The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Feasibility of Substitution of the Conventional Street Lighting Installation ...IJECEIAES
In this work, we present a technical and economic study of the solar powered street lighting system of a municipality in the south of Morocco. The state of the conventional street lighting system is first analyzed in a substation of street lighting. Then a sizing method is applied to the photovoltaic installation in the testing area. A financial study, by comparison between conventional and PV-based lighting, is carried out showing the feasibility of the PV street lighting.).
This project is based on Construction and connection of photovoltaic module and related theories about it. To utilize maximum energy from the photovoltaic cell first of all understanding of it characteristics is very important because of this in starting of project we done proper study on characteristics of photo voltaic module and maximum power point. After got proper understanding of characteristics we try to use output of photo voltaic cell efficiently with help of Maximum power point tracker and cuk converter.
Comparative study and implementation of incremental conductance method and pe...eSAT Journals
Abstract Maximum Power Point techniques (MPPT) of Photovoltaic array are used to continuously deliver highest possible power to the load when variation in solar irradiation and temperature occur. This is achieved by many algorithms such as perturbs and observer method, incremental conductance method, constant voltage method, fuzzy logic method, neural network etc. A DC/DC converter (boost, buck, Cuk) serves the purpose of transferring maximum power from the solar PV module to the load. In this project we compared perturb and observe method and incremental conductance method with DC-DC Buck converter by implementing hardware using Arduino Duemilanove as a prototype board. Key Words: MPPT, buck converter, solar voltage and current sensing, Incremental conductance method (INC), Perturb and Observe method, Matlab real time graph, and Arduino Duemilanove, Lead acid battery.
Electricity is a major source of energy for fast growing population and the use of nonrenewable source is harmful for our environment. This reason belongs to devastating of environment, so it is required to take immediate action to solve these problems which result the solar energy development. Production of a solar energy can be maximizing if we use solar follower. The major part of solar panels is microcontroller with arrangement of LDR sensor is used to follow the sun, where the sensors is less efficient to track the sun because of the low sensitivity of LDR. We are proposing a method to track sun more effetely with the help of both LDR sensors and image processing. This type of mechanism can track sun with the help of image processing software which combines both result of sensors and processed sun image to control the solar panel. The combination of both software and hardware can control thousands of solar panels in solar power plants.
Improving efficiency of Photovoltaic System with Neural Network Based MPPT Co...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Analysis characteristics of power PV cells and wind turbine from power genera...IOSR Journals
This paper presents the implementation of a generalized photovoltaic model using Matlab Simulink
software package, which can be representative of PV cell, module, and array for easy use on simulation
platform. The proposed model is designed with a user-friendly icon and a dialog box like Simulink block
libraries. This makes the generalized PV model easily simulated and analyzed in conjunction with power
electronics for a maximum power point tracker. Taking the effect of sunlight irradiance and cell temperature
into consideration, the output current and power characteristics of PV model are simulated and optimized using
the proposed model. This enables the dynamics of PV power system to be easily simulated, analyzed, and
optimized.
For Wind Turbine modeling and simulation of wind driven electricity generation system or WECS (an
acronym for Wind Energy Conversion System) has been done. Our aim is to design and test a power 300W
capacity, operating at 3 m/s to 6 m/s , induction permanent magnet generator Matlab simulation. The different
components of a wind energy system namely the wind turbine, generator, rectifier, as per the scope of this
project following which the design steps and modeling of the system in Matlab simulation environment -
Simulink was undertaken
Feasibility of Substitution of the Conventional Street Lighting Installation ...IJECEIAES
In this work, we present a technical and economic study of the solar powered street lighting system of a municipality in the south of Morocco. The state of the conventional street lighting system is first analyzed in a substation of street lighting. Then a sizing method is applied to the photovoltaic installation in the testing area. A financial study, by comparison between conventional and PV-based lighting, is carried out showing the feasibility of the PV street lighting.).
This project is based on Construction and connection of photovoltaic module and related theories about it. To utilize maximum energy from the photovoltaic cell first of all understanding of it characteristics is very important because of this in starting of project we done proper study on characteristics of photo voltaic module and maximum power point. After got proper understanding of characteristics we try to use output of photo voltaic cell efficiently with help of Maximum power point tracker and cuk converter.
Comparative study and implementation of incremental conductance method and pe...eSAT Journals
Abstract Maximum Power Point techniques (MPPT) of Photovoltaic array are used to continuously deliver highest possible power to the load when variation in solar irradiation and temperature occur. This is achieved by many algorithms such as perturbs and observer method, incremental conductance method, constant voltage method, fuzzy logic method, neural network etc. A DC/DC converter (boost, buck, Cuk) serves the purpose of transferring maximum power from the solar PV module to the load. In this project we compared perturb and observe method and incremental conductance method with DC-DC Buck converter by implementing hardware using Arduino Duemilanove as a prototype board. Key Words: MPPT, buck converter, solar voltage and current sensing, Incremental conductance method (INC), Perturb and Observe method, Matlab real time graph, and Arduino Duemilanove, Lead acid battery.
Electricity is a major source of energy for fast growing population and the use of nonrenewable source is harmful for our environment. This reason belongs to devastating of environment, so it is required to take immediate action to solve these problems which result the solar energy development. Production of a solar energy can be maximizing if we use solar follower. The major part of solar panels is microcontroller with arrangement of LDR sensor is used to follow the sun, where the sensors is less efficient to track the sun because of the low sensitivity of LDR. We are proposing a method to track sun more effetely with the help of both LDR sensors and image processing. This type of mechanism can track sun with the help of image processing software which combines both result of sensors and processed sun image to control the solar panel. The combination of both software and hardware can control thousands of solar panels in solar power plants.
Improving efficiency of Photovoltaic System with Neural Network Based MPPT Co...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Analysis characteristics of power PV cells and wind turbine from power genera...IOSR Journals
This paper presents the implementation of a generalized photovoltaic model using Matlab Simulink
software package, which can be representative of PV cell, module, and array for easy use on simulation
platform. The proposed model is designed with a user-friendly icon and a dialog box like Simulink block
libraries. This makes the generalized PV model easily simulated and analyzed in conjunction with power
electronics for a maximum power point tracker. Taking the effect of sunlight irradiance and cell temperature
into consideration, the output current and power characteristics of PV model are simulated and optimized using
the proposed model. This enables the dynamics of PV power system to be easily simulated, analyzed, and
optimized.
For Wind Turbine modeling and simulation of wind driven electricity generation system or WECS (an
acronym for Wind Energy Conversion System) has been done. Our aim is to design and test a power 300W
capacity, operating at 3 m/s to 6 m/s , induction permanent magnet generator Matlab simulation. The different
components of a wind energy system namely the wind turbine, generator, rectifier, as per the scope of this
project following which the design steps and modeling of the system in Matlab simulation environment -
Simulink was undertaken
Major Project report "MPPT BASED BATTERY CHARGING USING SOLAR ENERGY" (or) so...ViJay ChouDhary
A Major Project Report on
MPPT BASED BATTERY CHARGING USING SOLAR
ENERGY
” in fulfillment of the requirement for
the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering
submitted in the Department of Electrical Engineering, MANIT, Bhopal
This paper presents a cuckoo search (CS) algorithm for determining the global maximum power point (GMPP) tracking of photovoltaic (PV) under partial shading conditions (PSC). The conventional methods are fail to track the GMPP under PSC, which decrease the reliability of the power system and increase the system losses. The performance of the CS algorithm is compared with perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm for different cases of operations of PV panels under PSC. The CS algorithm used in this work to control directly the duty cycle of the DC-DC converter without proportional integral derivative (PID) controller. The proposed CS model can track the GMPP very accurate with high efficiency in less time under different conditions as well as in PSC.
Simulation and analysis of perturb and observe mppt algorithm for array using...Asoka Technologies
This paper presents the comparative analysis between constant duty cycle and Perturb & Observe (P&O) algorithm for extracting the power from Photovoltaic Array (PVA). Because of nonlinear characteristics of PV cell, the maximum power can be extract under particular voltage condition. Therefore, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms are used in PVA to maximize the output power. In this paper the MPPT algorithm is implemented using Ćuk converter. The dynamics of PVA is simulated at different solar irradiance and cell temperature. The P&O MPPT technique is a direct control method enables ease to implement and less complexity.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
This paper focuses on the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, which is a nonlinear optimization problem. is proposed to find the optimal power flow (OPF). To solve this problem, we will apply the ABC algorithm to a power system incorporating wind power. The proposed approach is applied on a standard IEEE-30 system with wind farms located on different buses and with different penetration levels to show the impact of wind farms on the system in order to obtain the optimal settings of control variables of the OPF problem. Based on technical results obtained, the ABC algorithm is shown to achieve a lower cost and losses than the other methods applied, while incorporating wind power into the system, high performance would be gained.
Design & Analysis of Grid Connected Photovoltaic SystemSulaman Muhammad
Aim of this project was to boost the DC voltage generated by the photovoltaic system to the required DC value through DC-DC boost converter and then to invert that DC voltage to AC voltage through H-bridge inverter. The output of the inverter is then filtered through a low pass filter to get a pure sinusoidal wave form. This output is then synchronized with the grid by converting the sine wave of grid into square wave and then compare that square wave with the PWM and then give that output wave of comparator to H-bridge, so if there is any change in the grid as a result the output of inverter will also have same change.
This paper discusses about design and analysis of double stator slotted rotor (DSSR) BLDC motor for electric bicycle application. Usually single stator (SS) BLDC motor is used in an electric bicycle. This type of motor has low performance and need to be charged regularly. The objective of this research is to design and analysis DSSR motor that have high torque. At starts, design specification for the electric bicycle is calculated. Next, design process for DSSR is carried out by using the desired parameter. Lastly, analysis for double stator slotted rotor is simulated using FEM. Result for average back emf, average inductance, inner stator flux density, outer stator flux density, average torque and estimate torque constant is obtained. Result for average torque from FEM archieve the requirement of motor torque for DSSR design where the maximum average torque is 16.2 Nm. This research will give benefit to mankind and society in term of environment protection and energy consumption.
The optimal solution for unit commitment problem using binary hybrid grey wol...IJECEIAES
The aim of this work is to solve the unit commitment (UC) problem in power systems by calculating minimum production cost for the power generation and finding the best distribution of the generation among the units (units scheduling) using binary grey wolf optimizer based on particle swarm optimization (BGWOPSO) algorithm. The minimum production cost calculating is based on using the quadratic programming method and represents the global solution that must be arriving by the BGWOPSO algorithm then appearing units status (on or off). The suggested method was applied on “39 bus IEEE test systems”, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the suggested method over other algorithms in terms of minimizing of production cost and suggesting excellent scheduling of units.
A study on modelling and simulation of photovoltaic cellseSAT Journals
Abstract This Paper presents a detailed study on the types of modelling of the PV Panel for simulation studies. The main concern of this study is to analyze the results and compare them under standard test conditions. PV systems are generally integrated with specific control algorithms in order to extract the maximum possible power. Hence it is highly imperative that the Maximum Power Point (MPP) is achieved effectively and thus we need to design a model from which the MPPT algorithm can be realized in an efficient way. Also other parameters should be taken into account for finding the best model for the use in simulation. It is very important to choose the appropriate model based on the application. The models used for study in this paper include the single diode model, two diode model and Simscape modelling. MATLAB/Simulink presents a powerful tool to study such systems. The work tests the accuracy of the models under different temperature and irradiance conditions. The two diode model is known to have better accuracy at low irradiance levels which allows for a more accurate prediction of PV system performance. Simscape, part of Simulink environment, has a solar cell block that makes building a PV model straightforward and much easier programming with full demonstration to all system details. On the basis of the study, the best model that can be used for simulation purposes can be selected. It is envisaged that the work can be very useful for professionals who require simple and accurate PV simulators for their design. All the systems here are modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Keywords: PV cell, STC, MATLAB Simulink, Ideality Factor
MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NET WORKIAEME Publication
Fossil fuels’ rapid depletion and need to protect the environment has left us to think upon alternatives and solutions to curb the excess use of conventional sources and shift focus on the renewable energy. In this paper we have designed a prototype model inclusive of techniques that support the need to harness the solar energy.
Performance analysis of p&o and incremental conductance mppt algorithms u...Asoka Technologies
In this paper, the comparative analysis of two maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms namely Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental conductance (InC) is presented for the Photo-Voltaic (PV) power generation system. The mathematical model of the PV array is developed and transformed into MATLAB/Simulink environment. This model is used throughout the paper to simulate the PV source characteristics identical to that of a 20 Wp PV panel. The MPPT algorithms generate proper duty ratio for interfacing dc-dc boost converter driving resistive load. The performances of these algorithms are evaluated at gradual and rapidly changing weather conditions where it is observed that InC method tracks the rapidly changing insolation level at a faster rate as compared to P&O. Depending upon the prevailing environmental conditions the MPPT algorithms finds a unique operating point to track the maximum available power. The algorithms find a fixed duty ratio by comparing the previous power, voltage and current thereby optimizing the power output of the panel. The main objective is to compare the tracking capability and stability of the algorithms under different environmental situations on par with other real world tests.
Modeling and Simulation of Wind Energy Conversion System Interconnected with ...idescitation
The global electrical energy consumption is steadily rising and consequently there
is a demand to increase the power generation capacity. A significant percentage of the
required capacity increase can be based on renewable energy sources.The integration of
Distributed Generations into grid has a great importance in improving system reliability.
The power generation with renewable energy sources is essential in now-a-days to control
the atmospheric pollution and global warming. To get fast tracking for maximum power, it
is preferable to use incremental conductance method. MPPT control for variable speed
wind turbine is driven by Induction Generator. The wind turbine generator is operated
such that the rotor speed varies according to wind speed to adjust the duty cycle of power
inverter and maximizes wind energy conversion system efficiency. The system includes the
wind turbine, induction generator, three phase rectifier, DC link voltage controller, three
phase inverter. In this paper, modeling and simulation of wind energy conversion system
(WECS) with incremental conductance maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is
presented. This WECS is connected to electric utility to measure the performance. In this
paper, the objective such as optimal location and sizing of DG units are studied to check the
system performance in reducing the power losses, increase in voltage profile and reliability.
For analyzing the performance of WECS, a case study is carried out on IEEE 15 bus radial
distribution system. The case studies shows that there is gradual improvement in voltage
profile, reduction in power losses and variation in reliability indices and results were
simulated in the MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results shown in this paper can contribute well
to electrical utilities with radial distribution systems.
Simulation of incremental conductance mppt with direct control method using c...eSAT Journals
Abstract PV Module Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) is a photovoltaic system that uses the photovoltaic array as a source of electrical power supply. Every photovoltaic (PV) array has an optimum operating point, called the maximum power point, which varies depending on cell temperature, the insulation level and array voltage. The function of MPPT is needed to operate the PV array at its maximum power point. The design of a Maximum Peak Power Tracking (MPPT) is proposed utilizing a cuk converter topology. Solar panel voltage and current are continuously monitored by a MPPT, and the duty cycle of the cuk converter continuously adjusted to extract maximum power. The design consists of a PV array, DC-DC cuk converter and many such algorithms have been proposed. However, one particular algorithm, the Incremental Conductance method, claimed by many in the literature to be inferior to others, continues to be by far the most widely used method in commercial PV MPPT’s. The general model was implemented on Mat lab, and accepts irradiance and temperature as variable parameters and outputs the I-V characteristic and P-V characteristic Index Terms: PV system; Maximum power point tracking (MPPT); Incremental conductance (Inccond); digital signal processor (dsp)
The impact of innovation on travel and tourism industries (World Travel Marke...Brian Solis
From the impact of Pokemon Go on Silicon Valley to artificial intelligence, futurist Brian Solis talks to Mathew Parsons of World Travel Market about the future of travel, tourism and hospitality.
Gave a talk at StartCon about the future of Growth. I touch on viral marketing / referral marketing, fake news and social media, and marketplaces. Finally, the slides go through future technology platforms and how things might evolve there.
Major Project report "MPPT BASED BATTERY CHARGING USING SOLAR ENERGY" (or) so...ViJay ChouDhary
A Major Project Report on
MPPT BASED BATTERY CHARGING USING SOLAR
ENERGY
” in fulfillment of the requirement for
the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering
submitted in the Department of Electrical Engineering, MANIT, Bhopal
This paper presents a cuckoo search (CS) algorithm for determining the global maximum power point (GMPP) tracking of photovoltaic (PV) under partial shading conditions (PSC). The conventional methods are fail to track the GMPP under PSC, which decrease the reliability of the power system and increase the system losses. The performance of the CS algorithm is compared with perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm for different cases of operations of PV panels under PSC. The CS algorithm used in this work to control directly the duty cycle of the DC-DC converter without proportional integral derivative (PID) controller. The proposed CS model can track the GMPP very accurate with high efficiency in less time under different conditions as well as in PSC.
Simulation and analysis of perturb and observe mppt algorithm for array using...Asoka Technologies
This paper presents the comparative analysis between constant duty cycle and Perturb & Observe (P&O) algorithm for extracting the power from Photovoltaic Array (PVA). Because of nonlinear characteristics of PV cell, the maximum power can be extract under particular voltage condition. Therefore, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms are used in PVA to maximize the output power. In this paper the MPPT algorithm is implemented using Ćuk converter. The dynamics of PVA is simulated at different solar irradiance and cell temperature. The P&O MPPT technique is a direct control method enables ease to implement and less complexity.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
This paper focuses on the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, which is a nonlinear optimization problem. is proposed to find the optimal power flow (OPF). To solve this problem, we will apply the ABC algorithm to a power system incorporating wind power. The proposed approach is applied on a standard IEEE-30 system with wind farms located on different buses and with different penetration levels to show the impact of wind farms on the system in order to obtain the optimal settings of control variables of the OPF problem. Based on technical results obtained, the ABC algorithm is shown to achieve a lower cost and losses than the other methods applied, while incorporating wind power into the system, high performance would be gained.
Design & Analysis of Grid Connected Photovoltaic SystemSulaman Muhammad
Aim of this project was to boost the DC voltage generated by the photovoltaic system to the required DC value through DC-DC boost converter and then to invert that DC voltage to AC voltage through H-bridge inverter. The output of the inverter is then filtered through a low pass filter to get a pure sinusoidal wave form. This output is then synchronized with the grid by converting the sine wave of grid into square wave and then compare that square wave with the PWM and then give that output wave of comparator to H-bridge, so if there is any change in the grid as a result the output of inverter will also have same change.
This paper discusses about design and analysis of double stator slotted rotor (DSSR) BLDC motor for electric bicycle application. Usually single stator (SS) BLDC motor is used in an electric bicycle. This type of motor has low performance and need to be charged regularly. The objective of this research is to design and analysis DSSR motor that have high torque. At starts, design specification for the electric bicycle is calculated. Next, design process for DSSR is carried out by using the desired parameter. Lastly, analysis for double stator slotted rotor is simulated using FEM. Result for average back emf, average inductance, inner stator flux density, outer stator flux density, average torque and estimate torque constant is obtained. Result for average torque from FEM archieve the requirement of motor torque for DSSR design where the maximum average torque is 16.2 Nm. This research will give benefit to mankind and society in term of environment protection and energy consumption.
The optimal solution for unit commitment problem using binary hybrid grey wol...IJECEIAES
The aim of this work is to solve the unit commitment (UC) problem in power systems by calculating minimum production cost for the power generation and finding the best distribution of the generation among the units (units scheduling) using binary grey wolf optimizer based on particle swarm optimization (BGWOPSO) algorithm. The minimum production cost calculating is based on using the quadratic programming method and represents the global solution that must be arriving by the BGWOPSO algorithm then appearing units status (on or off). The suggested method was applied on “39 bus IEEE test systems”, the simulation results show the effectiveness of the suggested method over other algorithms in terms of minimizing of production cost and suggesting excellent scheduling of units.
A study on modelling and simulation of photovoltaic cellseSAT Journals
Abstract This Paper presents a detailed study on the types of modelling of the PV Panel for simulation studies. The main concern of this study is to analyze the results and compare them under standard test conditions. PV systems are generally integrated with specific control algorithms in order to extract the maximum possible power. Hence it is highly imperative that the Maximum Power Point (MPP) is achieved effectively and thus we need to design a model from which the MPPT algorithm can be realized in an efficient way. Also other parameters should be taken into account for finding the best model for the use in simulation. It is very important to choose the appropriate model based on the application. The models used for study in this paper include the single diode model, two diode model and Simscape modelling. MATLAB/Simulink presents a powerful tool to study such systems. The work tests the accuracy of the models under different temperature and irradiance conditions. The two diode model is known to have better accuracy at low irradiance levels which allows for a more accurate prediction of PV system performance. Simscape, part of Simulink environment, has a solar cell block that makes building a PV model straightforward and much easier programming with full demonstration to all system details. On the basis of the study, the best model that can be used for simulation purposes can be selected. It is envisaged that the work can be very useful for professionals who require simple and accurate PV simulators for their design. All the systems here are modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Keywords: PV cell, STC, MATLAB Simulink, Ideality Factor
MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING WITH ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NET WORKIAEME Publication
Fossil fuels’ rapid depletion and need to protect the environment has left us to think upon alternatives and solutions to curb the excess use of conventional sources and shift focus on the renewable energy. In this paper we have designed a prototype model inclusive of techniques that support the need to harness the solar energy.
Performance analysis of p&o and incremental conductance mppt algorithms u...Asoka Technologies
In this paper, the comparative analysis of two maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms namely Perturb and Observe (P&O) and Incremental conductance (InC) is presented for the Photo-Voltaic (PV) power generation system. The mathematical model of the PV array is developed and transformed into MATLAB/Simulink environment. This model is used throughout the paper to simulate the PV source characteristics identical to that of a 20 Wp PV panel. The MPPT algorithms generate proper duty ratio for interfacing dc-dc boost converter driving resistive load. The performances of these algorithms are evaluated at gradual and rapidly changing weather conditions where it is observed that InC method tracks the rapidly changing insolation level at a faster rate as compared to P&O. Depending upon the prevailing environmental conditions the MPPT algorithms finds a unique operating point to track the maximum available power. The algorithms find a fixed duty ratio by comparing the previous power, voltage and current thereby optimizing the power output of the panel. The main objective is to compare the tracking capability and stability of the algorithms under different environmental situations on par with other real world tests.
Modeling and Simulation of Wind Energy Conversion System Interconnected with ...idescitation
The global electrical energy consumption is steadily rising and consequently there
is a demand to increase the power generation capacity. A significant percentage of the
required capacity increase can be based on renewable energy sources.The integration of
Distributed Generations into grid has a great importance in improving system reliability.
The power generation with renewable energy sources is essential in now-a-days to control
the atmospheric pollution and global warming. To get fast tracking for maximum power, it
is preferable to use incremental conductance method. MPPT control for variable speed
wind turbine is driven by Induction Generator. The wind turbine generator is operated
such that the rotor speed varies according to wind speed to adjust the duty cycle of power
inverter and maximizes wind energy conversion system efficiency. The system includes the
wind turbine, induction generator, three phase rectifier, DC link voltage controller, three
phase inverter. In this paper, modeling and simulation of wind energy conversion system
(WECS) with incremental conductance maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is
presented. This WECS is connected to electric utility to measure the performance. In this
paper, the objective such as optimal location and sizing of DG units are studied to check the
system performance in reducing the power losses, increase in voltage profile and reliability.
For analyzing the performance of WECS, a case study is carried out on IEEE 15 bus radial
distribution system. The case studies shows that there is gradual improvement in voltage
profile, reduction in power losses and variation in reliability indices and results were
simulated in the MATLAB/SIMULINK. The results shown in this paper can contribute well
to electrical utilities with radial distribution systems.
Simulation of incremental conductance mppt with direct control method using c...eSAT Journals
Abstract PV Module Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) is a photovoltaic system that uses the photovoltaic array as a source of electrical power supply. Every photovoltaic (PV) array has an optimum operating point, called the maximum power point, which varies depending on cell temperature, the insulation level and array voltage. The function of MPPT is needed to operate the PV array at its maximum power point. The design of a Maximum Peak Power Tracking (MPPT) is proposed utilizing a cuk converter topology. Solar panel voltage and current are continuously monitored by a MPPT, and the duty cycle of the cuk converter continuously adjusted to extract maximum power. The design consists of a PV array, DC-DC cuk converter and many such algorithms have been proposed. However, one particular algorithm, the Incremental Conductance method, claimed by many in the literature to be inferior to others, continues to be by far the most widely used method in commercial PV MPPT’s. The general model was implemented on Mat lab, and accepts irradiance and temperature as variable parameters and outputs the I-V characteristic and P-V characteristic Index Terms: PV system; Maximum power point tracking (MPPT); Incremental conductance (Inccond); digital signal processor (dsp)
The impact of innovation on travel and tourism industries (World Travel Marke...Brian Solis
From the impact of Pokemon Go on Silicon Valley to artificial intelligence, futurist Brian Solis talks to Mathew Parsons of World Travel Market about the future of travel, tourism and hospitality.
Gave a talk at StartCon about the future of Growth. I touch on viral marketing / referral marketing, fake news and social media, and marketplaces. Finally, the slides go through future technology platforms and how things might evolve there.
The Six Highest Performing B2B Blog Post FormatsBarry Feldman
If your B2B blogging goals include earning social media shares and backlinks to boost your search rankings, this infographic lists the size best approaches.
Each technological age has been marked by a shift in how the industrial platform enables companies to rethink their business processes and create wealth. In the talk I argue that we are limiting our view of what this next industrial/digital age can offer because of how we read, measure and through that perceive the world (how we cherry pick data). Companies are locked in metrics and quantitative measures, data that can fit into a spreadsheet. And by that they see the digital transformation merely as an efficiency tool to the fossil fuel age. But we need to stretch further…
32 Ways a Digital Marketing Consultant Can Help Grow Your BusinessBarry Feldman
How can a digital marketing consultant help your business? In this resource we'll count the ways. 24 additional marketing resources are bundled for free.
DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF AN ENERGY HARVESTING TILEIJCI JOURNAL
This paper presents development and experimental analysis of a piezoelectric mounted flexible beam
attached with an oscillating tile that can be used to scavenge energy from footsteps in crowded places. The
energy harvesting system consists of a piezoelectric bimorph cantilever beam inside a hollow box which
connects to the ground with the help of springs. Multiple piezoelectric patches are pasted on the beam.
When the foot is placed on the tile and removed, the hollow box displaces in turn causing the beam to
oscillate harvesting electrical power. A prototype is developed and the performance of the piezoelectric
energy scavenging tile is tested. The variations of power output for different load resistances are obtained
and the optimal load resistance is suggested.
“MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF DC-DC CONVERTER FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM” Final...8381801685
This project portrays a comparative analysis of DC-DC Converters for Renewable Energy System. The electrolysis method which increases the hydrogen production and storage rate from wind-PV systems. It has been proved that DC-DC converter with transformer has the desirable features for electrolyser application. The converter operates in lagging PF mode for a very wide change in load and supply voltage variations, thus ensuring ZVS for all the primary switches. The peak current through the switches decreases with load current.This paper portrays a comparative analysis of DC-DC Converters for Renewable Energy System . The simulation and experimental results show that the power gain obtained by this method clearly increases the hydrogen production and storage rate from wind-PV systems. It has been proved that DC-DC converter with transformer has the desirable features for electrolyser application. Theoretical predictions of the selected configuration have been compared with the MATLAB simulation results. The simulation and experimental results indicate that the output of the inverter is nearly sinusoidal. The output of rectifier is pure DC due to the presence of LC filter at the output. It can be seen that the efficiency of DC-DC converter with transformer is 15% higher than the converter without transformer.
Optimal design and static simulation of a hybrid solar vehicleIRJASH
This paper deals with the design and simulation analysis of the hybrid solar vehicle under static conditions. The solar hybrid vehicle is effective in our everyday lives because many people have petrol cars and the emissions and fuel cost is now a serious problem. In addition to controlling vehicles pollution in the city, reduced fuel consumption and hybrid solar car use is used in vehicles to effectively reduce global warming and the environmental challenge in large-scale applications. In the last ten years, research has taken place on a large quantity of solar, hybrid solar and electrically operated cars, which is originating from several independent developments that all resulted in the idea of hybrid solar car and electric operated car. A hybrid solar vehicle was successfully designed, analyzed and fabricated at the end of this research.
Key words: Hybrid Vehicle, Solar vehicle, Fuel Efficiency, Static analysis
High efficiency push pull converter for photovoltaic applicationsEklavya Sharma
The object of this project is to design a high efficient DC-DC converter using Push-Pull topology.
A compact Dc-Dc converter with grid connection possibility and less switching losses.
Power Estimation for Wearable Piezoelectric Energy HarvesterTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The aim of this research work is to estimate the amount of electricity produced to power up wearable devices using a piezoelectric actuator, as an alternative to external power supply. A prototype of the device has been designed to continuously rotate a piezoelectric actuator mounted on a cantilever beam. A MATLAB® simulation was done to predict the amount of power harvested from human kinetic energy. Further simulation was conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics® to model a cantilever beam with piezoelectric layer. With the base excitation and the presence of tip mass at the beam, the natural frequencies and mode shapes have been analyzed to improve the amount of energy harvested. In this work, it was estimated that a maximum amount of power that could be generated is 250 μW with up to 5.5V DC output. The outcome from this research works will aid in optimising the design of the energy harvester. This research work provides optimistic possibility in harvesting sufficient energy required for wearable devices.
Novel technique for maximizing the thermal efficiency of a hybrid pveSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper a comparison between numerical model and experimental work results for a fixed Photovoltaic/ Thermal (PV/T) hybrid system is presented. The simulation in this work is based on a numerical model in solving the equations and determining the Photovoltaic (PV) cells thermal characteristics using both MATLAB and COMSOL Multiphysics. COMSOL is simulating the electromagnetic waves produced by the Sun through solving Maxwell's equations in three dimensions using Finite Elements Methods (FEM) and the sun irradiance is assumed to be Gaussian distribution across the twelve mourning hours. Beside that an experimental work is presented depending on the results conjured from the theoretical experience used in Comsol Multiphysics. A Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) is used to control the solenoid valve operation. In addition to the above a thermal analysis for the fixed PV modules and the piping water is presented where the output water temperatures, rate of heat transfer, overall heat transfer coefficient and thermal efficiency are calculated. As a result, a significant enhancement in the total thermal efficiency is observed with acceptable increase in the output water temperature. Keywords: Cooling systems; DAQ; Hybrid; COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS; MATLAB; Solid work; Lab view.
students can learn the operation and performance of an inverter
circuit. This senior design project aims to develop an inverter circuit experiment which addresses
several concepts and techniques used in covering DC to AC inverters.
simulation and hardware implementation of grid connected solar charge control...editor1knowledgecuddle
A renewable energy source plays an important role in electricity generation. Various renewable energy sources like
wind, solar, geothermal, ocean thermal, and biomass can be used for generation of electricity and for meeting our daily energy
needs. Energy from the sun is the best option for electricity generation as it is available everywhere and is free to harness. On an
average the sunshine hour in India is about 6hrs annually also the sun shine shines in India for about 9 months in a year.
Electricity from the sun can be generated through the solar photovoltaic modules (SPV). The SPV comes in various power
output to meet the load requirement [1]. Maximization of power from a solar photo voltaic module (SPV) is of special interest as
the efficiency of the SPV module is very low. A peak power tracker and DC-DC Boost Converter is used for Extracting the
maximum power from the SPV module. And simulation in PSIM software and hardware result is compare and solar panel
maximum efficiencies is increase nearby 85% using dither routine algorithm method use.
Piezo electric based harvesting is a kind of renewable energy which senses the mechanical vibration into electrical output. In this slide we have study the feasibility of a piezoelectric energy harvester capable to power up low power electronic and electrical circuit.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
1. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)
|| Volume || 3 || Issue || 6 || Pages || 41-45 || 2014 ||
ISSN (e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN (p): 2319 – 1805
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 41
Bus Stand Lamp Using Piezoelectric Energy
1,
M. N. M. Nasir, 2,
M. N. Aziz , 3,
Z. H. Bohari , 4,
H. I. Jaafar , 5,
Mohd Hafiz Jali,
M. K. Nor6
,
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100, Durian
Tunggal Melaka
--------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT--------------------------------------------------
The development of piezoelectric energy harvester has rapidly becoming an attractive research in these few
years mainly due to the largely use of semiconductor in power supply technology. Harvesting ambient vibration
energy using piezoelectric element has become an interesting topic since the technology is using the free energy
source, which can reduce a significant value in cost development. The prototype of bus stand lamp using
piezoelectric energy was developed to show the concept of the harvester system. The objective of this product is
to overcome the lacking lighting system problem for bus stand at rural place. By using the free energy source,
which is gain from the people walking across this area, the piezoelectric disc was placed on the floor whereby
the location of the piezoelectric disc is determined based on the maximum harvesting output power when people
step on it. Power that harvested will then be stored in the super capacitor or battery before delivered to the
load. The light emitting diode (LED) is used as the supply of the light to the bus stand since the energy efficiency
of LED is higher compared to the traditional lighting. Two experiments were conducted to determine the
maximum output of piezoelectric harvesting base which from the experimental results, it shows that a significant
output voltage and current of 0.372A and 0.421A respectively is successfully generated which then can be use to
charge the battery.
KEYWORDS: piezoelectric, super capacitor, harvester.
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Date of Submission: 26 June 2014 Date of Publication: 10 July 2014
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I. INTRODUCTION
Recently, research on alternative energy source that can provide power supply is increasing greatly as
our technology is moving towards to the free energy source. The concept of implementing piezoelectric
materials into the environment to provide a sustainable power source is drawing a lot of attention to the
scientific community [1]. The ability of this material to harvest energy from vibration attracts people to do more
research about the capability of this material to generate more energy. Piezoelectric material is used since it has
several advantages such as their mechanical properties of being small, lightweight and versatility in endless
array applications [2].Lead zirconate-titanate (PZT) is the most commonly used for piezoelectric materials of
power generation. PZT ceramic is suitable for energy harvesting systems since the efficiency of conversion from
mechanical to electrical energy is controlled by the piezoelectric constants d and g. It is also have a high
piezoelectric constant and high quality factor [4]. Scientifically, PZT form a tetragonal structure with a small
atom in the center and when the crystal is strained, the center atom displaces from its lattice site and creates a
potential [5].
Piezoelectric is an effect of the electromechanical relationship that allows certain materials such as
crystals and synthetic ceramics to produce an output voltage power that come from mechanical stress or
vibration. Piezoelectric elements are widely used in many applications such as acoustic transducers, mechanical
actuator and for electric energy harvesting system. Ceramics (e.g. lead zirconate-titanate or PZT) and bimorph
(e.g. polyvinylidene fluoride or PVDF) are also the common type of piezoelectric materials. The bimorph
element material has its own advantages like being soft and flexible, but they have lower dielectric and
piezoelectric constant than ceramics [3]. Most efficient materials are quite expensive.
For this project, cheaper materials such as ceramics disc that are less efficient, but will still work to
demonstrate the concept of piezoelectric energy harvesting is used. The focus of this project is to develop a
piezoelectric energy harvesting system, where the main design is to harness the vibration energy from walking
people at bus stand and turn that wasted energy into electricity and supply power to light emitting diode (LED)
at the bus stand.
2. Bus Stand Lamp Using…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 42
II. METHODOLOGY
The process to develop this project is shown in Figure 1. It is started with the literature review process
which worth being done to gain detail information and theories of the harvesting system development. Then, in
the hardware development, it is divided into two parts namely mechanical development and circuit development
respectively.
START
Literature Review
Hardware Development
Mechanical
Development
Circuit
Development
System Test Phase
Hardware Compilation
Experiment and Analysis
END
No
Yes
Figure 1 : The flowchart of project plan
In the circuit part, the rectifier circuit and storage circuit is designed using the MATLAB software and
the output value is determined from the simulation. Figure 2 shows the full bridge rectifier circuit that is used to
convert the output of piezo disc from AC to DC since its original output is AC.
Figure 2 : Simulation circuit using MATLAB
3. Bus Stand Lamp Using…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 43
After the circuit combined with all components such as piezo disk, super capacitor and load, the next step is to
test the circuit to ensure that it meets the necessary requirements for the output specification. Meanwhile, in the
mechanical development, the design of the model of bus stand and piezoelectric harvester base is carried out.
The hardware is compiled then to determine the output of the piezoelectric energy harvester.The important part
of this energy harvester is its base. This base development started by using solid work software before fabricate
the real product. The rendered design using solid work software is shown in Figure 3. It has 81 small
compartments that will hold the piezo disc. This base was design to make it portable and easy for setup.
Figure 3 : Rendered design of piezoelectric harvester base
In general, by connecting piezo disc in parallel, the total voltage produced is maintained but current is
increased. Vice versa, by connecting in series, total voltage is increased but current is maintained. For the
piezoelectric energy harvester configuration in this project, piezo disc will be connected in parallel as shown in
Figure 4 in order to maximize the produced output current. It is shown that artificial turf was placed on the top
of the base to represent its green energy.
As stated before, after completing the design of the bus stand model and energy harvester base, the experiment
was followed to determine the output voltage that can be generated from this model of piezoelectric energy
harvesting system. The weight parameters to literally represent the people steps on the base of energy harvester
is by using the dumbbell with three different weight values as shown in Figure 5(a). The output voltage is then
recorded when the dumbbell weight is applied at the certain position on the base, as shown in Figure 5(b).
Figure 5: (a) Sizes of dumbbells that used in the experiment (b) Set up for the experiment
(a) (b)
4. Bus Stand Lamp Using…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 44
III. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
Two experiments were conducted to measure the output voltage, which the results will be presented in this
section.
Experiment 1 (Output voltage at 4 cm height)
In this experiment, the dumbbell was released from the center, left and right of the base at the height of 4 cm to
represent the footsteps of the people. Table 1 shows the complete results that have been recorded from the
experiment.
Table 1 : Output voltage and current from piezoelectric harvester base
Output voltage (V) Output current (A)
Position
Weight
center left right center left right
0.5 6.5 4.4 5.0 0.054 0.042 0.045
1.25 18.2 17.8 17.2 0.078 0.067 0.072
1.75 25.1 19.7 2039 0.114 0.092 0.114
2.5 28.4 21.4 22.2 0.134 0.124 0.136
3.0 30.4 29.3 28.4 0.205 0.193 0.251
3.75 36.2 33.6 34.2 0.372 0.272 0.297
As can be seen from Table 1, the maximum output voltage and current are 36.2V and 0.372A respectively when
force was released at the centre of the base. From the weight of 0.5kg to 1.25kg, the output voltage at the center
position increased dramatically from 6.5V to 18.2V. This was because of the piezo disc start to bend more
which need to cover by a lot of piezo disc when receive a higher pressure. This validated the characteristic of
piezoelectric material, which will produce higher voltage when more force applied to it. Therefore, it can be
seen that, when weight of dumbbell was at 3.75kg, the output of energy harvester base was produced at highest
reading compared when the weight of dumbbell was at 0.5kg.For the results of left side and right side of the
base, the maximum output voltage and current were almost the same. The maximum output voltage and current
are 33.6V and 0.272A for the left side of the base and 34.2V and 0.297A for the right side of the base,
respectively.
The output from the center of the base was slightly higher compared to the output from the left and right side of
the base. This is because when force was applied at the centre of the base, it will actuate and bend more piezo
disc which leads to the higher force compared to the force applied at the left and right side. From this result,
highest current that generated is recorded at 0.372A, which is sufficiently enough to charge the battery.
Experiment 2 (Output voltage at 8 cm height)
In this experiment, the procedure is repeated similarly with the previous experiment but this time the height of
launching the dumbbell is selected at 8 cm. This height is to represent the footsteps from the people. The results
that have been recorded were shown in Table 2.
Table 2 : Output voltage and current from piezoelectric harvester base
Output voltage (V) Output current (A)
Position
Weight
center left right center left right
0.5 14.2 11.5 12.0 0.087 0.062 0.074
1.25 17.9 14.7 15.1 0.092 0.079 0.086
1.75 19.3 16.9 17.3 0.132 0.112 0.131
2.5 30.5 29.7 30.0 0.193 0.143 0.172
3.0 36.5 32.3 31.6 0.242 0.211 0.296
3.75 38.7 35.9 36.5 0.421 0.389 0.391
As can be seen from Table 2, when 0.5kg weight is applied to the center of the energy harvester base, the output
voltages are 14.2V. This value is higher compared to 6.5V output voltage recorded at the same weight applied to
the same center position from 4 cm height as shown in Table 1. This is because the two levels of height (4 cm
5. Bus Stand Lamp Using…
www.theijes.com The IJES Page 45
and 8 cm) will affect the output voltage and current produced. It can also be understand that the weight of the
person stepping on the energy harvester will affect the output voltage and current produced.The result of output
voltage and current when dumbbell was released at right and left position almost the same since the arrangement
of piezo disc on left side and right side of the base are same. The maximum output voltage and current are
35.9V and 0.389A for the left side of the base and 36.5V and 0.391A for the right side of the base,
respectively.In comparison, the output voltage and current when dumbbell was released at center are slightly
higher compared to the output voltage and current when dumbbell was released at right and left position. This is
because when there was a pressure in the middle of the base, many piezo discs affected and bended compared to
the pressure applied at the left or right side of the base. Besides that, the weight of the dumbbell also affected the
output of voltage and current that produced. From this result, highest current that generated is recorded at
0.421A, which is sufficiently enough to charge the battery.
IV. CONCLUSION & FURTHER RECOMMENDATION
In recent years, the idea of harvesting energy from clean energy has become increasingly popular. The
ability of the system to use the ambient energy surrounding encourages the people to study more about
piezoelectric effect. Piezoelectric materials have the ability to store the energy of the footsteps pressure and
convert it to the electrical energy, which can be used in many electrical applications. By using high quality
piezoelectric material such as bimorph element and polymer film, the output energy generated can be higher
compared to the traditional piezo ceramic disc material. In conclusion, the concept of energy harvesting using
piezoelectric material is presented in this paper. A prototype of piezoelectric energy harvester base was
developed and the reliability of this system has been verified by conducting two different experiments. The
verification parameters are the output voltage and the current produced by the energy harvester base. The
objective to overcome the problem of lacking lighting system for bus stand at rural place is achieved and the
wasted energy from people footsteps pressure can now be used efficiently as the source of electricity. The
highest voltage and current recorded in this project is 38.7V and 0.421A, which is sufficiently enough to charge
the battery.
VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thank Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) and Ministry of
Education Malaysia for the financial supports given through Research Grant.
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[1] R. Balma, And T. Kaya, "Battery-Free Energy Scavenging Applications And Power Conditioning Circuit" American Society For
Engineering Education (Asee), March 2012.
[2] Justin Scaparo And Dr. Tolga Kaya, "Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Design And Fabrication" Central Michigan University, Mount
Pleasant, Mi 48859, 2012
[3] François M. Guillot, Georgia Institute Of Technology, Me “Piezoelectric Fabrics For Energy Harvesting” National Textile Center
Annual Report: November 2007
[4] Daisuke Koyama And Kentaro Nakamura "Electric Power Generation Using A Vibration Of A Polyurea Piezoelectric Thin Film"
Precision And Intelligence Laboratory Tokyo Institute Of Technology Yokohama, Japan, 2008 Iee
[5] Brian Doyle "Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting" Material Science And Engineering, May 2012