Cyber crime has increased with the growth of internet usage. While the internet initially aimed to improve communication and research, it now enables crimes to be committed remotely from a computer. Some criminals began exploiting the internet for illegal acts in the 1980s, termed "cyber crimes". These can include hacking, theft of information, computer viruses, and other online offenses. While laws have been implemented to address cyber crimes, legislation alone cannot eliminate all criminal acts. Continued education of legal rights and responsibilities, as well as stringent enforcement of laws, are needed to help control cyber crime.

1. Cyber crime

2. In 1960s internet was developed for better
communication and research.With
advancement of technology and expansion of
internet every area becomes easy to access
but it also provides a pathway to commit
crimes easily without any effort only sitting
on a system.
Some human minds of criminal nature use
internet as a tool of crime which is now
known as cyber crime committed in all
countries first cyber crime reported in 1820

3.  Crime is a social and economic phenomenon
 “a legal wrong that can be followed by criminal
proceedings which may result into
punishment.”
definition : Crime is an intentional act of
commission or omission in contravention to
the law of the land and accordingly
punishable when proved in judicial
proceeding

4.  The term “cyber crime” was first coined by
Barry Collins in 1980’s
 “Any criminal activity that uses a computer
either as an instrumentality, target or a means
for perpetuating further crimes comes within
the ambit of cyber crime”
 A generalized definition of cyber crime may
be “ unlawful acts wherein the computer is
either a tool or target or both”

5.  Capacity to store data in comparatively small
space
 Easy to access
 Complex
 Negligence
 Loss of evidence
 Money
 Fun
 ego

6.  The cyber criminals constitute of various
groups/ category.The following are the
category of cyber criminals:
• Children and adolescents between the age
group of 6 – 18 years
• Organised hackers
• Professional hackers / crackers
• Discontented employees

7.  Conventional and new forms of crime
 White collar crime
 Organized crime
 Victimless crime

8.  Hacking
 Theft of information
 Packet sniffing
 spyware
 Data diddling
 Virus / worm attacks
 Logic bombs

9.  Trojan attacks
 Internet time thefts
 Web jacking

10. Packet Sniffers — Software programs that
monitor’s network traffic. Attackers use packet
sniffers to capture and analyze data
transmitted via a network. Specialized
sniffers capture passwords as they cross a
network
Spyware gathers information without the
users’ knowledge. Spyware is typically bundled
covertly
with another program.The user does not know that
installing one also installs the other. Once installed, the
spyware monitors user activity on the Internet and
transmits that information in the background to
someone else

11. Virus program or piece of code that
spreads from computer to computer
without the users’ consent.They usually
cause an unexpected and negative event
when run by a computer.Viruses
contaminate legitimate computer
programs
Wormsare wholly contained viruses that travel
through networks, automatically duplicate
themselves and send themselves to other computers
whose addresses are in the host computer.

12. Viruses are always embedded within
another file or program.Worm
: self-reproducing program which
propagates via the network.
Trojan horse: program which purports to
do one thing, but secretly does
something else; example:
free screen saver installs with a backdoor

13. Data diddling:This is altering raw
data just before a computer processes it and
then changing it back after the processing is
completed.
Denial of Service attack:The
computer is flooded with more requests
than it can handle which cause it to crash.
Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS) attack
is a example.

14. Web jacking:This term is derived from
the term hi jacking. In these kinds of offences
the hacker gains access and control over the
web site of another.
Email bombing: It refers to sending large
numbers of mail to the victim, which may be an
individual or a company by ultimately resulting
into crashing.

15. HackingIntrusion into computer system
without the permission of the computer
owner/user.

16. . IdentityTheft • A form of fraud in which a person
pretends to be someone else by assuming the other person’s
identity • Undertaken to access resources or obtain credit
and other benefits in the victim’s name .
E-mail spoofing• A technique used by hackers to send
mails in which sender’s address and other parts of the email
are altered. •This method is used to disguise the actual email
address from which phishing and spam messages are sent •
Motive: to trick users into providing personal and
confidential information

17. SQL injection
The ability to inject SQL commands into the
database engine through an existing application

18. Internal
Computer
crimes
Virus worms Trojan horses
Tele
communication
crimes
Phone breaking Phone tapping Hacking
Computer
Manipulation
Crimes
Embezzlements Frauds
Support of
Criminal
Enterprises
Data bases to
support drug
Distribution
Data bases to
keep records of
client
transaction
Money laundering
Hardware and
software
Theft
Software piracy Theft of computer
and microchips
Theft of trade
secrets

19. Classification of cyber crime
1. Against
Individuals
a. their person &
b. their property
of an individual
2. Against
Organization
a. Government
c. Firm, Company,
Group of
Individuals
3. Against Society
at large

20.  Harassment via e-mails.
 Cyber-stalking.
 Dissemination of obscene material.
 Defamation.
 Unauthorized control/access over computers
 Indecent exposure
 Email spoofing
 Cheating & Fraud

21.  Computer vandalism.
 Transmitting virus.
 Net trespass
 Unauthorized control/access over computers
 Intellectual Property crimes
 Internet time thefts

22.  Cyber terrorism against the government
organization.
 Distribution of pirated software etc.

23. CYBERTERRORISM
Scientific war against
Governments

24.  Cyber terrorism is the convergence of terrorism
and cyberspace. It is generally understood to
mean unlawful attacks and threats of attack
against computers, networks, and the
information stored therein when done to
intimidate or coerce a government or its people
in furtherance of political or social objectives.

25. LTTE AUM
Perpetrator Group/Individual Group/Individual
Place Sri
Lanka/London/Australia
Japan/US/Worldwide
Worldwide
Tool Threats/Violence/Recruitm
ent/Education/Strategies
Violence/Recruitment/
Education/Strategies
Target Government
Officials/Recruits
Governments
Motivation Social/PoliticalChange World Domination

26.  DETERRENCE
 CRIMINAL JUSTICE
 ENHANCED DEFENSE
 NEGOTIATIONS

27.  Pornography (basically child pornography)
 Polluting the youth through indecent
exposure
 Trafficking
 Financial crimes
 Sale of illegal articles
 Online gambling
 Forgery

29. Section 43 deals with the unauthorised access, unauthorised
downloading, virus attacks or any contaminant, causes
damage, disruption, denial of access, interference with
the service availed by a person
Section 65 deals with ‘tampering with computer source documents’
and provides for imprisonment up to 3 years or fine
Section 66 deals with ‘hacking with computer system’ and provides
for imprisonment up to 3 years or fine
section 67 deals with publication of obscene material and provides
for imprisonment up to a term of 10 years

30. .Use antivirus software’s
.Insert firewalls
.uninstall unnecessary software
.maintain backup
.check security settings
.Stay anonymous –
.choose a genderless screen name
.Never give your full name or address to strangers..

31.  To prevent cyber stalking avoid disclosing any
information pertaining to oneself.This is as good as
disclosing your identity to strangers in public place.
 Always avoid sending any photograph online
particularly to strangers and chat friends as there
have been incidents of misuse of the photographs.
 Always use latest and up date anti virus software to
guard against virus attacks.
 Always keep back up volumes so that one may not
suffer data loss in case of virus contamination
 Never send your credit card number to any site that is
not secured, to guard against frauds.

32.  Always keep a watch on the sites that your
children are accessing to prevent any kind of
harassment or depravation in children.
 Web site owners should watch traffic and check
any irregularity on the site. Putting host-based
intrusion detection devices on servers may do
this
 Web servers running public sites must be
physically separate protected from internal
corporate network.

33.  History is the witness that no legislation has
succeeded in totally eliminating crime from the globe.
 The only possible step is to make people aware of
their rights and duties (to report crime as a collective
duty towards the society) and further making the
application of the laws more stringent to check crime.
 Undoubtedly the IT Act is a historical step in the cyber
world. Further I all together do not deny that there is a
need to bring changes in the InformationTechnology
Act to make it more effective to combat cyber crime.