Dark ages
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The Dark Ages slideshare
The document summarizes the political and social changes in Europe during the Dark Ages and early Middle Ages. When the Western Roman Empire fell in the 5th century, Germanic tribes like the Visigoths and Ostrogoths invaded and took control of the former Roman territories, disrupting trade, government, and education. Latin culture and language declined as new Germanic dialects emerged. Figures like Charles Martel helped establish new kingdoms like the Franks and defended against invaders like the Muslims. Charlemagne later united much of Western Europe under the Holy Roman Empire in 800 AD, though this unity was disrupted by later Viking invasions, leading people to turn to feudal systems for protection.
Middle ages ppt
After the fall of the Roman Empire, Europe was divided. In the East, the Byzantine Empire emerged with Constantinople as its capital, maintaining Greco-Roman culture and Christianity. In the West, Europe entered the Middle Ages characterized by invasions, warfare, and the rise of feudalism. Without Roman unity, Germanic kingdoms developed and the Catholic Church expanded its influence. By 1000 CE, Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars invaded Europe further destabilizing the region.
The Dark Ages
The Dark Ages spanned from around 500 AD to 1000 AD. This period followed the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and was characterized by economic and political instability, migrations of people, and a decline in arts, culture, and education. Christianity spread throughout Europe during this time, while paganism remained influential in northern regions. Monks worked to preserve knowledge by copying manuscripts in monasteries and helped reconstruct European society after the fall of Rome.
Dark Ages Pk
The document summarizes the Dark Ages in Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 496 AD. Key events include barbarian attacks, the rise of feudalism and the Catholic Church, the establishment of the Holy Roman Empire by Charlemagne, and increasing conflict with Islamic expansion. Society was organized around a strict feudal system with the Catholic Church holding significant power and control over education, science, and philosophy. The foundations were being laid for major conflicts like the Crusades between Christianity and Islam.
Dark Ages 08
The Early Middle Ages, also known as the Dark Ages, saw the fall of the Western Roman Empire due to Germanic invasions. Small Germanic kingdoms like the Franks and Lombards emerged to fill the power vacuum. The Catholic Church was the sole surviving centralized institution and provided order. Charlemagne united much of Europe under the Frankish Empire and helped spread Christianity. His empire marked a revival of learning and centralized government, though it declined after his death.
The Renaissance
The document provides an overview of the Renaissance period in Europe, describing its beginning in Italian city-states like Florence before spreading to Northern Europe. It discusses the Italian Renaissance's emphasis on secular pursuits and the arts, compared to the Northern Renaissance's greater focus on religious reform. Major themes of the Renaissance included humanism, secularism, and individualism. Significant figures that advanced new ideas included Petrarch, Machiavelli, Erasmus, Luther, and artists like Michelangelo, Raphael, and Durer. Innovations like the printing press and mechanical clocks helped spread new Renaissance concepts.
The Renaissance Era
The rise of the Renaissance in Italy and its major contributions to the rebirth of Europe. Includes key people, artwork techniques, and activities. SC State Standard 6-6.1 and 2
Power point introduction to europe’s history
The document provides an overview of Europe's history from ancient Greece to the Protestant Reformation. It discusses the Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta, Alexander the Great's conquests, the rise and fall of the Roman Republic and Empire, the Middle Ages and feudal system, the Crusades, the Black Plague, the Renaissance, and key figures such as Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Shakespeare, and Galileo. It also covers the growth of nationalism, the Silk Road, and Martin Luther's Protestant Reformation.
Recommended
The Dark Ages slideshare
The document summarizes the political and social changes in Europe during the Dark Ages and early Middle Ages. When the Western Roman Empire fell in the 5th century, Germanic tribes like the Visigoths and Ostrogoths invaded and took control of the former Roman territories, disrupting trade, government, and education. Latin culture and language declined as new Germanic dialects emerged. Figures like Charles Martel helped establish new kingdoms like the Franks and defended against invaders like the Muslims. Charlemagne later united much of Western Europe under the Holy Roman Empire in 800 AD, though this unity was disrupted by later Viking invasions, leading people to turn to feudal systems for protection.
Middle ages ppt
After the fall of the Roman Empire, Europe was divided. In the East, the Byzantine Empire emerged with Constantinople as its capital, maintaining Greco-Roman culture and Christianity. In the West, Europe entered the Middle Ages characterized by invasions, warfare, and the rise of feudalism. Without Roman unity, Germanic kingdoms developed and the Catholic Church expanded its influence. By 1000 CE, Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars invaded Europe further destabilizing the region.
The Dark Ages
The Dark Ages spanned from around 500 AD to 1000 AD. This period followed the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and was characterized by economic and political instability, migrations of people, and a decline in arts, culture, and education. Christianity spread throughout Europe during this time, while paganism remained influential in northern regions. Monks worked to preserve knowledge by copying manuscripts in monasteries and helped reconstruct European society after the fall of Rome.
Dark Ages Pk
The document summarizes the Dark Ages in Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 496 AD. Key events include barbarian attacks, the rise of feudalism and the Catholic Church, the establishment of the Holy Roman Empire by Charlemagne, and increasing conflict with Islamic expansion. Society was organized around a strict feudal system with the Catholic Church holding significant power and control over education, science, and philosophy. The foundations were being laid for major conflicts like the Crusades between Christianity and Islam.
Dark Ages 08
The Early Middle Ages, also known as the Dark Ages, saw the fall of the Western Roman Empire due to Germanic invasions. Small Germanic kingdoms like the Franks and Lombards emerged to fill the power vacuum. The Catholic Church was the sole surviving centralized institution and provided order. Charlemagne united much of Europe under the Frankish Empire and helped spread Christianity. His empire marked a revival of learning and centralized government, though it declined after his death.
The Renaissance
The document provides an overview of the Renaissance period in Europe, describing its beginning in Italian city-states like Florence before spreading to Northern Europe. It discusses the Italian Renaissance's emphasis on secular pursuits and the arts, compared to the Northern Renaissance's greater focus on religious reform. Major themes of the Renaissance included humanism, secularism, and individualism. Significant figures that advanced new ideas included Petrarch, Machiavelli, Erasmus, Luther, and artists like Michelangelo, Raphael, and Durer. Innovations like the printing press and mechanical clocks helped spread new Renaissance concepts.
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Power point introduction to europe’s history
The document provides an overview of Europe's history from ancient Greece to the Protestant Reformation. It discusses the Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta, Alexander the Great's conquests, the rise and fall of the Roman Republic and Empire, the Middle Ages and feudal system, the Crusades, the Black Plague, the Renaissance, and key figures such as Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Shakespeare, and Galileo. It also covers the growth of nationalism, the Silk Road, and Martin Luther's Protestant Reformation.
The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire
The document provides an overview of the rise and fall of the Roman Empire from 509 BCE to 476 CE. It discusses the transition from Roman Republic to Roman Empire under Augustus, key emperors like Tiberius, Caligula, Nero, Vespasian, and Hadrian, as well as the division of the empire into eastern and western halves under Diocletian. It also examines factors that contributed to the decline of the western empire, including invasions by barbarian tribes and the removal of the capital to Constantinople, while the eastern empire continued on as the Byzantine Empire until 1453.
The Modern Age
The document discusses major literary movements that emerged during the Modern Age from 1915-1945. This era was defined by World War I, postwar prosperity in the US, the Great Depression, and World War II. In response to the turmoil and uncertainty of the time, Modernism rebelled against traditional literary forms through techniques like omitting transitions and creating ambiguous interpretations. Imagism emerged in 1909-1917 as a more concise poetic form using clear images. Many American writers like Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and T.S. Eliot became disillusioned after World War I and exiled themselves in Europe as the "lost generation."
The middle ages powerpoint
The Middle Ages spanned from 500-1500 AD. After the fall of the Roman Empire, threats of attacks led to the decline of cities and rise of feudalism as a political system with land granted in exchange for loyalty. Manorialism was the economic system of self-sufficient farming estates with little trade. Charlemagne created a large empire and helped revive learning in Europe, though it declined after his death. Europe was weakened by invasions until the rise of the powerful Roman Catholic Church and the Crusades between 1000-1300 AD, but the Black Death plague from 1347-1351 killed one-third of Europe's population and ended feudalism.
The Middle Ages introduction and overview
The Middle Ages were the period in European history between 500-1500 AD. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. Key events in the Early Middle Ages included the rise of Islam and barbarian kingdoms, as well as the rule of Charlemagne. Europe faced invasions from Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars in the 800s-900s, leading to the rise of feudalism and knights. The High Middle Ages saw increased stability, growth of towns/cities, Crusades, and the establishment of kingdoms like England and universities.
Dark Ages in Europe
The Dark Ages refers to the period from 400 AD to 1400 AD in Europe. Originally, Christians used the terms "dark" and "light" to describe the darkness before Jesus brought light to the world. Later, the Italian scholar Petrarch described the loss of learning from the Greeks and Romans as plunging Europe into the "dark." Historians then viewed the Dark Ages as a time of little culture, repeated invasions, no central government, and a poor economy and standard of living. However, many historians now disagree with labeling this entire period as a "Dark Age."
Early Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages saw the decline of the Western Roman Empire and rise of feudal systems of government. Germanic tribes invaded Western Europe beginning in the 400s CE, disrupting trade and weakening centralized rule. With no strong central governments, people entered into agreements with local lords to receive protection in exchange for farming lands and other services. This led to a stratified society consisting of nobles, clergy, and peasants. Peasants lived difficult lives toiling on manorial estates under this new feudal system.
Puritan age
The document provides an overview of literature from the Puritan age in England from 1603-1660. Some key aspects summarized are:
- Writers followed Renaissance thinkers like Newton and Bacon, popularizing science and criticism. English was used more for instruction.
- Major works included John Milton's Paradise Lost about the casting out of angels from heaven and their plans for revenge in hell. John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress was also influential.
- Poetry included the Metaphysical poets like John Donne who used complicated symbols, and Cavalier poets who followed Ben Jonson with pseudo-classical styles. Theater declined without the Elizabethan spirit.
The Crusades
The document discusses the history of the Crusades from 1095 to 1291 AD. It began when the Pope called on European warriors to help retake Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim rule. There were nine major Crusades over almost two centuries that aimed to defeat Muslim forces and establish Christian control, but they ultimately failed and Muslim rule was restored. The Crusades exposed Europeans to new cultures and increased trade between Europe and the Middle East.
Postcolonialism
Postcolonialism refers to intellectual works and theories that emerged in the mid-20th century in response to colonialism. It focuses on regions that were formerly colonized, including parts of Africa, Asia, and India. Postcolonial theory examines the cultural legacy of colonialism and the conflicts between colonizers and indigenous populations. Important theorists include Edward Said, Homi Bhabha, and Gayatri Spivak. Postcolonial criticism seeks to challenge Eurocentric perspectives and address how colonial powers represented foreign cultures.
The Middle Ages
The document provides an overview of life in Europe during the Middle Ages from 1000-1500 AD. It describes the political, economic, social, and cultural aspects of medieval Europe, including the feudal system, manorialism, the Catholic Church, education, architecture, daily life, health, and fashion. Key events mentioned include the Black Death pandemic in the 14th century that killed nearly half of Europe's population.
Europe After the Fall of the Western Roman Empire
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Germanic tribes settled across Europe, establishing new kingdoms. They adopted some Roman governmental structures but retained Germanic social traditions like powerful family units. Charlemagne expanded the Frankish kingdom into a vast empire, strengthening ties between Germanic, Christian, and Roman elements. Meanwhile, the Eastern Roman Empire survived but faced threats to its frontiers and internal disputes, including a schism between the Catholic and Orthodox churches.
Age of Absolutism
Absolute monarchies were dominant in Europe during this time period, with monarchs claiming divine right to rule however they wished without limits to their power. Key absolute rulers mentioned include Philip II of Spain, Louis XIV of France, and Peter the Great of Russia, all of whom centralized authority and modernized their nations. Meanwhile in England, the rise of Parliament gradually curtailed royal power, culminating in the Glorious Revolution that established constitutional monarchy.
The Early Middle Ages. The Carolingian Empire
Created by María Jesús Campos, teacher of Social Studies, Geography and History in a bilingual section in Madrid
The renaissance ppt
This document provides an overview of the Renaissance period in Europe, beginning in Italy in the 14th century. It discusses factors that contributed to the Renaissance such as increased trade, wealth in Italian city-states, and influence from classical Greek and Roman culture. Major artistic figures of the Renaissance are described like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. Their famous works and new techniques in art are summarized. Writers of the time including Dante, Petrarch, Erasmus, and Sir Thomas More are also mentioned.
THE RENAISSANCE
The Renaissance period saw a revival of classical Greco-Roman ideas in Europe between the 14th and 17th centuries. This cultural and intellectual movement was spurred by increased trade and wealth in Italian city-states, which exposed people to new ideas. Major developments included the printing press spreading knowledge, Copernicus and Galileo challenging the Church's geocentric view of the universe, and the Protestant Reformation questioning Church authority. The subsequent Enlightenment applied reason to philosophy, government, and society, promoting ideas of individual rights and challenging absolute monarchies. Thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau influenced revolutions in America and France seeking more democratic forms of government.
Ppt middle age
The Early Middle Ages in Western Europe (450-900 CE) was a difficult time of invasion and weakness. Literacy was low, confined mainly to monasteries. The Feudal system and Manorialism developed, with serfs living under difficult conditions on manors. However, starting around 900 CE, agricultural innovations increased food production and population growth. Towns and trade expanded, and a recovery was underway in Western Europe. Universities also began developing. By the High Middle Ages, Western civilization reached new heights in the 1100-1200s CE.
Greek City States
The document discusses the emergence of city-states in ancient Greece following a period of darkness. After Dorian invaders defeated the Mycenaeans around 1200 BCE, Greece entered a 400 year dark age where no writing occurred. Around 800 BCE, small villages began banding together to form trading centers called city-states, and hundreds emerged across Greece. Each city-state had its own identity and government, and citizens were fiercely loyal to their own city over any sense of national identity. The Acropolis in Athens housed important temples and monuments.
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses criticizing Catholic Church practices like selling indulgences. This sparked religious and political changes across Europe. Luther and other reformers like John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli questioned Catholic doctrine and authority. Their teachings spread, dividing Western Christianity and leading many regions to adopt Protestantism over Catholicism by 1600. The Reformation had widespread impacts, including weakening the Pope's power, strengthening secular rulers, and influencing ideas like democracy. Protestantism remains one of the major branches of Christianity today.
Medieval Europe
- By 500 AD, the Western Roman Empire had fallen and Germanic tribes had begun migrating into the region, intermarrying with Romans and establishing new states ruled by Germanic kings. The Franks eventually established the kingdom of France.
- The Roman Catholic Church grew powerful during the Middle Ages, establishing authority over Western Christians and becoming the most influential institution through the 1100s. Monks helped spread Christianity in Europe.
- Feudalism emerged as a political and economic system characterized by obligations between lords and vassals in which peasants and serfs worked lands in exchange for military protection. Manors and castles defined social hierarchies across fragmented kingdoms.
Middle ages [ppt]
The Middle Ages lasted from around 500 AD to 1500 AD. This period between the fall of the Roman Empire and the modern era is also known as the Dark Ages (500-1000 AD) and saw the rise of the Franks and Charlemagne's empire in Western Europe. Charlemagne's empire influenced the development of feudalism and serfdom across Europe and helped establish the Holy Roman Empire. The Viking invasions further disrupted society during this time.
The Middle Ages
The document provides an overview of life in medieval Europe during the Middle Ages. It describes the rise of feudalism as a political system that divided power between kings, lords, and knights in the absence of strong central governments. Under feudalism, peasants called serfs lived and worked on manors, farming the land in exchange for protection from lords. The document also mentions several significant events that impacted medieval Europe, including the Norman conquest of England in 1066 and the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215.
Dark Ages 2.0
The document discusses the possibility of a "Dark Ages 2.0" where digital information from today is lost similar to how much information was lost during the original Dark Ages. It notes that most digital photos from this era will likely only survive if they were printed, as digital storage mediums like hard drives and online services are not reliable long term preservation methods.
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The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire
The document provides an overview of the rise and fall of the Roman Empire from 509 BCE to 476 CE. It discusses the transition from Roman Republic to Roman Empire under Augustus, key emperors like Tiberius, Caligula, Nero, Vespasian, and Hadrian, as well as the division of the empire into eastern and western halves under Diocletian. It also examines factors that contributed to the decline of the western empire, including invasions by barbarian tribes and the removal of the capital to Constantinople, while the eastern empire continued on as the Byzantine Empire until 1453.
The Modern Age
The document discusses major literary movements that emerged during the Modern Age from 1915-1945. This era was defined by World War I, postwar prosperity in the US, the Great Depression, and World War II. In response to the turmoil and uncertainty of the time, Modernism rebelled against traditional literary forms through techniques like omitting transitions and creating ambiguous interpretations. Imagism emerged in 1909-1917 as a more concise poetic form using clear images. Many American writers like Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and T.S. Eliot became disillusioned after World War I and exiled themselves in Europe as the "lost generation."
The middle ages powerpoint
The Middle Ages spanned from 500-1500 AD. After the fall of the Roman Empire, threats of attacks led to the decline of cities and rise of feudalism as a political system with land granted in exchange for loyalty. Manorialism was the economic system of self-sufficient farming estates with little trade. Charlemagne created a large empire and helped revive learning in Europe, though it declined after his death. Europe was weakened by invasions until the rise of the powerful Roman Catholic Church and the Crusades between 1000-1300 AD, but the Black Death plague from 1347-1351 killed one-third of Europe's population and ended feudalism.
The Middle Ages introduction and overview
The Middle Ages were the period in European history between 500-1500 AD. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. Key events in the Early Middle Ages included the rise of Islam and barbarian kingdoms, as well as the rule of Charlemagne. Europe faced invasions from Vikings, Muslims, and Magyars in the 800s-900s, leading to the rise of feudalism and knights. The High Middle Ages saw increased stability, growth of towns/cities, Crusades, and the establishment of kingdoms like England and universities.
Dark Ages in Europe
The Dark Ages refers to the period from 400 AD to 1400 AD in Europe. Originally, Christians used the terms "dark" and "light" to describe the darkness before Jesus brought light to the world. Later, the Italian scholar Petrarch described the loss of learning from the Greeks and Romans as plunging Europe into the "dark." Historians then viewed the Dark Ages as a time of little culture, repeated invasions, no central government, and a poor economy and standard of living. However, many historians now disagree with labeling this entire period as a "Dark Age."
Early Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages saw the decline of the Western Roman Empire and rise of feudal systems of government. Germanic tribes invaded Western Europe beginning in the 400s CE, disrupting trade and weakening centralized rule. With no strong central governments, people entered into agreements with local lords to receive protection in exchange for farming lands and other services. This led to a stratified society consisting of nobles, clergy, and peasants. Peasants lived difficult lives toiling on manorial estates under this new feudal system.
Puritan age
The document provides an overview of literature from the Puritan age in England from 1603-1660. Some key aspects summarized are:
- Writers followed Renaissance thinkers like Newton and Bacon, popularizing science and criticism. English was used more for instruction.
- Major works included John Milton's Paradise Lost about the casting out of angels from heaven and their plans for revenge in hell. John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress was also influential.
- Poetry included the Metaphysical poets like John Donne who used complicated symbols, and Cavalier poets who followed Ben Jonson with pseudo-classical styles. Theater declined without the Elizabethan spirit.
The Crusades
The document discusses the history of the Crusades from 1095 to 1291 AD. It began when the Pope called on European warriors to help retake Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim rule. There were nine major Crusades over almost two centuries that aimed to defeat Muslim forces and establish Christian control, but they ultimately failed and Muslim rule was restored. The Crusades exposed Europeans to new cultures and increased trade between Europe and the Middle East.
Postcolonialism
Postcolonialism refers to intellectual works and theories that emerged in the mid-20th century in response to colonialism. It focuses on regions that were formerly colonized, including parts of Africa, Asia, and India. Postcolonial theory examines the cultural legacy of colonialism and the conflicts between colonizers and indigenous populations. Important theorists include Edward Said, Homi Bhabha, and Gayatri Spivak. Postcolonial criticism seeks to challenge Eurocentric perspectives and address how colonial powers represented foreign cultures.
The Middle Ages
The document provides an overview of life in Europe during the Middle Ages from 1000-1500 AD. It describes the political, economic, social, and cultural aspects of medieval Europe, including the feudal system, manorialism, the Catholic Church, education, architecture, daily life, health, and fashion. Key events mentioned include the Black Death pandemic in the 14th century that killed nearly half of Europe's population.
Europe After the Fall of the Western Roman Empire
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Germanic tribes settled across Europe, establishing new kingdoms. They adopted some Roman governmental structures but retained Germanic social traditions like powerful family units. Charlemagne expanded the Frankish kingdom into a vast empire, strengthening ties between Germanic, Christian, and Roman elements. Meanwhile, the Eastern Roman Empire survived but faced threats to its frontiers and internal disputes, including a schism between the Catholic and Orthodox churches.
Age of Absolutism
Absolute monarchies were dominant in Europe during this time period, with monarchs claiming divine right to rule however they wished without limits to their power. Key absolute rulers mentioned include Philip II of Spain, Louis XIV of France, and Peter the Great of Russia, all of whom centralized authority and modernized their nations. Meanwhile in England, the rise of Parliament gradually curtailed royal power, culminating in the Glorious Revolution that established constitutional monarchy.
The Early Middle Ages. The Carolingian Empire
Created by María Jesús Campos, teacher of Social Studies, Geography and History in a bilingual section in Madrid
The renaissance ppt
This document provides an overview of the Renaissance period in Europe, beginning in Italy in the 14th century. It discusses factors that contributed to the Renaissance such as increased trade, wealth in Italian city-states, and influence from classical Greek and Roman culture. Major artistic figures of the Renaissance are described like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. Their famous works and new techniques in art are summarized. Writers of the time including Dante, Petrarch, Erasmus, and Sir Thomas More are also mentioned.
THE RENAISSANCE
The Renaissance period saw a revival of classical Greco-Roman ideas in Europe between the 14th and 17th centuries. This cultural and intellectual movement was spurred by increased trade and wealth in Italian city-states, which exposed people to new ideas. Major developments included the printing press spreading knowledge, Copernicus and Galileo challenging the Church's geocentric view of the universe, and the Protestant Reformation questioning Church authority. The subsequent Enlightenment applied reason to philosophy, government, and society, promoting ideas of individual rights and challenging absolute monarchies. Thinkers like Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Rousseau influenced revolutions in America and France seeking more democratic forms of government.
Ppt middle age
The Early Middle Ages in Western Europe (450-900 CE) was a difficult time of invasion and weakness. Literacy was low, confined mainly to monasteries. The Feudal system and Manorialism developed, with serfs living under difficult conditions on manors. However, starting around 900 CE, agricultural innovations increased food production and population growth. Towns and trade expanded, and a recovery was underway in Western Europe. Universities also began developing. By the High Middle Ages, Western civilization reached new heights in the 1100-1200s CE.
Greek City States
The document discusses the emergence of city-states in ancient Greece following a period of darkness. After Dorian invaders defeated the Mycenaeans around 1200 BCE, Greece entered a 400 year dark age where no writing occurred. Around 800 BCE, small villages began banding together to form trading centers called city-states, and hundreds emerged across Greece. Each city-state had its own identity and government, and citizens were fiercely loyal to their own city over any sense of national identity. The Acropolis in Athens housed important temples and monuments.
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation began in 1517 when Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses criticizing Catholic Church practices like selling indulgences. This sparked religious and political changes across Europe. Luther and other reformers like John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli questioned Catholic doctrine and authority. Their teachings spread, dividing Western Christianity and leading many regions to adopt Protestantism over Catholicism by 1600. The Reformation had widespread impacts, including weakening the Pope's power, strengthening secular rulers, and influencing ideas like democracy. Protestantism remains one of the major branches of Christianity today.
Medieval Europe
- By 500 AD, the Western Roman Empire had fallen and Germanic tribes had begun migrating into the region, intermarrying with Romans and establishing new states ruled by Germanic kings. The Franks eventually established the kingdom of France.
- The Roman Catholic Church grew powerful during the Middle Ages, establishing authority over Western Christians and becoming the most influential institution through the 1100s. Monks helped spread Christianity in Europe.
- Feudalism emerged as a political and economic system characterized by obligations between lords and vassals in which peasants and serfs worked lands in exchange for military protection. Manors and castles defined social hierarchies across fragmented kingdoms.
Middle ages [ppt]
The Middle Ages lasted from around 500 AD to 1500 AD. This period between the fall of the Roman Empire and the modern era is also known as the Dark Ages (500-1000 AD) and saw the rise of the Franks and Charlemagne's empire in Western Europe. Charlemagne's empire influenced the development of feudalism and serfdom across Europe and helped establish the Holy Roman Empire. The Viking invasions further disrupted society during this time.
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The Middle Ages
The document provides an overview of life in medieval Europe during the Middle Ages. It describes the rise of feudalism as a political system that divided power between kings, lords, and knights in the absence of strong central governments. Under feudalism, peasants called serfs lived and worked on manors, farming the land in exchange for protection from lords. The document also mentions several significant events that impacted medieval Europe, including the Norman conquest of England in 1066 and the signing of the Magna Carta in 1215.
Dark Ages 2.0
The document discusses the possibility of a "Dark Ages 2.0" where digital information from today is lost similar to how much information was lost during the original Dark Ages. It notes that most digital photos from this era will likely only survive if they were printed, as digital storage mediums like hard drives and online services are not reliable long term preservation methods.
The dark ages
The document summarizes medicine and treatments during the Dark Ages in Europe following the Black Death plague epidemic from 1346-1353 CE. Medical practices at the time were primitive and based on ancient humoral theory of balancing bodily fluids rather than science. Common treatments included bloodletting, herbal remedies, and prayer. The plague spread rapidly due to poor hygiene and sanitation practices and an estimated 50% of Europe's population died from the disease.
Dark Ages Geography
This document provides information about the Dark Ages in Europe and the influence of geography on medieval society. It begins with questions for students to answer about the Dark Ages and European geography. It then defines the Dark Ages as the period from 476-1000 CE after the fall of Rome when Europe lacked leadership. Historians call it "Dark" due to lack of information and little cultural advancement. The document describes the different climates and crops of Northern and Southern Europe and how abundant resources like forests and farmland allowed small self-sufficient kingdoms to form. Geography shaped medieval society by providing good conditions for farming and production across Europe.
Medieval period powerpoint
The document provides an overview of literature during the Medieval period in England. It discusses the three main languages used - Latin, French, and English. Major genres included troubadour poetry, Arthurian legends, epic romances, religious poetry, and fabliaux. Characteristics of Medieval literature included themes of heroism, presentations of idealized behavior like loyalty and chivalry, and the use of poetic devices like kennings. The ideal of courtly love and the knightly quest were also important concepts in Medieval literature.
The dark Ages Part 2
During the Dark Ages from 500-1000 AD, church-funded art in Europe served religious purposes and educated the illiterate masses. Altarpieces in churches typically featured figures of Mary or saints in stylized, symbolic poses. Secular art existed but little has survived. Meanwhile, other major civilizations like the Byzantine Empire, Islamic world, and Mayans flourished with stable governments and cultural achievements. Charlemagne briefly united parts of western Europe and revived classical Roman influences before his empire was divided after his death.
Dark ages 2
The passage defines the Dark Ages as the period from 400 AD to 1400 AD in Europe, characterized as a time of "intellectual depression" following the fall of the Roman Empire and prior to the "revival of learning." It notes this period nearly corresponds to the Middle Ages. The key points are:
1) The Dark Ages refers to the period from 400-1400 AD in Europe.
2) This era is described as one of "intellectual depression" following the barbarian invasions and prior to the Renaissance.
3) The Dark Ages spanned almost 900 years, encompassing most of the Middle Ages period.
The medieval period
The document provides an overview of literature during the Medieval Period in England from 1066-1485. It discusses the major poets William Langland and Geoffrey Chaucer, with Chaucer being considered one of the greatest. Lyric and ballad poems were popular forms during this time. The Church also sponsored religious plays and dramas, with the morality drama Everyman being the most famous from the 15th century. The period saw changes in English language and society reflected in the writings of Langland and Chaucer.
The Black Death
The Black Death arrived in Europe in 1347 from Central Asia, carried by fleas on black rats. Over the next three years, it killed an estimated 25-50 million people across Europe, anywhere from one-third to one-half of the total population. Transmitted through flea bites and respiratory droplets, the plague's symptoms included fever, chills, vomiting and the appearance of swollen and infected lymph nodes. While it left devastating social, economic and political impacts, some areas fared better through early quarantines and isolation practices. The Black Death remained a threat in Europe for centuries and still occurs sporadically today.
Historical development of geography
This document provides a historical overview of the development of geography as a field of study. It describes contributions from ancient Greek philosophers who first classified the world into climatic regions. It discusses the work of Roman geographers like Strabo and Ptolemy who built upon these concepts and created early maps. During the Middle Ages, Muslim geographers advanced techniques like triangulation and created detailed maps. In modern times, geography grew as a science with debates between environmental determinism and possibilism perspectives on human-environment relationships.
Life in the Middle Ages
During the Middle Ages, feudalism was the dominant social and economic system. Under feudalism, lords granted land to vassals in exchange for military and other services. This system was characterized by a pyramid structure with peasants at the bottom, vassals in the middle, and lords at the top. Life for peasants during this time was difficult, as they lived in basic homes, had poor diets, and little access to education or opportunities. The feudal system helped provide security and organization during a time of crisis following the fall of the Western Roman Empire, but also led to a rural, hierarchical society with lower classes having few rights.
Western Europe in the Dark Ages
The document discusses Western Europe between 330 CE to 1000 CE, commonly referred to as the "Dark Ages". It provides context that the term "Dark Ages" was coined in the 18th century to portray this time as a decline from Roman civilization. However, newer understanding sees it as a time of change rather than decline, with fragmented local cultures flourishing. The rise of the Catholic Church and development of kingdoms are described, along with the spread of monasticism, important figures like Charlemagne and his legacy, and the development of languages and cultures across Europe during this period.
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what he saw to be a lack of quality in the Latin literature that was prevalent during his time
period
Humanities by Cynthia Zera
The document discusses the history of philosophy in ancient Rome. It notes that Roman men did not begin studying philosophy until around 200 BC and that women were not allowed to study philosophy. It also discusses some of the major Roman philosophers like Cicero and Seneca and notes that most Roman philosophy was based on Greek philosophy but was translated to Latin. The three main schools of philosophy in ancient Rome were materialism, pluralism, and atomism.
SCIENCE- The middle ages and the renaissance
This document summarizes the development of science during the Middle Ages and Renaissance periods from 700-1449 AD. It describes how during the early Middle Ages (476-1000 AD), education focused on studying the Bible in monastic and cathedral schools. Later, figures like Charlemagne and scholars in the High Middle Ages (1000-1300 AD) helped establish universities and translate ancient Greek and Arabic texts. Thinkers like Robert Grosseteste and Roger Bacon contributed to the scientific method of experimentation and observation. The Black Death in the 14th century killed up to 60% of the European population and helped set the stage for the Renaissance. The printing press, invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 1440s, helped
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Renaissance in Europe
The Renaissance began in 14th century Italy and spread across Europe over the following two centuries. It was a period of cultural, artistic, political, and scientific "rebirth" as European scholars rediscovered ancient Greek and Roman knowledge and emphasized humanism, individualism, and classicism. Notable early figures included humanists like Petrarch and artists like Giotto in Florence. The Renaissance saw many innovations in art, architecture, philosophy, science, and literature that transformed European culture and challenged the authority of the Catholic Church.
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Renaissance Timeline by Mary Avgerinakou
The Renaissance began in 14th century Italy as a cultural movement called humanism that promoted ancient Greek and Roman ideas. It spread from Italy to the rest of Europe over the 15th century. The Medici family in Florence supported many early Renaissance artists and thinkers. Notable Renaissance figures included Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Shakespeare. The movement saw advances in art, science, and philosophy that challenged the dominant Catholic church, before eventually declining due to wars and economic changes in the 16th century.
PAGE 15LECTURE 4THE TRANSITION FROM MEDIEVAL TO MODERN .docx
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15
LECTURE 4
THE TRANSITION: FROM MEDIEVAL TO MODERN EUROPE (THE RENAISSANCE), 14th-17thCenturies
I. The Renaissance: A Rebirth of Learning (1300-1650)
A. The word “renaissance” means “rebirth” or “revival”
B. In history, this word refers to a 300-year period in
Europe that in Western Europe marked the revival of art,
literature and learning
1. It is significant that this revival served as a bridge, or
transition, between medieval and modern Western
Europe
2. We find a greater level of achievement and
European self-consciousness
C. Some historians have argued that this period represented a
sharp break with the past, while others have noted that the
change was more evolutionary or an outgrowth of the
Later Middle Ages
1. It is true that the Reinassance had roots in many
aspects of the medieval heritage, especially the
church-run universities of learning, the forms and
subject matter of literature, and the rudiments of
science
2. Of course, the emphasis of intellectual trends began
to change more noticeably after the 14th century
II. Distinctive Features of the Renaissance
A. It began with:
1. The rediscovery of the Greco-Roman civilization,
which had been generally neglected during the
Middle Ages
2. Emphasized reason, a questioning attitude,
experimentation, and free inquiry—in contrast with
the medieval concern with religious faith, authority,
and tradition
3. The Renaissance glorified the individual and
approved of worldly pleasures, viewing life as
worthwhile for its own sake, not chiefly as
preparation for the hereafter
4. Focused attention upon worldly matters arising out
of a secular society (secularization), rather than the
medieval preoccupation with the Roman Catholic
Church and religious affairs
5. Finally, the Renaissance featured great achievements
in literature, art, and science
III. The Renaissance Started in Italy
A. Arose first in Italian cities because:
1. As the center of Greco-Roman culture, Italy
contained sculptures, buildings, roads, and
manuscripts that excited curiosity about
classical (ancient) civilization
2. Located on the Mediterranean Sea, Italy had
absorbed stimulating new ideas from the Byzantine
and Muslim worlds
3. Benefiting from the revival of trade that resulted
from the Crusades in the Middle Ages, Italy had
wealthy, influential people who became patrons
(supporters) of literature, art, and science (much
later in history, it was the state and its governmental
structures that did the same thing)
a. Some examples of leading Renaissance patrons
included: certain Popes in Rome (Bishop of
Rome), wealthy .
Impact On Renaissance Humanism
During the Renaissance period in Europe, the intellectual movement of humanism had a profound impact on education, art, and culture. Humanism emphasized the study of classical Greek and Latin literature, which led to new perspectives that elevated the status of individual humans and their potential. A key figure was Desiderius Eramus, a Christian humanist who wrote the New Testament in both Greek and Latin and criticized the Catholic Church while remaining within it. Humanism influenced Renaissance art by encouraging realistic depictions of humans and their experiences over purely religious subjects. It also changed education by introducing new subjects beyond theology. Overall, Renaissance humanism had wide-ranging effects and helped transform European civilization.
Renaissance
The document provides an overview of the Renaissance period in Europe between the 14th and 17th centuries. It discusses key aspects like the rise of humanism in Italy, the influential Medici family in Florence, famous Renaissance geniuses like da Vinci and Michelangelo, advances in art, architecture and science, the age of exploration, the Protestant Reformation's impact on religion, and the various factors that led to the end of the Renaissance era. The Renaissance marked a period of cultural, intellectual and scientific rebirth from the Middle Ages that transformed Western civilization.
Middle ages
The document provides an overview of life in medieval Europe between the 5th and 15th centuries. It describes this era as complex and vibrant, not a "dark age" as previously portrayed. Key developments included the rise of the Catholic Church as the most powerful institution, the expansion of Islam and its contributions to science, and the Crusades launched by the Church. Architecture like Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals expressed religious devotion, while feudal systems and growing trade in cities began transforming rural economies and societies. An outbreak of plague in the 14th century killed around 30% of Europe's population and helped usher in the Renaissance.
world history of medievel time.pptx
The document discusses the term "Middle Ages" and how it came to describe the period in Europe between the fall of Rome in 476 CE and the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th century. Scholars now often call this era the "medieval period" instead. The phrase "Middle Ages" tells us more about how the Renaissance that followed was viewed than about the era itself. During the Renaissance, European thinkers dismissed the earlier period as "Middle" or even "Dark" with no accomplishments. However, today's scholars see the medieval period as complex and vibrant as any other time. After Rome's fall, no single state united Europe. Instead, the powerful Catholic Church became the dominant institution, with kings and leaders der
Humanism lesson
This document provides background information on humanism during the Renaissance period. It defines humanism as a way of thinking that stresses the importance of human abilities and actions. It explains that the study of humanities, such as poetry, history, and classical languages, led to the development of humanism. It identifies Francesco Petrarch as the "Father of Humanism" and discusses how his study and promotion of classical authors inspired many other writers and artists. The document also notes how the rediscovery of classical Greek and Roman writings in Italy fueled the growth of humanism and the Renaissance.
The Renaissance Era Essay
The Renaissance era saw major changes across Europe from the 14th to 17th centuries. This period marked a shift away from the medieval period's focus on religion and feudalism towards an emphasis on secularism, humanism, and individualism. The Renaissance began in Italy and spread north, influencing art, literature, science, and education as people gained new intellectual and artistic perspectives. Key developments included the influence of ancient Greek and Roman texts, advances in fields like perspective in art and the heliocentric model of the solar system, and the spread of literacy and books due to the printing press. Overall, the Renaissance was a time of rebirth and fresh thinking that transformed European society.
Caput Mundi
1) Europe developed slowly over time from various ethnic groups mixing together rather than descending from a single origin.
2) During the Roman Empire, some saw Europe as a unified political and geographic area from Spain to Greece under Roman rule. However, Romans themselves did not strongly identify with or promote a unified European identity.
3) It was not until the fall of the Western Roman Empire that a common European identity reemerged among intellectuals defending Europe and what remained of Roman political structures from barbarian invaders. They saw Europe as more than just a geographic area but as a key part of a shared identity.
science, technology and society
The document traces the development of science, technology, and systems of communication from ancient times to the modern world. It discusses how early civilizations in Egypt and Mesopotamia developed writing systems like hieroglyphics, cuneiform, and papyrus that allowed the spread of ideas. Major inventions like the printing press and later the World Wide Web transformed society by enabling the mass production and dissemination of information.
The Humanists
The humanists were 14th-15th century European scholars who focused on the humanities like poetry, literature, rhetoric, history, and politics rather than subjects like law, theology, or medicine. They believed the ancient Greeks and Romans had achieved the highest forms of these disciplines. Humanism emerged especially in the Italian city-states and emphasized reading ancient Greek and Roman literature. Notable early Italian humanists included Petrarch, the "Father of Humanism", and Lorenzo Valla, who used his knowledge of ancient languages to prove a famous church document was a forgery. The printing press allowed new ideas to spread more widely, and humanists like Erasmus and Machiavelli contributed influential political and religious works
The Humanists
The humanists were 14th-15th century European scholars who focused on the humanities like poetry, literature, rhetoric, history, and politics rather than subjects like law, theology, or medicine. They believed the ancient Greeks and Romans had achieved the highest forms of these disciplines. Humanism emerged especially in the Italian city-states and focused on subjects related to human society. Figures like Petrarch, Lorenzo Valla, and Erasmus were influential early Italian humanists who spread enthusiasm for studying ancient Greek and Roman writers and applying classical ideas to create a better society.
Q3. what is the renaissance and its distinctive features
The Renaissance began in Italy in the late Middle Ages and spread to other European countries. Key features included a revival of classical Greco-Roman artistic, literary and philosophical ideals, an emphasis on secular and humanist ideas over religion, and a growing curiosity in knowledge. The printing press helped spread Renaissance ideas more widely. Other forces shaping the Renaissance included increased wealth from trade, the decline of feudalism after the Black Death, and the influence of prominent humanist thinkers who studied classical works. The Renaissance had distinctive national variations as it influenced countries like Germany, England, and France at different times.
The italian reinassaince
The document provides an overview of the Renaissance period across multiple domains including art, literature, philosophy, science, technology, architecture, economy and religion. It began in Italy in the 15th century, driven by newfound interest in classical philosophy and secular thinking. Major city-states like Florence saw economic growth due to their merchant industries and export of high quality textiles. This wealth supported artists and thinkers of the time. Key figures that embodied the Renaissance spirit included Leonardo Da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. The period was characterized by a rebirth of intellectual thought and human-centered values.
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PAGE 15LECTURE 4THE TRANSITION FROM MEDIEVAL TO MODERN .docx
PAGE 15LECTURE 4THE TRANSITION FROM MEDIEVAL TO MODERN .docx
Q3. what is the renaissance and its distinctive features
Q3. what is the renaissance and its distinctive features
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- 2. 2 “The Dark Ages is a term applied in its widest sense to that period of intellectual depression in the history of Europe from the establishment of the barbarian supremacy in the fifth century (400 AD) to the revival of learning at about the beginning of the fifteenth (1400 AD), thus nearly corresponding in extent with the Middle Ages.” - The American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, 1883
- 3. 3 Background
- 4. 4 • The metaphor of “dark” and “light” was originally used by Christians to describe the “darkness” people lived in before God sent Jesus Christ to bring “light” to the world. • Petrarch was an Italian scholar during the 1300s who loved Greek and Roman writing. • He used the terms “dark” and “light” to describe learning instead of religion. He believed that Europe was in the “dark” after the “light” of the Greek and Roman empires were gone. Why “Dark”?
- 5. 5 Historians, and others, since Petrach continued to use the phrase “Dark Ages.” They argued that during the centuries following the fall of the Roman Empire, Europe was in a state of cultural where. A time that: •Did not support learning •Created very little culture (art, literature, architecture, etc.) •Was repeatedly invaded •Had no central government •Had a bad economy •Was basically a miserable place to live Why “Dark”?
- 6. 6 • Today many historians disagree with this term. • They think it is not the proper way to describe this period of time. • But, people continue to use term “Dark Ages.” • What do you think: Was Europe really in a “Dark Age” for almost 900 years? Today
- 7. Central Historical QuestionWas the time period between 400 AD and 1400 AD a “Dark Age” for Europe? Was this a time of cultural decay and decline?
Editor's Notes
- The American Cyclopaedia: A Popular Dictionary of General Knowledge, was a multi-volume set of encyclopedia’s published in New York and sold across the country in the years following the Civil War.