This presentation was used as a requirement for a course. This is about the type 3 of Bipolar Disorder which is Cyclothymia and the Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar and Related Disorder. All information are from the DSM V.
Schizoaffective disorder is a chronic mental health condition characterized by symptoms of both schizophrenia and mood disorders like mania or depression. It affects a person's thoughts, emotions, and potentially their actions. It is considered a disorder of both the mind and emotions. Schizoaffective disorder can be of the bipolar, depressive, or mixed type depending on the symptoms present. Treatment involves medications like antipsychotics and mood stabilizers as well as psychotherapy and life skills training. Nursing care focuses on ensuring safety, promoting functioning, and supporting treatment compliance.
A 33-year-old male presented with symptoms of loss of interest, lethargy, and reduced mental and physical well-being for the past 6-7 years. He has a family history of possible psychiatric illness in his grandfather. On examination, he displayed anxious and inappropriate behavior, impaired comprehension, rapid speech, an anxious mood, paranoid delusions, and impaired judgment and insight. He was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia based on his symptoms. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder caused by genetic and environmental factors. It involves positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions as well as negative symptoms and is typically treated with antipsychotic medication.
This document provides an overview of the components and process of conducting a mental status examination (MSE). It defines an MSE as a standardized format for clinicians to record a patient's signs and symptoms during an interview. The key components of an MSE that are assessed include appearance, behavior, mood, affect, speech, thought process, thought content, perception, cognition, and insight. Each component is evaluated based on specific criteria like quality, intensity, and congruence. The document also provides definitions for various clinical terms relevant to findings on MSE and conditions that may present with abnormal findings.
This case presentation discusses a 50-year-old African American female patient admitted to the hospital for schizoaffective disorder, manic episode. The patient has a history of schizoaffective disorder and has been living in a nursing home. The goals of hospitalization are to decrease restlessness, irritability, worry, anxiety and increase self-control and medication compliance. Interventions include medication management with Lamictal and Invega, nursing care, social work support, and education. The presentation provides context on schizoaffective disorder, symptoms, course, and treatment goals for managing the manic episode.
Mood disorders include major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, dysthymia, and cyclothymia. They are characterized by changes in mood that last for an extended period of time and impair functioning. The document discusses the history, definitions, types, epidemiology, and etiology of mood disorders. It covers biological factors like neurotransmitter disturbances, hormonal regulation, sleep, immunology, and brain imaging findings. Psychosocial factors like life events, personality, and psychodynamic theories are also reviewed.
Mania is a facet of type I bipolar disorder in which the mood state is abnormally heightened and accompanied by hyperactivity and a reduced need for sleep.
A divorced 39-year-old woman presented with physical symptoms but was found to have dysthymic disorder after being prescribed an SSRI. Dysthymic disorder is a chronic form of depression lasting at least two years characterized by less severe but persistent symptoms. It is important to treat as it can be as debilitating as major depression and increases the risk of developing additional disorders. Prognosis is often chronic without treatment but SSRIs and other therapies can provide relief of symptoms.
This document provides an overview of treatment resistant schizophrenia, including definitions, prevalence, factors leading to treatment resistance, and management approaches. It notes that approximately 30% of schizophrenia patients do not adequately respond to initial treatment. Clozapine is identified as the gold standard treatment for resistant cases, though some patients remain resistant even to clozapine. The document discusses criteria for defining treatment resistance and response, as well as strategies for managing patients who are clozapine-resistant, including augmentation with other pharmacological or psychosocial approaches.
Schizoaffective disorder is a chronic mental health condition characterized by symptoms of both schizophrenia and mood disorders like mania or depression. It affects a person's thoughts, emotions, and potentially their actions. It is considered a disorder of both the mind and emotions. Schizoaffective disorder can be of the bipolar, depressive, or mixed type depending on the symptoms present. Treatment involves medications like antipsychotics and mood stabilizers as well as psychotherapy and life skills training. Nursing care focuses on ensuring safety, promoting functioning, and supporting treatment compliance.
A 33-year-old male presented with symptoms of loss of interest, lethargy, and reduced mental and physical well-being for the past 6-7 years. He has a family history of possible psychiatric illness in his grandfather. On examination, he displayed anxious and inappropriate behavior, impaired comprehension, rapid speech, an anxious mood, paranoid delusions, and impaired judgment and insight. He was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia based on his symptoms. Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder caused by genetic and environmental factors. It involves positive symptoms like hallucinations and delusions as well as negative symptoms and is typically treated with antipsychotic medication.
This document provides an overview of the components and process of conducting a mental status examination (MSE). It defines an MSE as a standardized format for clinicians to record a patient's signs and symptoms during an interview. The key components of an MSE that are assessed include appearance, behavior, mood, affect, speech, thought process, thought content, perception, cognition, and insight. Each component is evaluated based on specific criteria like quality, intensity, and congruence. The document also provides definitions for various clinical terms relevant to findings on MSE and conditions that may present with abnormal findings.
This case presentation discusses a 50-year-old African American female patient admitted to the hospital for schizoaffective disorder, manic episode. The patient has a history of schizoaffective disorder and has been living in a nursing home. The goals of hospitalization are to decrease restlessness, irritability, worry, anxiety and increase self-control and medication compliance. Interventions include medication management with Lamictal and Invega, nursing care, social work support, and education. The presentation provides context on schizoaffective disorder, symptoms, course, and treatment goals for managing the manic episode.
Mood disorders include major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, dysthymia, and cyclothymia. They are characterized by changes in mood that last for an extended period of time and impair functioning. The document discusses the history, definitions, types, epidemiology, and etiology of mood disorders. It covers biological factors like neurotransmitter disturbances, hormonal regulation, sleep, immunology, and brain imaging findings. Psychosocial factors like life events, personality, and psychodynamic theories are also reviewed.
Mania is a facet of type I bipolar disorder in which the mood state is abnormally heightened and accompanied by hyperactivity and a reduced need for sleep.
A divorced 39-year-old woman presented with physical symptoms but was found to have dysthymic disorder after being prescribed an SSRI. Dysthymic disorder is a chronic form of depression lasting at least two years characterized by less severe but persistent symptoms. It is important to treat as it can be as debilitating as major depression and increases the risk of developing additional disorders. Prognosis is often chronic without treatment but SSRIs and other therapies can provide relief of symptoms.
This document provides an overview of treatment resistant schizophrenia, including definitions, prevalence, factors leading to treatment resistance, and management approaches. It notes that approximately 30% of schizophrenia patients do not adequately respond to initial treatment. Clozapine is identified as the gold standard treatment for resistant cases, though some patients remain resistant even to clozapine. The document discusses criteria for defining treatment resistance and response, as well as strategies for managing patients who are clozapine-resistant, including augmentation with other pharmacological or psychosocial approaches.
The document provides an overview of sleep and sleep disorders presented by Dr. Kaushik Nandi. It discusses the neurobiology of sleep and wakefulness including the arousal spectrum and sleep/wake switch regulated by neurotransmitters and brain regions like the hypothalamus. The stages of sleep are described based on EEG patterns and physiological characteristics. Assessment methods and classifications of sleep disorders by the DSM-5 and ICSD-3 are outlined. Insomnia disorder and Narcolepsy are explained in more detail regarding their diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology and treatment approaches.
An interactive case presentation during the monthly meeting of Early-career psychiatrists in Jeddah, SA. Basically, a case managed and supervised clinically by Dr Shokry Alemam, MD
The document provides a historical overview and current understanding of mood disorders as categorized in the DSM-5 and ICD-11 diagnostic systems. Some key points:
- Mood disorders include depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, with major categories being major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, bipolar I disorder, and bipolar II disorder.
- Important changes from previous editions include removing the bereavement exclusion in DSM-5 and adding specifiers like with anxious distress, with mixed features, and seasonal pattern.
- ICD-11 retains the mood disorders category and bipolar/related disorders grouping, with some organizational differences from DSM-5 like a
This document provides an overview of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs). It discusses the benefits of LAIs including consistent drug delivery and improved compliance. It then describes the pharmacology of first-generation LAIs such as fluphenazine, haloperidol, and zuclopenthixol. Second-generation LAIs including risperidone, paliperidone, and olanzapine are also reviewed in terms of their absorption, metabolism, and indications. The advantages and disadvantages of different LAIs are compared.
Amotivational syndrome is a psychiatric disorder characterized by a lack of motivation and reduced cognitive functioning. It was first described in the 1960s among long-term cannabis users. Chronic use of psychoactive substances like cannabis, cocaine, and medications like SSRIs can potentially cause changes in the brain's frontal lobe and serotonin/dopamine activity linked to symptoms of amotivational syndrome. These include reduced energy, passivity, introversion, apathy, poor concentration, and decreased desire for social interaction and work. Treatment involves medication to address neurological imbalances, counseling, lifestyle changes, and abstaining from psychoactive substance use. With treatment and abstinence, symptoms are potentially reversible within months.
The Mental Status Examination (MSE) is used to evaluate a patient's current mental and emotional functioning. It involves observing elements like appearance, behavior, mood, affect, thought process, and thought content. The MSE provides essential information for diagnosis and treatment planning when integrated with a patient's history.
This document provides an overview of the phenomenology of schizophrenia, including a historical perspective on how it has been conceptualized over time. It describes the clinical manifestations and thought disorders commonly seen in schizophrenia, such as formal thought disorders involving disorganized thinking, disorders of thought flow/tempo, disorders of thought possession, and disorders involving delusional thinking. It also briefly discusses misidentification syndromes that can occur.
This document discusses treatment resistant schizophrenia. It begins by defining schizophrenia and its symptoms. It then discusses the prevalence of schizophrenia in different populations. It notes that treatment resistant schizophrenia is defined as an inadequate response to at least two different antipsychotic medications. Clozapine is considered the treatment of choice for treatment resistant schizophrenia due to evidence from randomized controlled trials. However, clozapine also carries risks of adverse effects like agranulocytosis that require monitoring. The document discusses various treatment strategies and predictors of treatment resistant schizophrenia.
case presentation on mania presented by ajay morajaymor33
This document presents the case of a 23-year-old male patient presenting with symptoms of mania including irritability, wandering behavior, muttering to self, suspiciousness, loud speech, auditory hallucinations, and grandiosity. The patient has a 4-year history of untreated psychiatric illness with similar symptoms in the past requiring hospitalization. A family history of psychiatric illness is denied. The document defines mania and provides classification, etiology, clinical features, and objective/subjective symptoms of mania based on this patient's presentation and ICD-10 criteria.
mood disorders presentation is focused on mania, its definition, ICD -10 classification, stages of mania, its clinical features, etiology, medical management and nursing management.
Schneider outlined three features of healthy thinking and five features of formal thought disorder. Delusions are firm, fixed beliefs not based on reality that are not amenable to rational arguments. Delusions can be categorized as bizarre, non-bizarre, mood-congruent, or mood-neutral. Causes include genetic, biological, psychological and environmental factors. Major types include primary delusions involving mood/atmosphere, perception, memory, or ideas of awareness, as well as delusions of grandeur, persecution, or somatic concerns. Delusions can occur in psychiatric illnesses like brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, dementia, mood disorders, Parkinson's disease, and postpartum psychosis.
Dysthymia, or persistent depressive disorder, is a chronic form of depression that lasts for at least two years in adults and one year in children. Common symptoms include feelings of negativity, low self-esteem, and changes in appetite and sleep patterns. Approximately 3-6% of Americans experience dysthymia at some point. Women and African Americans have higher rates than other groups. Causes may include genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Treatment options include yoga therapy, which can help regulate mood and reduce stress through gentle stretching, breathing, and meditation exercises.
The document outlines the key aspects of conversion disorder including its definition, history, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, investigations, course and prognosis, and management. Conversion disorder involves symptoms or deficits affecting voluntary motor or sensory functions that are judged to have a psychological cause rather than a medical condition. It has been described since ancient Egypt and was further explored by Freud. Conversion disorder is more common in females and usually onset in late childhood to early adulthood.
This document provides a summary of typical antipsychotic drugs. It discusses the history of antipsychotics beginning with phenothiazines in the 1950s. It then classifies typical antipsychotics and describes their pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, indications, precautions, adverse reactions, and reviews several individual drugs including chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, and zuclopenthixol.
The dopamine hypothesis proposes that schizophrenia is caused by elevated dopamine levels in the brain, particularly at D2 receptors. Evidence for this comes from studies showing that drugs affecting dopamine can induce schizophrenia-like symptoms or worsen symptoms in patients. Post-mortem studies and PET scans have also found elevated dopamine levels and increased dopamine receptors in the brains of schizophrenia patients. However, the hypothesis does not fully explain aspects like why it takes weeks for anti-psychotic drugs to work if they block dopamine immediately, and does not account for negative symptoms or non-response in long-term patients. Overall, while dopamine appears involved, it may be an oversimplification to attribute schizophrenia solely to dopamine abnormalities.
This document discusses alcohol use disorders and their treatment. It defines key terms like acute intoxication, withdrawal state, and dependence syndrome. It describes the major symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. It also outlines chronic health complications of alcohol use like Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's psychosis. The document lists screening tools and treatments for alcohol dependence, including detoxification with benzodiazepines, vitamin supplementation, and approaches like psychotherapy, group therapy, and medications to reduce cravings or deter drinking.
1. Psychosis is common in epilepsy patients, occurring in 1-35% of cases and being 8 times more prevalent than in the general population.
2. Psychosis in epilepsy is classified as ictal, inter-ictal, post-ictal, or antiepileptic drug induced.
3. Diagnosis requires distinguishing psychosis in epilepsy from schizophrenia based on symptoms and personality features, and treatment involves careful use of antiepileptic and antipsychotic drugs due to interactions.
Tics are sudden, repetitive movements or sounds that involve discrete muscle groups. Tourette's syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by both motor and vocal tics which begin in childhood and are often linked to conditions like ADD and OCD. While there is no cure, tics typically improve after adolescence. Treatment options include medications, behavioral therapies, and supportive counseling to help manage symptoms and their social impact.
This document discusses schizophrenia and the atypical antipsychotic drug aripiprazole. It defines schizophrenia as a mental disorder where patients have difficulties determining what is real, thinking clearly, having normal emotions, and acting normally socially. It then describes the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The document outlines aripiprazole's uses in treating schizophrenia, bipolar mania, depression and agitation, as well as its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, side effects, drug interactions and comparisons to chlorpromazine. It concludes that aripiprazole is a second-generation antipsychotic that is better than chlorpromazine due to its partial agonist activity at dopamine D2 receptors resulting in milder extra
The document discusses the history, definition, classification and symptoms of mood disorders. It notes that mood disorders have been described since ancient times and includes descriptions of depression, mania, bipolar disorder and their symptoms. Unipolar disorders involve only depression while bipolar disorders involve both depression and mania or hypomania. The document outlines the DSM-5 and ICD-10 classification criteria and diagnostic features of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, dysthymia and cyclothymia.
The document provides information about mood disorders including statistics, types of mood disorders, diagnostic criteria, and features of specific disorders. Some key points:
- 15% of those diagnosed with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder commit suicide, making it a leading cause of death.
- Major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are characterized by episodes of depression and for bipolar disorder, episodes of mania or hypomania.
- Dysthymic disorder involves chronic depressed mood for most of the day for at least two years.
- Bipolar I disorder includes manic episodes that cause severe symptoms and impairment in functioning. It has a lifetime prevalence of about 1% and often involves other conditions as well
The document provides an overview of sleep and sleep disorders presented by Dr. Kaushik Nandi. It discusses the neurobiology of sleep and wakefulness including the arousal spectrum and sleep/wake switch regulated by neurotransmitters and brain regions like the hypothalamus. The stages of sleep are described based on EEG patterns and physiological characteristics. Assessment methods and classifications of sleep disorders by the DSM-5 and ICSD-3 are outlined. Insomnia disorder and Narcolepsy are explained in more detail regarding their diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology and treatment approaches.
An interactive case presentation during the monthly meeting of Early-career psychiatrists in Jeddah, SA. Basically, a case managed and supervised clinically by Dr Shokry Alemam, MD
The document provides a historical overview and current understanding of mood disorders as categorized in the DSM-5 and ICD-11 diagnostic systems. Some key points:
- Mood disorders include depressive disorders and bipolar disorders, with major categories being major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, bipolar I disorder, and bipolar II disorder.
- Important changes from previous editions include removing the bereavement exclusion in DSM-5 and adding specifiers like with anxious distress, with mixed features, and seasonal pattern.
- ICD-11 retains the mood disorders category and bipolar/related disorders grouping, with some organizational differences from DSM-5 like a
This document provides an overview of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs). It discusses the benefits of LAIs including consistent drug delivery and improved compliance. It then describes the pharmacology of first-generation LAIs such as fluphenazine, haloperidol, and zuclopenthixol. Second-generation LAIs including risperidone, paliperidone, and olanzapine are also reviewed in terms of their absorption, metabolism, and indications. The advantages and disadvantages of different LAIs are compared.
Amotivational syndrome is a psychiatric disorder characterized by a lack of motivation and reduced cognitive functioning. It was first described in the 1960s among long-term cannabis users. Chronic use of psychoactive substances like cannabis, cocaine, and medications like SSRIs can potentially cause changes in the brain's frontal lobe and serotonin/dopamine activity linked to symptoms of amotivational syndrome. These include reduced energy, passivity, introversion, apathy, poor concentration, and decreased desire for social interaction and work. Treatment involves medication to address neurological imbalances, counseling, lifestyle changes, and abstaining from psychoactive substance use. With treatment and abstinence, symptoms are potentially reversible within months.
The Mental Status Examination (MSE) is used to evaluate a patient's current mental and emotional functioning. It involves observing elements like appearance, behavior, mood, affect, thought process, and thought content. The MSE provides essential information for diagnosis and treatment planning when integrated with a patient's history.
This document provides an overview of the phenomenology of schizophrenia, including a historical perspective on how it has been conceptualized over time. It describes the clinical manifestations and thought disorders commonly seen in schizophrenia, such as formal thought disorders involving disorganized thinking, disorders of thought flow/tempo, disorders of thought possession, and disorders involving delusional thinking. It also briefly discusses misidentification syndromes that can occur.
This document discusses treatment resistant schizophrenia. It begins by defining schizophrenia and its symptoms. It then discusses the prevalence of schizophrenia in different populations. It notes that treatment resistant schizophrenia is defined as an inadequate response to at least two different antipsychotic medications. Clozapine is considered the treatment of choice for treatment resistant schizophrenia due to evidence from randomized controlled trials. However, clozapine also carries risks of adverse effects like agranulocytosis that require monitoring. The document discusses various treatment strategies and predictors of treatment resistant schizophrenia.
case presentation on mania presented by ajay morajaymor33
This document presents the case of a 23-year-old male patient presenting with symptoms of mania including irritability, wandering behavior, muttering to self, suspiciousness, loud speech, auditory hallucinations, and grandiosity. The patient has a 4-year history of untreated psychiatric illness with similar symptoms in the past requiring hospitalization. A family history of psychiatric illness is denied. The document defines mania and provides classification, etiology, clinical features, and objective/subjective symptoms of mania based on this patient's presentation and ICD-10 criteria.
mood disorders presentation is focused on mania, its definition, ICD -10 classification, stages of mania, its clinical features, etiology, medical management and nursing management.
Schneider outlined three features of healthy thinking and five features of formal thought disorder. Delusions are firm, fixed beliefs not based on reality that are not amenable to rational arguments. Delusions can be categorized as bizarre, non-bizarre, mood-congruent, or mood-neutral. Causes include genetic, biological, psychological and environmental factors. Major types include primary delusions involving mood/atmosphere, perception, memory, or ideas of awareness, as well as delusions of grandeur, persecution, or somatic concerns. Delusions can occur in psychiatric illnesses like brief psychotic disorder, delusional disorder, dementia, mood disorders, Parkinson's disease, and postpartum psychosis.
Dysthymia, or persistent depressive disorder, is a chronic form of depression that lasts for at least two years in adults and one year in children. Common symptoms include feelings of negativity, low self-esteem, and changes in appetite and sleep patterns. Approximately 3-6% of Americans experience dysthymia at some point. Women and African Americans have higher rates than other groups. Causes may include genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors. Treatment options include yoga therapy, which can help regulate mood and reduce stress through gentle stretching, breathing, and meditation exercises.
The document outlines the key aspects of conversion disorder including its definition, history, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, investigations, course and prognosis, and management. Conversion disorder involves symptoms or deficits affecting voluntary motor or sensory functions that are judged to have a psychological cause rather than a medical condition. It has been described since ancient Egypt and was further explored by Freud. Conversion disorder is more common in females and usually onset in late childhood to early adulthood.
This document provides a summary of typical antipsychotic drugs. It discusses the history of antipsychotics beginning with phenothiazines in the 1950s. It then classifies typical antipsychotics and describes their pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action, indications, precautions, adverse reactions, and reviews several individual drugs including chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, haloperidol, and zuclopenthixol.
The dopamine hypothesis proposes that schizophrenia is caused by elevated dopamine levels in the brain, particularly at D2 receptors. Evidence for this comes from studies showing that drugs affecting dopamine can induce schizophrenia-like symptoms or worsen symptoms in patients. Post-mortem studies and PET scans have also found elevated dopamine levels and increased dopamine receptors in the brains of schizophrenia patients. However, the hypothesis does not fully explain aspects like why it takes weeks for anti-psychotic drugs to work if they block dopamine immediately, and does not account for negative symptoms or non-response in long-term patients. Overall, while dopamine appears involved, it may be an oversimplification to attribute schizophrenia solely to dopamine abnormalities.
This document discusses alcohol use disorders and their treatment. It defines key terms like acute intoxication, withdrawal state, and dependence syndrome. It describes the major symptoms of alcohol withdrawal. It also outlines chronic health complications of alcohol use like Wernicke's encephalopathy and Korsakoff's psychosis. The document lists screening tools and treatments for alcohol dependence, including detoxification with benzodiazepines, vitamin supplementation, and approaches like psychotherapy, group therapy, and medications to reduce cravings or deter drinking.
1. Psychosis is common in epilepsy patients, occurring in 1-35% of cases and being 8 times more prevalent than in the general population.
2. Psychosis in epilepsy is classified as ictal, inter-ictal, post-ictal, or antiepileptic drug induced.
3. Diagnosis requires distinguishing psychosis in epilepsy from schizophrenia based on symptoms and personality features, and treatment involves careful use of antiepileptic and antipsychotic drugs due to interactions.
Tics are sudden, repetitive movements or sounds that involve discrete muscle groups. Tourette's syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by both motor and vocal tics which begin in childhood and are often linked to conditions like ADD and OCD. While there is no cure, tics typically improve after adolescence. Treatment options include medications, behavioral therapies, and supportive counseling to help manage symptoms and their social impact.
This document discusses schizophrenia and the atypical antipsychotic drug aripiprazole. It defines schizophrenia as a mental disorder where patients have difficulties determining what is real, thinking clearly, having normal emotions, and acting normally socially. It then describes the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The document outlines aripiprazole's uses in treating schizophrenia, bipolar mania, depression and agitation, as well as its mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, side effects, drug interactions and comparisons to chlorpromazine. It concludes that aripiprazole is a second-generation antipsychotic that is better than chlorpromazine due to its partial agonist activity at dopamine D2 receptors resulting in milder extra
The document discusses the history, definition, classification and symptoms of mood disorders. It notes that mood disorders have been described since ancient times and includes descriptions of depression, mania, bipolar disorder and their symptoms. Unipolar disorders involve only depression while bipolar disorders involve both depression and mania or hypomania. The document outlines the DSM-5 and ICD-10 classification criteria and diagnostic features of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, dysthymia and cyclothymia.
The document provides information about mood disorders including statistics, types of mood disorders, diagnostic criteria, and features of specific disorders. Some key points:
- 15% of those diagnosed with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder commit suicide, making it a leading cause of death.
- Major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are characterized by episodes of depression and for bipolar disorder, episodes of mania or hypomania.
- Dysthymic disorder involves chronic depressed mood for most of the day for at least two years.
- Bipolar I disorder includes manic episodes that cause severe symptoms and impairment in functioning. It has a lifetime prevalence of about 1% and often involves other conditions as well
ECT, also known as electroconvulsive therapy, is a psychiatric treatment where seizures are electrically induced in anesthetized patients for therapeutic effects. It was first introduced in 1938 and has been established for treating severe depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and other conditions when other treatments have failed. The document discusses the procedure of ECT, including electrode placement, electrical dosage, risks and side effects like cognitive impairment and memory loss. It also covers indications, contraindications, the process before, during, and after treatment, and notes that some patients may undergo ECT against their will if deemed a risk to themselves or others.
Bipolar disorder is a mental illness characterized by periods of depression and elevated mood. It is caused by both genetic and environmental factors. The document discusses the history, types, ages affected, facts, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatments, and medications related to bipolar disorder.
This document provides an overview of mood disorders including major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. It discusses categories of mood disorders, symptoms, treatment, nursing assessments, nursing diagnoses, outcomes, interventions, and evaluations. Special populations such as the elderly are also addressed. Suicide is described in terms of risk factors and the nurse's role in prevention and response.
A middle-aged man comes to counseling reporting severe depression with disturbed eating and sleeping habits and thoughts of self-harm to end his misery. His symptoms include loss of interest, low energy, difficulty concentrating, and insomnia. The document discusses depression in men, causes of depression including genetics and stress, common symptoms, and treatment options including medication, psychotherapy, and family support provided with unconditional acceptance and empathy.
A DSM 5 Update: Substance - Related And Addictive DisordersChat 2 Recovery
Within the next year, most insurance providers will be expecting all claims to include the new DSM-5 nomenclature. It is imperative for all mental health professionals to be comfortable with the new diagnostic criteria and recording procedures. This presentation provides participants with a clear understanding of the revisions made in the category of Substance - Related and Addictive Disorders from the DSM-IV to the DSM-5.
Topics presented by Nick Lessa, CEO of Inter-Care: an addiction treatment program in New York City.
Includes:
Changes in the diagnostic criteria from the DSM–IV to the DSM-5
The distinction between Substance Use Disorders and the Substance - Induced Disorders
Recording procedures for Substance Related Disorders
The document outlines various mental disorders, neurological disorders, and other conditions that may require clinical attention as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). It includes over 20 broad categories of disorders with numerous specific disorders listed under each category such as neurodevelopmental disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, depressive disorders, neurocognitive disorders, and substance abuse disorders. It also covers other conditions related to medical, environmental, and psychosocial issues.
Major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are mood disorders characterized by disturbances in mood and behavior ranging from depression to mania. Major depressive disorder involves at least two weeks of depressed mood or lack of interest in activities along with other symptoms. Bipolar disorder involves extreme mood swings between episodes of mania and depression. Both have genetic and biological factors and are treated with medication and psychotherapy. Accurate assessment and monitoring of symptoms is important for nursing care.
Bipolar disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of mania and depression. It is classified into Bipolar I and II based on the severity of manic episodes. The exact causes are unknown but genetic and biochemical factors are thought to play a role. Clinical features include changes in mood, energy, sleep patterns, and risk-taking behavior. Treatment involves mood stabilizers like lithium, antipsychotics, and antidepressants to control symptoms and prevent future episodes. Prognosis depends on factors like comorbidities, stress levels, and medication compliance.
This document provides information about mood disorders including definitions, classifications, symptoms, theories, and treatment. It discusses that mood disorders are characterized by disturbances in mood accompanied by depressive or manic syndromes. Several types of mood disorders are defined including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, persistent depressive disorder, and others. Biological, psychological, and social theories of mood disorders are also summarized.
The document discusses mood disorders including major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, and bipolar disorders. It provides diagnostic criteria for each disorder based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR). Symptoms are described for major depressive episodes, manic episodes, and hypomanic episodes. A case presentation is also included describing symptoms consistent with bipolar I disorder.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a psychiatric treatment where seizures are electrically induced under anesthesia to treat severe mental illnesses. While ECT was originally portrayed as dangerous in media, modern ECT is a safe and effective treatment when other options have failed. ECT involves placing electrodes on the head to deliver a brief electric stimulus while the patient is under anesthesia and muscle relaxation. This causes a seizure and can rapidly relieve severe depression or mania when administered in a series of sessions. While cognitive side effects like temporary confusion and memory loss are risks, ECT is considered low-risk when properly administered by a trained team. It remains a controversial treatment due to its portrayal in media and the small risk of cognitive impacts.
This document summarizes mood disorders including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, dysthymic disorder, and cyclothymic disorder. It discusses the symptoms, diagnostic criteria, prevalence, etiology, treatment goals, and pharmacotherapy options for these conditions. Key points include that major depressive disorder is more prevalent in women while bipolar disorder is equal between men and women; biological and psychosocial factors can contribute to the development of mood disorders; and treatment may involve hospitalization, psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and medications like SSRIs, SNRIs, lithium, and antipsychotics depending on the specific diagnosis.
The document describes the diagnostic criteria for several mood disorders including major depressive disorder, manic episode, hypomanic episode, mixed episode, dysthymic disorder, and recurrent major depressive disorder. The criteria include symptoms such as depressed mood, diminished interest, changes in appetite, insomnia, agitation, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, difficulty concentrating, and suicidal thoughts. The disorders are distinguished based on the duration and severity of symptoms as well as whether the individual has experienced only depressive symptoms or also manic/hypomanic symptoms.
The document describes bipolar affective disorder and its classification in the DSM-V. It discusses the diagnostic criteria for bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder, including symptoms of manic and hypomanic episodes. It also covers prevalence, risk factors, course, and differential diagnosis of bipolar disorder.
The document discusses several types of depressive disorders as defined in the DSM-V, including major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia), disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, and their diagnostic criteria. It provides details on the criteria for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, including requirements around temper outbursts and irritable mood. The document also discusses research on the prevalence, brain mechanisms, and treatment of these disorders.
Major depressive disorder is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, affecting nearly 17% of the population. It is characterized by depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure for at least two weeks, along with other symptoms such as changes in appetite, sleep, energy levels, concentration, feelings of worthlessness and thoughts of death or suicide. Biological factors like abnormalities in neurotransmitter systems, hormones, and sleep patterns are implicated in its etiology. Treatment involves medications and psychotherapy.
Case study CC26-year-old white female. Individual is AO x3.MaximaSheffield592
Case study
CC
26-year-old white female. Individual is A/O x3. Individual reports she was placed on medication during recent inpatient admission to psychiatric facility. Individual reports “it works a little too well. It makes me sleepy.” She reports originally going to the psychiatric facility because she could not sleep. Individual reports being diagnosed with Bipolar disorder. She reports losing 14 pounds within one week. Individual reports taking Gabapentin 600 mg in the morning, 600 mg at noon, and 1200 mg at night, and Abilify 5 mg at night. Individual complains of sleeping too much at night. Individual rates life 8/10 with 10 being total happiness. She denies S/I, H/I. individual reports that she has highs and lows. She reports she tried Lithium during inpatient admission “I had a really bad reaction. I had diarrhea.” DX; Bipolar I disorder (mixed); Mild depression. Plan; Gabapentin 600 mg tablet, 1.5 tablet nightly, Gabapentin 600 mg one tablet twice daily, Aripiprazole 5 mg one tablet nightly.
Mental function
PHQ-9 total core: 4, GAD-7 total score: 6
Vitals
Ht: 5’11”
Wt: 169 lbs
BMI: 23.57
Pain: 0/10
HPI
“Everything hit me like a freight train in January. I could not sleep.” Individual denies childhood trauma.
PMHx
Bipolar disorder
Hallucinations, delusions – Reports hallucinations and delusions when medications were adjusted.
Hyperlipidemia
PSHx
Comments: teeth pulled; cyst cut in back
FHx
Comments: Mother (living) Father (living), skin cancer (mets to brain)
Soc Hx
Alcohol: do not drink
Drug Abuse: No illicit drugs
Tobacco: Never smoker
Ob Preg Hx
Age of menses: 12
Allergies
No known medication allergies
ROS
Psychiatric: (+) change in mood, (-) depression, (-) sadness interfering with function, (+) anxiety, (+) nervousness, (-) sleep disturbance, (-) suicidal/homicidal ideations, (-) hopelessness, (+) worthlessness, (-) delusions, (-) hallucinations
Bipolar and Related Disorders
Bipolar and related disorders are separated from the depressive disorders in DSM-5 and placed between the chapters on schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders and depressive disorders in recognition of their place as a bridge between the two diagnostic classes in terms of symptomatology, family history, and genetics. The diagnoses included in this chapter are bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, cyclothymic disorder, substance/medication-induced bipolar and related disorder, bipolar and related disorder due to another medical condition, other specified bipolar and related disorder, and unspecified bipolar and related disorder.
The bipolar I disorder criteria represent the modern understanding of the classic manic-depressive disorder or affective psychosis described in the nineteenth century, differing from that classic description only to the extent that neither psychosis nor the lifetime experience of a major depressive episode is a requirement. However, the vast majority of individuals whose symptoms meet the criteria for a ful ...
Feeling Moody? Is it just a bad mood or is it a disorder?S'eclairer
This document provides information about several mood disorders: major depressive disorder, persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder types I and II, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and cyclothymic disorder. For each disorder, the document outlines key criteria for diagnosis, prevalence statistics, potential causes, and common treatment options involving medication and therapy.
This document provides information on several mental health disorders:
- Schizoaffective disorder affects about 1/3 as many people as schizophrenia. It involves psychotic symptoms and mood episodes.
- Substance/medication-induced psychotic disorder involves psychotic symptoms like delusions and hallucinations that develop due to substance use or medication.
- Catatonia involves disturbed psychomotor behavior and at least 3 of 12 features like stupor, negativism or mannerisms. It commonly occurs in schizophrenia or mood disorders.
This document provides information on mood disorders including depressive disorders and bipolar disorders. It defines key terms like major depressive episode and manic episode. It describes the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and cyclothymic disorder. It also provides case studies and discusses epidemiology, subtypes, course, and comorbidities of various mood disorders.
This document provides guidance on psychiatric formulation and management. It discusses conducting a descriptive formulation which provides an integrated summary of the patient's problems, history and examination findings. It also describes creating a dynamic etiological formulation to understand why the patient developed the disorder and potential predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors. Differential diagnoses, investigations and a provisional diagnosis using diagnostic criteria are also outlined. Management recommendations include both short and long-term approaches incorporating medical, psychological and social components. The document concludes with discussing prognostic factors for conditions like schizophrenia.
Depression, Bipolar and Co-Occurring Disorders will help counselors, social workers, marriage and family therapists, alcohol and drug counselors and addictions professionals get continuing education and certification training to aid them in providing services guided by best practices. AllCEUs is approved by the california Association of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counselors (CAADAC), NAADAC, the Association for Addictions Professionals, the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counseling Board of Georgia (ADACB-GA), the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC) and most states.
This document summarizes information on depression, dysthymia, mania, hypomania, bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and cyclothymia. It outlines the diagnostic criteria for major depressive episodes, dysthymia, manic episodes, hypomanic episodes, mixed episodes, bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and cyclothymia. It also discusses potential medical and substance-related causes that should be ruled out before making a psychiatric diagnosis. The document aims to provide an overview of depressive and bipolar disorders for clinical competency in diagnosing and differentiating between these conditions.
Bipolar II disorder is characterized by one or more major depressive episodes and at least one hypomanic episode. Individuals typically present during a depressive episode and may be unaware of hypomania. Impairment results more from depression and unpredictable mood changes rather than hypomanic episodes alone. Episodes must last at least 2 weeks for depression and 4 days for hypomania. Bipolar II affects about 0.8% of people in the US and typically begins in the mid-20s, with anxiety or substance abuse sometimes preceding diagnosis. Many experience multiple depressive episodes before a first hypomanic one.
Disorder for mood and very useful for psychiatryIshanJain1034
Psychosis involves a loss of contact with reality and can include delusions and hallucinations. It is distinguished from neurosis which involves chronic distress but not distortions in reality. Brief psychotic disorder involves psychotic symptoms for less than 1 month. Delusional disorder involves non-bizarre delusions for over 1 month. Schizoaffective disorder involves psychotic and mood symptoms. Psychosis can also be due to medical conditions or substance use.
BUS475 Approved Company List Spring 22 Students SelecVannaSchrader3
BUS475 Approved Company List
Spring 22
Students: Select a company from this list. You will research, write, and learn more about this
company throughout the course in discussion posts and assignments for a stronger understanding of
the interconnected relationship between business and society.
Depressive disorders include disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, major depressive disorder (including major depressive episode), persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia), premenstrual dysphoric disorder, substance/medication-induced depressive disorder, depressive disorder due to another medical condition, other specified depressive disorder, and unspecified depressive disorder. Unlike in DSM-IV, this chapter “Depressive Disorders” has been separated from the previous chapter “Bipolar and Related Disorders.” The common feature of all of these disorders is the presence of sad, empty, or irritable mood, accompanied by somatic and cognitive changes that significantly affect the individual’s capacity to function. What differs among them are issues of duration, timing, or presumed etiology.
In order to address concerns about the potential for the overdiagnosis of and treatment for bipolar disorder in children, a new diagnosis, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, referring to the presentation of children with persistent irritability and frequent episodes of extreme behavioral dyscontrol, is added to the depressive disorders for children up to 12 years of age. Its placement in this chapter reflects the finding that children with this symptom pattern typically develop unipolar depressive disorders or anxiety disorders, rather than bipolar disorders, as they mature into adolescence and adulthood.
Major depressive disorder represents the classic condition in this group of disorders. It is characterized by discrete episodes of at least 2 weeks’ duration (although most episodes last considerably longer) involving clear-cut changes in affect, cognition, and neurovegetative functions and inter-episode remissions. A diagnosis based on a single episode is possible, although the disorder is a recurrent one in the majority of cases. Careful consideration is given to the delineation of normal sadness and grief from a major depressive episode. Bereavement may induce great suffering, but it does not typically induce an episode of major depressive disorder. When they do occur together, the depressive symptoms and functional impairment tend to be more severe and the prognosis is worse compared with bereavement that is not accompanied by major depressive disorder. Bereavement-related depression tends to occur in persons with other vulnerabilities to depressive disorders, and recovery may be facilitated by antidepressant treatment.
A more chronic form of depression, persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia), can be diagnosed when the mood disturbance continues for at least 2 years in adults or 1 year in children. This diagnosis, new in DSM-5, ...
This document provides information on several dissociative and somatic symptom disorders. It defines dissociative amnesia, depersonalization/derealization disorder, and dissociative identity disorder. It also covers somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder, functional neurological symptom disorder, factitious disorder, and Munchausen syndrome. The diagnostic criteria for each disorder are outlined, including symptoms, duration, and impacts on functioning.
This document provides an overview of mood disorders, including bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. It discusses the classification, symptoms, diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, pathophysiology, etiology, presentation, differential diagnoses, screening tests, and management of mood disorders. The learning objectives are to describe mood and affect, classify mood disorders, identify the sources of mood disorders, determine the diagnostic criteria for depression, and describe proper management of depressive disorders.
This document provides an overview of brief psychotic disorder according to diagnostic criteria in the DSM-V. It describes the disorder as a short duration severe mental disorder involving impaired thoughts and emotions where contact with reality is lost. The document outlines the diagnostic criteria including presence of delusions, hallucinations or other specified psychotic symptoms for at least one day but less than one month, followed by a full return to normal functioning. It also discusses associated features, risk factors, differential diagnoses, cultural considerations and prevalence.
Similar to Cyclothymia and Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar and Related Disorder (20)
Homogenization of culture refers to the loss of diversity between cultural groups as local cultures are transformed or absorbed by a dominant outside culture, such as through the immense growth of the internet and increase in globalization. This leads to bigger markets but also the disadvantages of certain local cultures being lost.
Civic consciousness involves being aware of one's community and how to help as an individual. In the Philippines, civic consciousness is prioritized through incorporating it into the National Service Training Program (NSTP). The NSTP aims to enhance civic consciousness and defense preparedness in youth by developing ethics of service and patriotism through its three program components, which are designed to enhance the youth's active contribution to general welfare.
This document discusses different methods of program evaluation: the before-and-after method compares outcomes before and after a program, the comparison method compares one group to another or the norm, and the how-do-we-stand method identifies desirable outcomes and criteria to rate a program. It also outlines the evaluation process and lists several external evaluation associations for schools, colleges, and community agencies in the Philippines.
Illac Diaz is a social entrepreneur from the Philippines. He studied at Ateneo de Manila University and the Asian Institute of Management. He founded MyShelter Foundation to develop affordable housing solutions in the Philippines using sustainable materials. Some of MyShelter's projects include Pier One transient housing for seafarmers, Central Migrante housing in exchange for labor, and assisting women's peanut shelling cooperatives. Illac also created Liter of Light, a project that provides light to homes using recycled plastic bottles and a small amount of bleach. He has received several awards for social entrepreneurship.
The document discusses several theories of intelligence:
1. Thurstone's theory proposed intelligence is made up of seven primary mental abilities rather than one general factor.
2. Cattell distinguished between fluid intelligence (adaptive learning abilities) and crystallized intelligence (acquired knowledge and skills).
3. Guilford's theory identified 180 separate mental abilities composed of different types of content, operations, and products. He developed tests to measure these abilities.
4. Sternberg's triarchic theory proposed intelligence has three parts - contextual (sociocultural), experiential (insight and new ideas), and componential (information processing with performance and metacomponents).
The document discusses several influential theories and definitions of intelligence from prominent psychologists throughout history. It describes Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon's Binet-Simon Scale from the 1890s, which aimed to measure intellectual development in children. It also discusses Charles Spearman's two-factor theory distinguishing between general intelligence ("g") and specific abilities ("s"). Additionally, it outlines Lewis Terman's revision of the Binet-Simon test called the Stanford-Binet Individual Intelligence Test in 1906 and Edward Thorndike's stimulus response theory from 1903 measuring intelligence through completion, arithmetic, vocabulary, and direction tests.
This document defines key concepts in instructional technology. It provides definitions of technology and instructional technology from various scholars. Technology is defined as the systematic application of knowledge to practical tasks. Instructional technology is defined as applying knowledge of human learning to teaching and learning tasks. The document also summarizes components of instructional design for teachers, including lesson planning, determining learner abilities, content emphasis, instructional strategies and techniques, sequencing materials, and evaluation. Instructional development refers to designing instructional programs using objectives and systematic procedures by determining who learns what, how content is communicated, and how learning is assessed. The document outlines the ten elements of instructional design.
This document outlines Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory. Some key points include:
- Bandura viewed people as agents who can intentionally influence their own experiences through forethought, self-reactiveness, and self-reflectiveness.
- His famous Bobo doll experiment demonstrated that children can learn aggression through observation and imitation of models.
- Observational learning occurs through attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation processes. Factors like characteristics of the model, attributes of the observer, and consequences influence modeling.
- Bandura explored how aggression, inhumane behavior, moral disengagement, and self-efficacy impact social learning and behavior. He showed how social influences shape humans through observational learning.
This presentation was used as a requirement for a course.
It is about what survey is and also its types. All information is from the internet. Credits to the owners. (Sorry I wasn't able to put a section for the sources because the list got lost.)
CapTechTalks Webinar Slides June 2024 Donovan Wright.pptxCapitolTechU
Slides from a Capitol Technology University webinar held June 20, 2024. The webinar featured Dr. Donovan Wright, presenting on the Department of Defense Digital Transformation.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Cyclothymia and Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar and Related Disorder
1.
2. A. For at least 2 years (at least 1 year in children
and adolescents) there have been numerous
periods with hypomanic symptoms that do not
meet criteria for a hypomanic episode and
numerous periods with depressive symptoms
that do not meet criteria for a major depressive
episode.
B. During the above 2-year period (1 year in
children and adolescents), the hypomanic and
depressive periods have been present for at least
half the time and the individual has not been
without the symptoms for more than 2 months at
a time.
C. Criteria for a major depressive, manic, or
hypomanic episode have never been met.
3. D. The symptoms in Criterion A are not better
explained by schizoaffective disorder,
schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder,
delusional disorder, or other specified or
unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other
psychotic disorder.
E. The symptoms are not attributable to the
physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug
of abuse, a medication) or another medical
condition (e.g., hyperthyroidism).
F. The symptoms cause clinically significant
distress or impairment in social, occupational, or
other important areas of functioning.
4. The lifetime prevalence of cyclothymic
disorder is approximately 0.4%-l%.
Prevalence in mood disorders clinics may
range from 3% to 5%.
5. Among children with cyclothymic
disorder, the mean age at onset of
symptoms is 6.5 years of age.
6.
7. A. A prominent and persistent disturbance in
mood that predominates in the clinical picture
and is characterized by elevated, expansive, or
irritable mood, with or without depressed mood,
or markedly diminished interest or pleasure in
all, or almost all, activities.
B. There is evidence from the history, physical
examination, or laboratory findings of both
(1)and (2):
1. The symptoms in Criterion A developed during
or soon after substance intoxication or
withdrawal or after exposure to a medication.
2. The involved substance/medication is capable
of producing the symptoms in Criterion A.
8. C. The disturbance is not better explained by a
bipolar or related disorder that is not
substance/medication-induced. Such evidence of
an independent bipolar or related disorder could
include the following:
The symptoms precede the onset of the
substance/medication use; the symptoms persist
for a substantial period of time (e.g., about 1
month) after the cessation of acute withdrawal or
severe intoxication; or there is other evidence
suggesting the existence
of an independent non-substance/medication-induced
bipolar and related disorder (e.g., a
history of recurrent non-substance/medication-related
episodes).
9. D. The disturbance does not occur exclusively
during the course of a delirium.
E. The disturbance causes clinically
significant distress or impairment in social,
occupational, or other important areas of
functioning.
10. There are no epidemiological studies of
substance/medication-induced mania or
bipolar disorder. Each etiological substance
may have its own individual risk of inducing a
bipolar (manic/hypomanic) disorder.
11. In phencyclidine-induced mania, the initial
presentation may be one of a delirium with
affective features, which then becomes an
atypically appearing manic or mixed manic state.
This condition follows the ingestion or inhalation
quickly, usually within hours or, at the most, a
few days. In stimulant-induced manic or
hypomanic states, the response is in minutes to
1 hour after one or several ingestions or
injections. The episode is very brief and typically
resolves over 1-2 days. With corticosteroids and
some immunosuppressant medications, the
mania (or mixed or depressed state) usually
follows several days of ingestion, and the higher
doses appear to have a much greater likelihood
of producing bipolar symptoms.
12. This is from the DSM-V
By: Dela Cruz, Ma. Nancy C.
Bipolar Disorder type 3: Cyclothymia
Substance/Medication-Induced
Bipolar and Related Disorder
Editor's Notes
In the general population, cyclothymic
disorder is apparently equally common in males and females. In clinical settings, females
with cyclothymic disorder may be more likely to present for treatment than males.