize data: for efficient communication and to detect patterns in data. It emphasizes exploiting the human visual system through techniques like Gestalt theory and preattentive attributes. The document provides tips on choosing effective visuals, focusing on the important information, removing clutter, and making visualizations accessible to broader audiences. Throughout, it stresses simplicity, truthful representation of data, and letting data drive visual design choices over aesthetics.
The document discusses several instructional strategies for teaching and learning, including direct, indirect, experiential, and independent strategies. Direct strategies include lecture and explicit teaching, while indirect strategies involve problem solving and inquiry. Experiential strategies incorporate field trips, simulations, and role-playing. Independent strategies comprise essays, computer-assisted instruction, and research projects. The strategies presented require close attention to methods for effectively presenting material in ways that engage students and match their development, interests, and experiences.
The document discusses using visuals to present information and stories in data. It explains that visuals help make ideas more complete, find relationships, make points vivid, emphasize key material, and present information compactly. Different types of visuals like tables, charts, graphs and flowcharts are best suited for certain types of stories and relationships. Design conventions like clear titles, labels, legends and sources should be followed. The best visual depends on whether the reader needs exact values or to see relationships and changes. Matching the right visual to the story is important for effective communication.
Since the instructions for the final project are standardized and .docxedgar6wallace88877
Since the instructions for the final project are standardized and provided by the department, I thought you might appreciate some pointers and key areas of focus to help you navigate this project! Use this in conjunction with your syllabus instructions, which contain detailed content instructions.
Read the syllabus instructions VERY carefully, pay attention to the requirements embedded in the sentences. In fact, I would construct each heading and subheading (YES, use APA formatted subheadings) according to the required areas listed in your instructions. Here are some formatting directions for subheadings and a rough example for organization of your project with subheadings.
APA Headings Level Formatting Guidelines:
1 Centered, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase
2 Left-aligned, Boldface, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading
3 Indented, boldface, lowercase heading with a period. Begin body text after the period.
4 Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase heading with a period. Begin body text after the period.
5 Indented, italicized, lowercase heading with a period. Begin body text after the period.
Example:
1st page is the TITLE PAGE with Running head- refer to APA guidelines
See how I used proper capitalization for my running head?
Running head: GENDER TRAINING IN THE WORKPLACE
2nd page and remaining pages... The body of your project training program and report. Look up APA formatting: double space entire body, font 12-Times New Roman, 1” margins all sides. Make sure you use proper APA citations in the text (McCarty, 2016) and that those resources are listed on the reference page, including the journal and website citations that you chose.
Introduction and Identification of Problems (1st level)
Participant Name and Problem #1
(You will do this 12 times) (2nd level subheading, left justified, paragraph begins
next line after heading-double space. I will not double space the rest of this example to save space, but don’t forget to do it! Make sure you check your settings to be a true double space-nothing less and nothing more)
Training Program: Session One (8 of these)
Session One Title (2nd level)
Gender and Hostility in the Workplace
Objectives (2nd level)
The goal of this course is to
· define gender,
· define hostility,
· identify areas of hostility…(You can use bullets and or level three subheadings to list/organize).
Problem (2nd level)
State the participants problem(s) you will address with this session
Journal articles and websites
Journal. List one or more peer review (ACADEMIC) article(s) that is relevant to the issue/problem using an APA formatted reference.
Website. List one website that is relevant to the issue/problem and put into APA formatted reference.
Activity
Create and describe an activity that will promote discussion and understanding among the participants.
Activity breakdown. (3rd level subheading). Start text after period. You might want to use this 3rd level subheadin.
Focus on what you learned that made an impression, what may have s.docxkeugene1
Focus on what you learned that made an impression, what may have surprised you, and what you found particularly beneficial and why. Specifically:
What did you find that was really useful, or that challenged your thinking?
What are you still mulling over?
Was there anything that you may take back to your classroom?
Is there anything you would like to have clarified?
ANSWER THE ABOVE QUESTIONS BASED ON THE DOCUMENTS BELOW
Introduction & Goals
This week, we will investigate the distribution of a variable and look at ways to best see the key features of a quantitative variable’s distribution. We will look at visualizations of data, including line plots, frequency tables, stemplots, and histograms. We will hone our ability to describe key features of a distribution from visualizations and use them to compare distributions. We will begin to think about ideas for the Comparative Study by brainstorming in our project groups.
Goals
:
Reinforce the idea that data will vary
Explain what the distribution of variable is
Identify five key features of a distribution: center, spread, shape, clusters & outliers
Identify and create appropriate displays for categorical and quantitative data in one variable, including bar graphs, line plots, frequency tables, and histograms
Analyze distributions using stemplots and histograms
Recognize advantages and limitations of histograms
Begin to explore technology for use in statistics
Begin work on Comparative Study Final Project
DOW #2: How Long Is A Minute?
In week 1, we gathered data for this week’s DoW, addressing the question:
“How long is a minute to an adult?”
This week we'll:
In investigations 1 & 2, you will analyze the data with dot plots, frequency tables, stemplots, and histograms.
In Exercise B2, you will post your initial analysis and interpretation to the discussion board by Wednesday, 10 PM EST and create at least three follow-up posts by Friday, 10 PM EST.
In Exercise D2 & E2, you will post your best histogram to the discussion board by Friday, 10 PM EST. Compare the histograms and choose the one you think best represents the distribution by Sunday, 10 PM EST
Investigation 1: Seeing the Distribution
As we emphasized in Week 1,
data varies
. This point may seem trivial, but it encapsulates one of the most fundamental concepts of statistics:
variability
. Statistical Analysis is really a study of the patterns we find within this variation in the data. The pattern(s) in the variation is called the
distribution
of the variable. Much of statistics focuses on ways to represent and describe the distribution of a variable.
Activities A & B in this investigation focus on representing and describing the distribution.
Activity C introduces Excel as a tool for looking at a distribution.
Inv 1, Activity A: Patterns in the Variation
As we emphasized in Week 1,
data varies
. This point may seem trivial, but it encapsulates one of the most fundamental concepts of statistics:
variability
. Statistical Analy.
bis 155 week 1 ilab data analysis with spreadsheets with lab,bis 155 week 1 quiz data analysis with spreadsheets with lab,bis 155 week 1 to week 5 all quiz,bis 155 week 1 to week 7 all discussions,devry bis 155 week 1,bis 155 week 1,devry bis 155,bis 155,devry bis 155 week 1 tutorial,devry bis 155 week 1 assignment,devry bis 155 week 1 help
This document provides information and guidance about conducting an investigative geography exam, including defining key terms, establishing questions and hypotheses, collecting primary and secondary data, organizing and recording data, and presenting data using various graph types. It discusses qualitative and quantitative data and provides examples of setting up an investigation to analyze how building heights change from suburbs to the city center.
This document provides information and guidance about conducting an investigative geography exam, including defining key terms, establishing questions and hypotheses, collecting primary and secondary data, organizing and recording data, and presenting data using various graph types. It discusses qualitative and quantitative data and provides examples of setting up an investigation to analyze how building heights change from suburbs to the city center.
Data visualization is an interdisciplinary field that deals with the graphic representation of data. It is a particularly efficient way of communicating when the data is numerous as for example a time series.
Mafas Raheem, a lecturer at APU, discusses using Tableau to visualize data. They cover why data visualization is important, best practices for visualization like using color effectively and avoiding pie charts, and an overview of the Tableau interface including shelves, cards, and the data window. The document provides guidance on visualization basics and introduces the Tableau platform.
Similar to Data Visualization Exercises Due Wednesday Oct. 17 at 3pm .docx (20)
Database reports provide us with the ability to further analyze ou.docxwhittemorelucilla
Database reports provide us with the ability to further analyze our data, and provide it in a format that can be used to make business decisions. Discuss the steps that you would take to ensure that we create an effective report. What questions would you ask of the users?
Data presentation should be designed to display correct conclusions. What issues should we think about as we prepare data for presentation? Discuss the different methods that we can use to present data in a report. What role does the audience play in selecting how we present the data?
1 PAGE AND A HALF
.
DataInformationKnowledge1. Discuss the relationship between.docxwhittemorelucilla
Data/Information/Knowledge
1. Discuss the relationship between data, information, and knowledge. Support your discussion with at least 3 academically reviewed articles.
2. Why do organization have information deficiency problem? Suggest ways on how to overcome information deficiency problem.
.
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State Legislatures
(Part I)
POLS 2212
Legislatures, Policy-Making, and Political Science
• Legislative process is only one part of policy-making
• States are better venue for understanding policy-making
process overall
• Interactions between components are more transparent
• Less ‘political theater’ than national level
• More cases, more variation, more data
• What role do legislatures play in the overall policy-making
process??
• How do legislative-executive relations affect policy outcomes??
Agenda Setting
Formulation /
Negotiation
Adoption /
Enactment
Implementation
Evaluation
Revision /
Termination
• Public attention is focused on an issue
• Collective recognition of problem
Agenda Setting
• Potential solutions are offered
• Some public discourse over options
Formulation / Negotiation
•
Solution
is agreed upon and made into official policy /
law
Adoption / Enactment
• Policy is converted into actionable rules
Implementation
• Fairness, effectiveness, efficiency of policy and rules are
evaluated
Evaluation
• Improvements or changes to policy are made
Revision / Termination
Agenda Setting
• Parties
• Public opinion
• Advocacy groups /
entrepreneurs
Formulation /
Negotiation
• Party leadership
• Interest groups
• Legislature type
• Legislative-executive
relations
Adoption / Enactment
• Legislative-executive
relations
Implementation
• Type of executive
• Bureaucracy
Evaluation
• Social scientists
• Advocacy groups
• Legislative
committees
• State courts
Revision / Termination
• State courts
• Federal courts
‘Professional’
Model
‘Citizen-
Legislator’
Model
Work Load
Nearly full-
time
Part-time
Session
Year-round,
annual
Short-term,
possibly
biannual
Compensation
Medium-high
(over median
for state
employees)
Fairly low
Staff
Large, semi-
permanent
Small, likely
shared
Conceptualizing State Legislatures
Professional Hybrid / Mixture Citizen
State Legislatures
• GA Legislature
• $17k base +per
diem
• $22k – $24k total
Discussion Question
• What are some of the potential benefits /
drawbacks of each of these two models??
State Legislatures and Political Careers (Peverill Squire)
• ‘Career’ Legislatures (Congress)
• Sufficiently high pay
• Minimal incentive to ‘move up’
• Expectation of long tenure
• Heavy time commitment
• ‘Springboard’ Legislatures
• Other positions have higher pay, more prestige
• Expectation of limited tenure
• May be term lim.
DataIDSalaryCompa-ratioMidpoint AgePerformance RatingServiceGenderRaiseDegreeGender1GradeDo not manipuilate Data set on this page, copy to another page to make changes154.50.956573485805.70METhe ongoing question that the weekly assignments will focus on is: Are males and females paid the same for equal work (under the Equal Pay Act)? 228.30.913315280703.90MBNote: to simplfy the analysis, we will assume that jobs within each grade comprise equal work.334.11.100313075513.61FB460.91.06857421001605.51METhe column labels in the table mean:549.21.0254836901605.71MDID – Employee sample number Salary – Salary in thousands 674.11.1066736701204.51MFAge – Age in yearsPerformance Rating - Appraisal rating (employee evaluation score)741.41.0344032100815.71FCService – Years of service (rounded)Gender – 0 = male, 1 = female 822.80.992233290915.81FAMidpoint – salary grade midpoint Raise – percent of last raise9731.089674910010041MFGrade – job/pay gradeDegree (0= BS\BA 1 = MS)1023.31.014233080714.71FAGender1 (Male or Female)Compa-ratio - salary divided by midpoint1124.31.05723411001914.81FA1259.71.0475752952204.50ME1341.81.0444030100214.70FC14251.08523329012161FA1522.60.983233280814.91FA1648.51.213404490405.70MC1763.11.1075727553131FE1836.21.1673131801115.60FB1923.91.039233285104.61MA2035.51.1443144701614.80FB2178.91.1786743951306.31MF2257.61.199484865613.81FD2322.20.964233665613.30FA2453.41.112483075913.80FD2523.61.0282341704040MA2622.30.971232295216.20FA2746.21.156403580703.91MC2874.41.111674495914.40FF2975.61.129675295505.40MF3047.50.9894845901804.30MD3122.90.995232960413.91FA3228.10.906312595405.60MB3363.71.117573590905.51ME3426.90.869312680204.91MB3522.70.987232390415.30FA3624.41.059232775314.30FA3723.81.034232295216.20FA3864.61.1335745951104.50ME3937.31.202312790615.50FB4023.71.031232490206.30MA4140.31.008402580504.30MC4224.41.0592332100815.71FA4372.31.0796742952015.50FF4465.91.1565745901605.21ME4549.91.040483695815.21FD4657.41.0075739752003.91ME47560.982573795505.51ME4868.11.1955734901115.31FE4966.21.1615741952106.60ME5061.71.0835738801204.60ME
Week 1Week 1: Descriptive Statistics, including ProbabilityWhile the lectures will examine our equal pay question from the compa-ratio viewpoint, our weekly assignments will focus onexamining the issue using the salary measure.The purpose of this assignmnent is two fold:1. Demonstrate mastery with Excel tools.2. Develop descriptive statistics to help examine the question.3. Interpret descriptive outcomesThe first issue in examining salary data to determine if we - as a company - are paying males and females equally for doing equal work is to develop somedescriptive statistics to give us something to make a preliminary decision on whether we have an issue or not.1Descriptive Statistics: Develop basic descriptive statistics for SalaryThe first step in analyzing data sets is to find some summary descriptive statistics for key variables. Suggestion: Copy the gender1 and salary columns from the Data tab t.
DataCity1997 Median Price1997 Change1998 Forecast1993-98 Annualize.docxwhittemorelucilla
This document provides a course syllabus for History 2030: Tennessee History at an unnamed university. The syllabus outlines key details about the course including the instructor's contact information, course description and purpose, learning outcomes, instructional methodology, evaluation procedures, course schedule, attendance policy, and accommodations for students with disabilities. The course surveys the geographical background, peoples, political life, economic and social development of Tennessee from its earliest beginnings to the present. Students will be evaluated based on exams, research assignments, and presentations to demonstrate their mastery of Tennessee history and ability to think critically about historical interpretations.
The document summarizes research on the harms of corporal punishment of children and argues that legal reform prohibiting it can be an effective strategy for changing social norms and practices. It describes experiences in Sweden and New Zealand, where legal bans on corporal punishment were accompanied by significant declines in support for the practice and reports of it occurring. While public opinion often lags legal changes initially, studies found dramatic shifts in attitudes and self-reported experiences of corporal punishment over time in both countries following prohibition.
Database Project Charter/Business Case
Khalia Hart
University of Maryland Global Campus
February 21, 2020
Introduction
A database is an electronic collection of data that is built by a user so that they can access, update particular information in the database coherently or rapidly. Today firms employ integrated technology to increase their capacity to serve more clients, keep information well or effectively, organize activities according to the urgency or priorities, accounting records (Tüttelmann F, 2015). Most of the integrated technology depends on multiple databases that supply information relevant in making the decision. Since the business started using databases, their performance increase because the business decisions they make are sound and practical.
Business Problem
The supply chain management is one of the most complicated processes in the business and often at times due to need of detail it gets hard for the supply chain manager to keep the record of the work covered effectively, have enough data to make the decision and also have enough data to monitor the chain of operation (William, 2019). The supply chain has been so crucial for the business because it determines the performance of the company in the industry by assessing the quality of the product produced in the organization, cost of production, the time and effectiveness of distribution network, and overall production operation of the organization.
Operation management has been named as the leading cause of business failure caused by a lack of a system, which the manager or the supervisor can use to monitor the whole system. This is the problem to solve using the database (William, 2019). Using a database, the manager can observe or watch the entire chain from their office, make better decisions by fore- planning approach of the database also make changes within the system when there is the need to cut costs or making the process effective.
Project Scope
Most business organizations are spread in operation, and this is the challenge that makes the supply chain management complex (Tüttelmann F, 2015). This is because the chain is in different localities, and therefore, coordination of operation among the user or the workers becomes a challenge. Through the database system, the business will enjoy proper coordination using the wide Area Network (LAN). Through the LAN network, the company can link computers and cost-effectively share data and communication. Through this system, the company will have a connection and coordination of the processes within the organization. The number of connected devices will range from 10 to 1000, depending on the type of tools and system that is set to facilitate this connection.
Goals and objectives of the system
The purpose of the system that I want to install in the supply chain management is to;
· Monitoring of the supply chain- the system will enable the manager to monitor the system and every process in the order (Gattor.
Databases selected Multiple databases...Full Text (1223 .docxwhittemorelucilla
Kraft reformed Oreo cookies to make them more successful in China. They made the cookies less sweet to suit Chinese tastes, sold them in smaller, cheaper packages, and marketed them with a "dunking" theme. This involved training student brand ambassadors to educate consumers about dipping cookies in milk. Kraft also introduced a Chinese-style Oreo wafer stick that surpassed regular Oreos in sales. These reforms helped Oreo become the best-selling biscuit in China.
DATABASE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT & IMPLEMENTATION PLAN1DATABASE SYS.docxwhittemorelucilla
DATABASE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT & IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 1
DATABASE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT & IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 19
Table of Contents
1. Database System Overview 3
1.1 Business Environment 3
1.2 Database system goals and objective 4
2. Entity Relationship Model 7
2.1 Proposed entities 7
2.2 Business rules 8
2.3 Entity–Relationship Model 9
2.3.1 Relationship Types 9
2.3.2 Normalization form 12
2.3.3 Benefit of using database design 14
3. Structured Query Language (SQL) Scripts 15
3.1 Data definition language (DDL) 15
3.2 Data manipulation language (DML) 16
3.3 SQL report 17
3.4 Benefit of using database queries 19
4. Database Administration Plan 20
5. Future Database System Implementation Plan 21
6. References 22
1.
Database System Overview
1.1 Business Environment
Office Depot, Inc is an American retail store company founded in 1986 and headquartered in Florida, United States. The company provides office and school supplies with 1400 retail stores and e-commerce sites. The supply includes everything to their customer like latest technology, core school and office supplies, printing and documenting service, furniture and other services like cell phone repair, tech and marketing service etc.
Recently there were too many complaints from existing and new customer that the online site is super glitch and lagging. Another customer posted that the delivery did not come on the scheduled day. And they cannot track down the order because the website does not have tracking information. Also when the website is down, customer service cannot help to see the order details either and therefore, they feel it’s frustrating to order online and therefore want to cancel the order. One other customer posted in the website grievance section that the “label maker” showed available in the stock even though it was out of stock when verified with the customer service representative. With every product not in stock, we lose opportunity of sale which costs the store. This not only affect customer but also affect company. We are so dependent on the data, most of the time staff has to correct accounting report, sales estimates and invoice customer manually which is very time-consuming in an excel sheet.
In order to solve above issues and avoid sales loss, Office Depot must have a database to store and maintain correct count of the products. This database will help inventory management i.e. tracking products, update inventory, find popular or less popular item, loss prevention, track inventory status and perform data mining. The staff can access this database via a computerized database. (Gerald H., Importance of inventory database retail)1.2 Database system goals and objective
The mission of the company is to become number one retail company by creating inclusive environment and great shopping experience where both customer and employees are respected and valued. To achieve the retail store mission, we are committed to provide secure and robust data base system for ou.
Database Security Assessment Transcript You are a contracting office.docxwhittemorelucilla
Database Security Assessment Transcript You are a contracting officer's technical representative, a Security System Engineer, at a military hospital. Your department's leaders are adopting a new medical health care database management system. And they've tasked you to create a request for proposal for which different vendors will compete to build and provide to the hospital. A Request For Proposal, or RFP, is when an organization sends out a request for estimates on performing a function, delivering a technology, or providing a service or augmenting staff. RFPs are tailored to each endeavor but have common components and are important in the world of IT contracting and for procurement and acquisitions. To complete the RFP, you must determine the technical and security specifications for the system. You'll write the requirements for the overall system and also provide evaluation standards that will be used in rating the vendor's performance. Your learning will help you determine your system's requirements. As you discover methods of attack, you'll write prevention and remediation requirements for the vendor to perform. You must identify the different vulnerabilities the database should be hardened against.
Modern healthcare systems incorporate databases for effective and efficient management of patient healthcare. Databases are vulnerable to cyberattacks and must be designed and built with security controls from the beginning of the life cycle. Although hardening the database early in the life cycle is better, security is often incorporated after deployment, forcing hospital and healthcare IT professionals to play catch-up. Database security requirements should be defined at the requirements stage of acquisition and procurement.
System security engineers and other acquisition personnel can effectively assist vendors in building better healthcare database systems by specifying security requirements up front within the request for proposal (RFP). In this project, you will be developing an RFP for a new medical healthcare database management system.
Parts of your deliverables will be developed through your learning lab. You will submit the following deliverables for this project:
Deliverables
• An RFP, about 10 to 12 pages, in the form of a double-spaced Word document with citations in APA format. The page count does not include figures, diagrams, tables, or citations. There is no penalty for using additional pages. Include a minimum of six references. Include a reference list with the report.
• An MS-Excel spreadsheet with lab results.
There are 11 steps in this project. You will begin with the workplace scenario and continue with Step 1: "Provide an Overview for Vendors."
Step 1: Provide an Overview for Vendors
As the contracting officer's technical representative (COTR), you are the liaison between your hospital and potential vendors. It is your duty to provide vendors with an overview of your organization. To do so, identify infor.
Database Design Mid Term ExamSpring 2020Name ________________.docxwhittemorelucilla
Database Design Mid Term Exam
Spring 2020
Name: ____________________________
1. What is a data model?
A. method of storing files on a disk drive
B. simple representation of complex real-world data structures
C. name of system for designing software
D. method of designing invoices for customers
2. A Relationship Database system consists of 3 parts: a client front end for sending information to a command processor, a middle tier that interprets user commands, and a management frame work for storing, organizing and securing data.
a. True
b. False
3. What are the 3 components of a table:
A. Row, column, value
B. Row, top, bottom
C. Column, row, top
D. Top, middle, end
4. What does the column represent in a table?
a. Attribute of the table records
b. A complete record in the table
c. The system log from the database
d. A list of database tables
5. What does a row in the table represent?
a. A complete data record
b. List of system logs
c. A list of file systems on database server
d. The primary keys from all the tables.
6. Which of the following is an example of data definition language (DDL)?
a. UPDATE
b. V$SYSLOG
c. CREATE
d. DETAIN
7 . Which of the following is an example of data manipulation language (DML)?
A. SELECT
B. ABORT
C. GRANT
D. REVOKE
8. A _______ key is an attribute that uniquely identifies a record in a table.
9. A _______ key is an attribute that is a primary key in one table and is used as a reference in a second table to establish a relationship between the two tables.
10. When running a ‘SELECT’ join, what is returned from the table:
A. ROW
B. Column
C. single attribute
D. all tables in the database
11. When running a ‘PROJECT’ join, what is returned from the table:
A. COLUMN
B. ROW
C. Single Attribute
D. a list of tables in the database
12. What are the 3 types of relationships commonly shown on an entity relationship diagram?
A. 1 to 1
B. 1 to Many
C. Many to Many
D. All the above
E. None of the above
13. What is an entity relationship diagram (ERD)?
A. graphical representation of all entities in a database and how the entities are related
b. list of the log files in the database.
C. list of all the tablespace names in a database
D. A diagram that shows how data is written to a physical disk drive.
14. The definition of an attribute in a table that has no value is:
A. ZERO
b. NULL
c. ZILTCH
D. NONE
15. A ____________ attribute can either be stored on retrieve on an ad hoc basis.
16. Briefly describe the advantages and disadvantages of storing a derived attribute?
17. A database can process many types of data classifications. Which of the following is not a data classification or architecture that databases can process:
A. Structured
B. Semi-structured
C. undelimited
D. Unstructured
18. The process by which functional/partial dependency and transitive dependency is removed from a database table is called:
a. sharding
b. normalization
c. defragmentation
d. reallocation
.
Database Justification MemoCreate a 1-page memo for the .docxwhittemorelucilla
This document contains two proposed memos. The first recommends migrating from a static website to a database driven application system, noting the benefits of databases in managing dynamic content and data while also acknowledging potential drawbacks. The second memo advocates for using web services and highlights considerations around security, scalability to large volumes of traffic, and compatibility across different devices and platforms.
Database Dump Script(Details of project in file)Mac1) O.docxwhittemorelucilla
Database Dump Script
(Details of project in file)
Mac:
1) Open up the terminal, or if already in MySQL, get out by typing "exit" and pressing enter.
2) Type:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump -u root -p [database name] > /tmp/filename.txt
...where [database name] is the name of the database you want to export. When prompted, type the password. Check the /tmp file for your output.
.
Database Design 1. What is a data model A. method of sto.docxwhittemorelucilla
Database Design
1. What is a data model?
A. method of storing files on a disk drive
B. simple representation of complex real-world data structures
C. name of system for designing software
D. method of designing invoices for customers
2. Which of the following are the most important elements of a security program for databases:
a. Integrity, referential index, user rights
b. Confidentiality. Integrity and Availability
c. Availability, multi-master replication, high-bandwidth
d. DBA, System Admin, and PMO
3. Suppose that you have a table with a number of product sales. The product code may repeat in the table as it is likely the same product could be sold multiple times. If you want to produce a list of the unique products that are sold, you could use which of the following keywords in the SELECT statement:
A. LIKE
B. ORDERED BY
C. DISTINCT
D. DIFFERENT
4. What does the column represent in a table?
a. Attribute of the table records
b. A complete record in the table
c. The system log from the database
d. A list of database tables
5. What does a row in the table represent?
a. A complete data record
b. List of system logs
c. A list of file systems on database server
d. The primary keys from all the tables.
6. Which of the following is an example of data definition language (DDL)?
a. UPDATE
b. V$SYSLOG
c. CREATE
d. DETAIN
7 . Which of the following is an example of data manipulation language (DML)?
A. SELECT
B. ABORT
C. GRANT
D. REVOKE
8. A _____________ key is an attribute that uniquely identifies a record in a table.
9. A _____________ key is an attribute that is a primary key in one table and is used as a reference in a second table to establish a relationship between the two tables.
10. When running a ‘SELECT’ join, what is returned from the table:
A. ROW
B. Column
C. single attribute
D. all tables in the database
11. When running a ‘PROJECT’ join, what is returned from the table:
A. COLUMN
B. ROW
C. Single Attribute
D. a list of tables in the database
12. What are the 3 types of relationships commonly shown on an entity relationship diagram?
A. 1 to 1
B. 1 to Many
C. Many to Many
D. All the above
E. None of the above
13. What is an entity relationship diagram (ERD)?
A. graphical representation of all entities in a database and how the entities are related
b. list of the log files in the database.
C. list of all the tablespace names in a database
D. A diagram that shows how data is written to a physical disk drive.
14. The definition of an attribute in a table that has no value is:
A. ZERO
b. NULL
c. ZILTCH
D. NONE
15. A __________ attribute can either be stored on retrieve on an ad hoc basis.
16. Which of the following is not considered a characteristic of distributed management systems:
a. Concurrency Control
b. Business intelligence
c. Transaction management
d. query optimization
17. A database can process many types of data classifications. Which of the following is not a data class.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
Data Visualization Exercises Due Wednesday Oct. 17 at 3pm .docx
1. Data Visualization Exercises
Due: Wednesday Oct. 17 at 3pm
Submit your assignment as a pdf file via the compass course
space.
Exercise 1
The following tree map provides information about land area
and population density for states in regions of the
United States of America.
For this visualization do the following:
• Consider the Dos and Don’ts of good data visualization
discussed in class. Comment on at least 3 ways in
which this visualization should be improved to make the
information displayed more informative and
understandable.
• Comment on the fundamental comparisons being made in this
plot. What questions of interest can be
easily answered with this plot?
• Summarize the key takeaways from the graphic. What can we
say about population and land distribution
across and within regions of the USA based on this
visualization?
2. Exercise 2
The following is a chord diagram illustrating migration patterns
across regions of the United States. In the
diagram, each region has its own axis, and chords represent
migration from one region to another. The color of
the chord is for the region individuals migrated from, and there
is a small white strip on the starting side of the
chord.
For this visualization do the following:
• Consider the Dos and Don’ts of good data visualization
discussed in class. Comment on at least 3 ways in
which this visualization should be improved to make the
information displayed more informative and
understandable.
• Comment on how the 5 Basic Tactics discussed in class (size,
position, shape, color, and connectedness)
are used in this visualization. Note: It is possible that not all 5
are used.
• Summarize the key takeaways from the graphic. What can we
say about population migration across and
within the specified regions of the USA based on this
visualization?
Exercises 3 and 4
Using software of your choice, create the graphics described
from the data in the MigrationData.csv file attached
to this assignment. This is the region to region migration data
from the chord diagram in Exercise 2. The data is
based on the State-to-State Migration Flows: 2015 data set from
the United States Census Bureaui. In
3. MigrationData.csv, the rows are the regions of origin (the
region migrants started out in) and the columns are the
destination regions (where they moved to).
Be sure to use tactics discussed in class to clearly establish
what data is being compared and to make the desired
comparison as clear as possible.
Exercise 3
The chord diagram is very complete, but a similar diagram may
be useful for comparing proportions for a given
region and making a simple comparison of proportions across
regions. Create a graphic or set of graphics that
allows for easy comparison of absolute number of migrants to
each region for each of the four region.
Exercise 4
Create a graphic that allows for easy comparison of the ratio of
immigrants (those moving into a region from a
different region) to emigrants (those moving out of the region)
for the 4 regions. For this graphic we are focused
on exits from and entrances into regions, so migration counts
within region (i.e. same origin and destination
value) will be omitted entirely.
i The original data is available through the State-to-State
Migration Flows: 2015 link as
State_to_State_Migrations_Table_2015.xls on
https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-
series/demo/geographic-
mobility/state-to-state-migration.html
5. • Analysis is the act of saying something interesting about the
data.
Data Analysis and the
Goal of Visualizing Data
• The FUNDAMENTAL UNIT of Data Analysis is the
comparison of two
numbers.
– It is the building block. The cell.
– In the previous example, we have two key comparisons: 1)
sales this month vs.
sales the previous month, and 2) this year’s change in sales vs.
last year’s
change in sales.
• When you create a chart, graph or other visualization, your
only goal
should be to make the comparisons of the numbers easier for the
user.
Otherwise you can just give him the numbers, no need for a
picture!
Data Visualization
Basic Manners
DO
• Have scales available wherever needed. Ensure
the units of your scale are intuitive and are clearly
6. displayed.
• Label your axes and add a succinct and
descriptive title to the chart.
• Label anything that is not obvious. E.g. if data
points are in two different colors, there had
better be a difference between them and a label
saying what it is.
• Note sample size in small print on the margin of
the graph, unless it is obvious in context.
• Annotate your graph with any important
additional information. For example, on a time-
series graph, denoting important concurrent
events is key.
• Cite your sources in footnotes where necessary.
Also include any explanatory footnotes for
methodology that may not be intuitive.
DON’T
• DON’T BE SLOPPY! Don’t have labels or other stuff
overlapping each other. Don’t have titles off-
center. Don’t let a single outlier dominate the
scale.
• Don’t use gridlines unless absolutely necessary.
They are a waste of ink and create visual clutter. If
there is an important threshold associated with
your data (i.e. a point where above/below is
important in context) then add a single gridline
for that threshold manually.
7. • If you absolutely must use gridlines, use the
lightest shade possible, and use as few lines as
possible (the largest unit possible between each
line).
• Don’t use obtrusive typeface. Stick to the basics:
TNR, Calibri, TeX fonts, etc... Try to keep it
consistent with the rest of your document.
• Don’t put the data values on the graph unless it’s
truly necessary (more on this later).
Data Visualization
Basic Manners (Dos & Don’ts)
DO: Have scales available wherever needed. Ensure the units of
your scale are intuitive
and clearly displayed.
Temp (C °)
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8. -20
-10 0
10
10
10
20
20
30
30
Global Temperature Measurements But wait: which
one is hot and
which is cold? And
how much hotter
or colder?
It turns out the data was gathered in December, so
the Southern Hemisphere is warmer.
Data Visualization
Basic Manners (Dos & Don’ts)
DO: Label your axes and add a succinct and descriptive title to
the chart.
Ja
12. Mike's Expenditures by Month
on Alcohol
BORING!!
Expenditures by
Who?
And for what?
And how
much did they
Spend?
Oh, well that’s more
interesting...
(R
ed
ac
te
d
to
P
ro
te
ct
M
ik
13. e)
Data Visualization
Basic Manners (Dos & Don’ts)
DO: Annotate your graph with any important additional
information. For example, on a
time-series graph, denoting important concurrent events is key.
Ja
n-
07
A
pr
-0
7
Ju
l-0
7
O
ct
-0
7
Ja
n-
17. July 2009: Trip to
Nantucket with buddies
for the 4th of July
May 2010: Two-week trip to
brother’s graduation & a
Canadian wedding
Ok Let’s Admit it: Summer is
the time for partying.
July 2010 & Beyond:
girlfriend moves to
Minneapolis; weekend
travel curtails partying...
Data Visualization
Basic Manners (Dos & Don’ts)
DO: Label anything that is not obvious. E.g. if data points are
in two different colors,
there had better be a difference between them and a label saying
what it is.
DO: Note sample size in small print on the margin of the graph,
unless it is obvious in
context.
DO: Cite your sources in footnotes where necessary. Also
include any explanatory
footnotes for methodology that may not be intuitive.
N = 30
Source: Fox News
18. Data Visualization
Basic Manners (Dos & Don’ts)
DON’T: DON’T BE SLOPPY! Don’t have labels or other stuff
overlapping each other.
Don’t have titles off-center. Don’t let a single outlier dominate
the scale.
Barry Bonds
Adrian BeltreAlbert PujolsScott Rolen
Jim Edmonds
J.D. DrewLance Berkman
Roger Clemens
Mark Loretta
Aramis RamirezCarlos BeltranJeff KentMoises Alou
Steve Finley
Todd Helton
.000
.100
.200
.300
.400
19. .500
.600
.700
.800
.900
.000 .100 .200 .300 .400 .500 .600 .700
Sl
u
gg
in
g
Pc
t.
On-Base Pct.
2004 Baseball MVP Top Vote-Getters
OBP vs. Slugging
How many things can you find that are wrong with this?
• Title centered over data, not whole picture.
• Labels are a mess
• Roger Clemens is an outlier because he is a pitcher,
doesn’t belong on the graph
• Vivid blue is obtrusive.
20. Barry Bonds
Adrian Beltre
Albert Pujols
Scott Rolen
Jim Edmonds
J.D.
Drew
Lance Berkman
Mark Loretta
Aramis Ramirez
Carlos
BeltranJeff Kent
Moises Alou
Steve Finley
Todd Helton
.400
.450
.500
.550
21. .600
.650
.700
.750
.800
.850
.300 .350 .400 .450 .500 .550 .600 .650
Sl
ug
gi
ng
P
ct
.
On-Base Pct.
2004 Baseball MVP Top Vote-Getters
OBP vs. Slugging
Slight Improvement
Data Visualization
Basic Manners (Dos & Don’ts)
22. DON’T: Don’t use gridlines unless absolutely necessary. They
are a waste of ink and
create visual clutter. If there is an important threshold
associated with your
data (i.e. a point where above/below is important in context)
then add a single
gridline for that threshold manually.
If you absolutely must use gridlines, use the lightest shade
possible, and use as
few lines as possible (the largest unit possible between each
line).
DON’T: Don’t use obtrusive typeface. Stick to the basics: TNR,
Calibri, TeX fonts, etc...
Try to keep it consistent with the rest of your document.
DON’T: Don’t put the data values on the graph unless it’s truly
necessary (more on this
later).
Basic Tactics
Features of Quality Data Visualization
1. Representationally Faithful
– The data scales that your graphic
suggests should be accurate, or should
be explicitly noted as not to scale.
2. Simple
– Don’t make the user work hard to
figure out what the graphic is saying.
23. 3. Comprehensive
– If more context is helpful and you have
the real estate to provide it, then do
so.
4. Interesting
– Don’t make a graphic that doesn’t have
something interesting to say about the
data. The Trifecta (at right) should be in
harmony.
What is the
Question Of
Interest?
What Does
the Data
Say?
What Does
the Graphic
Say?
The Data Visualization Trifecta3
3This is also from Kaiser Fung at Junk Charts. He also has a
book called Numbers Rule Your World. Consider this a plug,
though I have not read it.
24. Features of Quality Data Visualization
Representationally Faithful: Bad Example
Stocks Bonds
Stocks Bonds
I asked my investment manager how much of my money was in
stocks vs. bonds, which of these
should he send me?
Remember that the goal is to help the viewer compare two
numbers. Otherwise it’s just fluff.
Features of Quality Data Visualization
Simplicity: Bad Example
00:00
00:43
01:26
02:10
02:53
11:40
18:52
26:04
33:16
55. Fo
ur
s
M
en
Yo
ut
h
Fo
ur
s
W
om
en
Head of the Charles Regatta
Projected vs. Actual Fastest & Slowest Boats
StdDev of OfficialTime Rabbit_Proj Rabbit_Act Avg
Caboose_Act Caboose_Proj
Question: Where in the Schedule can we
save time by revising our projections of the
fastest and slowest boat?
Features of Quality Data Visualization
Simplicity: Bad Example
87. en
Head of the Charles Regatta
Projected vs. Actual Fastest & Slowest Boats
StdDev of OfficialTime Rabbit_Proj Rabbit_Act Avg
Caboose_Act Caboose_Proj
Full name of each event is completely un-
necessary, abbreviations are fine. Visual aide
in grouping, such as lines or color coding,
would be helpful.
What good are the gridlines here?
Standard Deviation adds nothing to
the meaning of the graph, should
be removed, or at very least in a
light grey without a border to
blend in better.
The goal here is to understand where in the
schedule we can save time by revising our
projections of the fastest and slowest boat.
But here we have to work very hard to do
that.
Features of Quality Data Visualization
Simplicity: Bad Example Improved
12:58
15:50
88. 18:43
21:36
24:29
27:22
30:14
33:07
36:00
38:53
41:46
Head of the Charles Regatta
Projected vs. Actual Fastest & Slowest Boats
Positive Margin* Negative Margin Boats on Course Avg
* Note: For fastest boats, positive margin indicates projected is
faster than actual. For slowest boats, positive
margin indicates projected is slower than actual.
Features of Quality Data Visualization
Comprehensive: Same Example
12:58
15:50
89. 18:43
21:36
24:29
27:22
30:14
33:07
36:00
38:53
41:46
Head of the Charles Regatta
Projected vs. Actual Fastest & Slowest Boats
Positive Margin* Negative Margin Boats on Course Avg
* Note: For fastest boats, positive margin indicates projected is
faster than actual. For slowest boats, positive
margin indicates projected is slower than actual.
This graph shows:
1. Every event in the whole
regatta
2. How long each event takes in
the schedule
3. Whether we have room for
90. error or we are taking a risk
4. The average time for each
event
And all of that in the blink of an
eye.
Features of Quality Data Visualization
Interesting: Same Example
12:58
15:50
18:43
21:36
24:29
27:22
30:14
33:07
36:00
38:53
41:46
Head of the Charles Regatta
91. Projected vs. Actual Fastest & Slowest Boats
Positive Margin* Negative Margin Boats on Course Avg
* Note: For fastest boats, positive margin indicates projected is
faster than actual. For slowest boats, positive
margin indicates projected is slower than actual.
Let’s Examine the Data Trifecta:
1. What is the Question? Do we
have need to improve our
projections of the fastest and
slowest boats?
2. What does the data say? Yes,
for some events, there is as
much as 3 minutes of fat. For
others, we will most likely run
over the scheduled time.
3. What does the graphic say?
Some big green lines, and some
big red lines, just like the data!
Basic Tactics
Ways to Represent Data Visually
1. Size
– Very common: the larger the item, the
larger the value being represented.
– E.g. a bar graph or pie chart, or in a
92. bubble chart.
2. Position
– Relative to a scale, can convey size (e.g.
in a scatter plot).
– Relative to other data points, can convey
order (e.g. rank order, time order)
– In a group or cluster, can convey
similarity
3. Shape
– Basic shapes can be used for data
markers to convey grouping
– Can be used to convey some feature of
physical shape if applicable
There are many different ways to use visual features of a
graphic to represent data. A good
graphic will use many of these at the same time. Here are some
of the most common:
4. Color
– Color scale is a very effective way of
showing magnitude of a data value;
easily combined with other methods
shown here.
– Can be used similar to shape to convey
groupings, but with a natural association
for the user (e.g. red for loss, black for
93. profit. Red for hot, blue for cold, etc...)
5. Connectedness
– Shows that two items are naturally
related or “connected” to each other. E.g.
for a time series.
– Can be used to convey order when
position is used for something else.
Ways to Represent Data Visually
Example: Size & Position
Marimekko of U.S. Government Spending (N.Y. Times):
– Size indicates amount. Position within box indicates category.
– Interactive graphic, enables drill down into category detail.
Link
http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/newsgraphics/2011/011
9-budget/
Ways to Represent Data Visually
Example: Position
XKCD: Movie Narrative ChartsCitation: XKCDLink
http://xkcd.com/657/
Ways to Represent Data Visually
Example: Shape
94. Citation: XKCD
Link
http://xkcd.com/388/
Ways to Represent Data Visually
Example: Connectedness & Position
Citation: XKCD
Link
http://xkcd.com/1056/
Ways to Represent Data Visually
Example: Color & Position
• This is called a “Cloropleth” or a “Heat Map”
– Name two reasons why this is not a very interesting
informative.
1. No scale
2. No historical perspective (when is this data from?)
Source:
Flowing Data
Link
U.S. Unemployment by County
http://flowingdata.com/2009/11/12/how-to-make-a-us-county-
thematic-map-using-free-tools/
Ways to Represent Data Visually
95. Example: Size & Position
Bubble Chart of U.S. Insurance Industry Financial Performance
ACE
TRV
CB
ALL
PGR
XL
CINF
WRB RNR
TRH
HCC
VRAWH
THG
RLI
SIGI
TWGP
HMN
SAFT
98. Pretty close, but debatable.
Basic Tactics
Guiding the Viewer’s Eye
• The viewer’s eye will go first toward the boldest lines and the
most vivid
colors, so use those to represent the most important items.
– Thicker lines = Bolder
– Bright Red, Blue, Green & Yellow are usually the most vivid,
don’t use those
unless you want to yell. THINK OF IT LIKE WRITING IN ALL
CAPS!!!
– Pastels are calmer and more relaxing. Darker colors are also
calm, but can be
difficult to tell apart.
• The viewer’s eye will follow lines. If you want the viewer to
see points 1, 2,
3 and 4 in that order, then a line connecting them in that order
will help.
• The viewer’s eye will usually follow the graphic in this order:
1. Look at the center (most vivid stuff first)
2. Look at the axes & title to figure out what the center means
(Pause to make sure it makes sense)
3. Look for explanations for anything not immediately clear
4. Form an opinion about the stuff in the center
102. 2Q
13
3Q
13
M
ic
ro
so
ft
G
oo
gl
e
Earnings Per Share Comparison:
Google vs. Microsoft
(figures in $/common share)
GOOG MSFT
Question:
How does the growth in earnings per
share of Microsoft compare to that of
Google over the last three years?
• Which company’s earnings are
growing faster?
• Which graph lets you draw that
103. conclusion faster?
Other things to note here:
• In the bottom graphic, if I want to compare
Microsoft’s earnings quarter over quarter, I
have to mentally remove a big red vertical bar
to do it. The comparison is not made easy.
• The key comparison facilitated in the bottom
graphic is “MSFT vs. GOOG in Quarter X”, but
that is a useless comparison here because the
scales are different.
• This data is a time series, which means that
almost always a line graph is going to be
better than a bar graph.
• If we added gridlines here, would they help?
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
0
106. gl
e
Earnings Per Share Comparison:
Google vs. Microsoft
(figures in $/common share)
GOOG MSFT2
Principles of Data Visualization
The Disappearing Baseline
• Be wary of making an graph with an axis that doesn’t start
from zero.
– If starting from zero obscures the relevant comparisons, then
it may be
acceptable.
– If there’s not a good reason, it will be seen as purposely
misleading.
3.95
3.96
3.97
3.98
3.99
4.00
107. Voon's GPA John's GPA
True Story: Mike’s friend Voon was always a good student, and
John wasn’t. So
when John went back to business school and had a good first
semester, he sent
this:
*This is also classic Tufte
Principles of Data Visualization
The Self-Sufficiency Principle2
• The basic idea: your graphic should be valuable on its own
without having to have
the data behind it shown at the same time.
– If I have to refer back to the values in order to make sense of
the graphic, then what is the
point of putting up the graphic? Remember, it’s suppose to help
me compare and contrast
data points.
• This is not a hard rule, just something to bear in mind.
– It’s always helpful to be asking yourself “Do I really need to
be doing this?” If you’re not
sure if or why the answer is yes, then maybe you can be doing
something more useful.
• Sometimes the values themselves are helpful because they
provide additional
context beyond the comparisons of interest in the graphic.
108. – Example: a graph showing growth in profits over time for a
business may be effective in
showing the trend for the business, but for an investor
considering purchasing shares in
the company, it may help them to see exactly how much profit
that represents.
– One often useful option is to show not the values themselves
but some transformation of
the values. For example, instead of showing the value of profits
over time, the graph could
show the values for return on investment represented by the
profits. This number is
directly interesting to the investor, regardless of trend.
2This idea comes from Kaiser Fung at Junk Charts
(http://junkcharts.typepad.com)
Principles of Data Visualization
The Self-Sufficiency Principle – Compare & Contrast
9.5
9.2
8.9 8.9 8.8 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.4
8.1 8.1
7.0
8.0
9.0
109. 10.0
U
ne
m
pl
oy
m
en
t R
at
e
(%
)
Top 15 States by Unemployment - July 2013
Look at the graphic below. Do the values add anything here?
• Actually, they do a little. Without them all we have are ten
bars that say the same thing in the
middle, with a couple on each end that are a little different.
This is not a very informative
graphic.
Do we even need the graph—what about a slightly annotated
table?
• No, we really don’t. Because we’ve sorted the data, there are
only a few comparisons of
interest, namely the “break” points between IL/NC and IN/CT.
110. We can convey the same
information in a table with a lot less real estate.
Nevada 9.5
Il l i noi s 9.2
North Carol i na 8.9
Rhode Is l and 8.9
Georgi a 8.8
Mi chi gan 8.8
Cal i forni a 8.7
D.C. 8.6
New Jers ey 8.6
Kentucky 8.5
Mi s s i s s i ppi 8.5
Tennes s ee 8.5
Indi ana 8.4
Connecti cut 8.1
South Carol i na 8.1
Top 15 States by
Unemployment Rate - July
2013
Example
Histogram
Sometimes the relevant comparison for the data is to something
more abstract like a Normal
Distribution:
0
50
113. #
of
R
ec
or
ds
Histogram of Adjusted Passing Yards/Attempt
Based on Quarterback-Seasons, 2002-2012
Note: Passing averages of
0 are omitted, and
averages greater than 14
are not shown.
Examples
Table with Color
This graphic shows which
baseball teams made the
playoffs each year, how they
did in the playoffs and where
they ranked in player salary
budget.
The conclusion from this
table is quick and easy:
playoff teams tend to come
from the top of the ranks in
budget.
116. D
ep
ar
tu
re
As Of
Sunday 7/22: ORD-BOS Flights
6:55 AM
8:00 AM
9:21 AM
11:14 AM
1:12 PM
2:37 PM
4:36 PM
5:27 PM
7:08 PM
9:09 PM
Scheduled capacity can
change suddenly if the
scheduled aircraft changes
Early flights are often
117. more popular on Sundays,
as they were on this day
Note that this graphic
conveys four different data
points at the same time:
1) The number of seats
available (y-axis)
2) The as-of date for the
capacity (x-axis)
3) Which departures had
the most capacity
(grouping by line)
4) What time of day each
departure was (color)
Also note the annotation
for two odd features of the
chart.
Examples
Multiple Overlapping and Stacked Time Series (Yahoo!
Finance)
Note the use of the blue here to
make the major stock of interest
(THG) the most vivid. The other three
are there for comparison only.
This graphic compares the share price percent gain for a single
118. stock (THG) to three major
indices. At the bottom is the THG trading volume for each
trading day shown.
This construction of pairing a volume measure with a time
series of
interest is a common way to provide important context. Often
when the
metric is a ratio, the “volume” is the denominator.
Note that the gridlines, such
as they are, are light-toned.
The vertical gridlines also
convey how many trading
days were in the period.
Example
Basic Table
AAPL Fiscal Quarter 3Q2013 2Q2013 1Q2013 FY2012 4Q2012
3Q2012 2Q2012 1Q2012
Calendar Quarter 2Q2013 1Q2013 4Q2012 TFQ 3Q2012 2Q2012
1Q2012 4Q2011
Income Statement
Net sales 36,551 43,603 54,512 156,508 35,966 35,023 39,186
46,333
Cost of sales 23,210 27,254 33,452 87,846 21,565 20,029
20,622 25,630
Gross margin 13,341 16,349 21,060 68,662 14,401 14,994
18,564 20,703
Operating expenses:
Research and development 1,343 1,119 1,010 3,381 906 876 841
119. 758
Selling, general and administrative 2,672 2,672 2,840 10,040
2,551 2,545 2,339 2,605
Total operating expenses 4,015 3,791 3,850 13,421 3,457 3,421
3,180 3,363
Operating income 9,326 12,558 17,210 55,241 10,944 11,573
15,384 17,340
Other income and expense 347 347 462 522 (51) 288 148 137
Income before provision for income taxes 8,979 12,905 17,672
55,763 10,893 11,861 15,532 17,477
Provision for income taxes 2,424 3,358 4,594 14,030 2,670
3,037 3,910 4,413
Net income 6,555 9,547 13,078 41,733 8,223 8,824 11,622
13,064
Earnings per common share:
Basic 10.16 13.93$ 44.64 8.77 9.42$ 12.45 14.03
Diluted 7.12$ 10.09 13.81$ 44.15 8.68 9.32$
12.30 13.87
Shares used in computing earnings per share:
Basic 939,629 938,916 934,818 938,053 936,596 933,582
931,041
Diluted 921,035 946,035 947,217 945,355 947,896 947,059
944,893 941,572
Shares Added During Period (1,182) (679) 837 2,166 3,321
1,900
Cash Dividend Declared Per Share 3.05 2.65 2.65 2.65
Select Balance Sheet Items 7,575 15,861 4,030 7,045 12,575
16,031
120. Cash on hand 138,433 144,687 137,112 121,251 121,251
117,221 110,176 97,601
Cash per share 150.30$ 152.94$ 144.75$ 127.92$
127.92$ 123.77$ 116.60$ 103.66$
This table is a summary income statement for AAPL for the
most recent 7 quarters. Projected
results are in blue, and important summary lines are in peach.
The table layout
allows the viewer to
follow the math
behind each
calculation,
essentially a different
use of position.
Note that the viewers
eye is guided toward
the most important
lines via the summary
underlines and the
bold type. Also the
peach color.
Exercise
What Works or Doesn’t Work About This Graphic?
Graphic from a previous Career Center in-class presentation
Exercise
What Works or Doesn’t Work About This Graphic?
121. Graphic pulled from here via Junk Charts.
http://dish.andrewsullivan.com/2013/08/29/households-shrink-
houses-dont/Data Visualization�Theory & Best PracticesData
Analysis and the �Goal of Visualizing DataData Analysis and
the �Goal of Visualizing DataData Visualization�Basic
MannersData Visualization�Basic Manners (Dos & Don’ts)Data
Visualization�Basic Manners (Dos & Don’ts)Data
Visualization�Basic Manners (Dos & Don’ts)Data
Visualization�Basic Manners (Dos & Don’ts)Data
Visualization�Basic Manners (Dos & Don’ts)Data
Visualization�Basic Manners (Dos & Don’ts)Basic
Tactics�Features of Quality Data VisualizationFeatures of
Quality Data Visualization�Representationally Faithful: Bad
ExampleFeatures of Quality Data Visualization�Simplicity:
Bad ExampleFeatures of Quality Data
Visualization�Simplicity: Bad ExampleFeatures of Quality
Data Visualization�Simplicity: Bad Example ImprovedFeatures
of Quality Data Visualization�Comprehensive: Same
ExampleFeatures of Quality Data Visualization�Interesting:
Same ExampleBasic Tactics�Ways to Represent Data
VisuallyWays to Represent Data Visually�Example: Size &
PositionWays to Represent Data Visually�Example:
PositionWays to Represent Data Visually�Example: ShapeWays
to Represent Data Visually�Example: Connectedness &
PositionWays to Represent Data Visually�Example: Color &
PositionWays to Represent Data Visually�Example: Size &
PositionBasic Tactics�Guiding the Viewer’s EyePrinciples of
Data Visualization�The Data/Ink Ratio1Principles of Data
Visualization�The Data/Ink Ratio - Compare &
ContrastPrinciples of Data Visualization�The Disappearing
BaselinePrinciples of Data Visualization�The Self-Sufficiency
Principle2Principles of Data Visualization�The Self-
Sufficiency Principle – Compare &
ContrastExample�HistogramExamples�Table with
122. ColorExamples�Line Chart with Color & Non-Uniform Time-
ScaleExamples�Multiple Overlapping and Stacked Time Series
(Yahoo! Finance)Example�Basic TableExercise�What Works
or Doesn’t Work About This Graphic?Exercise�What Works or
Doesn’t Work About This Graphic?