Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
This document provides an overview of cephalometrics including:
- Definitions of cephalometrics as the scientific measurement of the bones of the cranium and face using lateral radiographs.
- The goals of cephalometrics which are to evaluate relationships between the five major facial components.
- Types of cephalometric landmarks including anatomical, derived, hard tissue, and soft tissue landmarks.
- Examples of important cephalometric landmarks such as nasion, orbitale, pogonion, sella, point A, and point B.
- Classification of cephalometric lines and planes as horizontal or vertical including planes such as the SN plane, Frankfort horizontal, and mandibular plane.
This document discusses the management of open bite malocclusions. It begins by defining open bite and classifying it as either skeletal or dental in nature. Skeletal open bite is caused by excessive vertical growth of the jaws while dental open bite is due to reduced incisor height. Common etiologies of open bite include thumb sucking habits, tongue thrusting, and abnormal skeletal growth patterns. The document outlines various treatment approaches for different open bite classifications and etiologies.
The document discusses different methods of maxillary arch expansion in orthodontics, including slow expansion and rapid maxillary expansion. Slow expansion uses lighter forces over a longer period and can involve dental or skeletal changes. Rapid expansion applies greater force to separate the mid-palatal suture more quickly, but risks relapse. A variety of fixed and removable appliances are described for delivering expansion forces, including quad helix, W-arch, nickel-titanium wires, and expansion screws. The effects, indications, contraindications, and risks of both rapid and slow expansion techniques are compared.
This document summarizes Tweed's analysis of cephalometric landmarks and angles used in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. It describes Tweed's diagnostic facial triangle formed by the Frankfort horizontal plane, mandibular plane, and mandibular incisor plane. Norms for the angles FMA, FMIA, and IMPA are provided based on Tweed's studies. Shortcomings of the ANB angle in assessing jaw relationships are discussed. The Wits appraisal method is introduced as an alternative for measuring anteroposterior jaw disharmony. Related studies validating the Wits appraisal are summarized.
The document discusses various methods for analyzing dental study models, including analyzing models apart and in occlusion. It describes measuring arch length, tooth widths, and relationships to determine discrepancies and classify malocclusions. Mixed dentition analysis methods are also discussed, such as Huckaba's method which uses radiographs to estimate the sizes of unerupted teeth.
The document summarizes theories of orthodontic tooth movement including the pressure-tension theory and bone-bending theory. It discusses how application of orthodontic forces leads to remodeling changes in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone through pressure and tension sites. Key signaling molecules that mediate the biological response to orthodontic forces are also summarized, including prostaglandins, cytokines, and growth factors that regulate bone resorption and formation during tooth movement.
This document discusses the buccinator mechanism and its role in maintaining dental arch form and tooth position. It describes the buccinator muscle, its origin, insertion, and actions of drawing the corners of the mouth laterally and flattening the cheeks. The buccinator mechanism encircles the face along with other muscles. It balances pressure from the tongue to help stabilize tooth position. Malocclusions can result from abnormalities in buccinator or other facial muscle function. Myofunctional appliances used in orthodontics rely on muscle activity like that of the buccinator to help correct tooth alignment issues.
The document discusses orthodontic diagnosis and the essential and supplemental diagnostic aids used. It describes the key components of clinical examination including case history, medical history, dental history, and physical examination of the head, face, lips, nose, and chin. Clinical examination aims to evaluate oral health and function, identify the nature of malocclusions, and determine which diagnostic records are needed for diagnosis and treatment planning.
This document provides an overview of cephalometrics including:
- Definitions of cephalometrics as the scientific measurement of the bones of the cranium and face using lateral radiographs.
- The goals of cephalometrics which are to evaluate relationships between the five major facial components.
- Types of cephalometric landmarks including anatomical, derived, hard tissue, and soft tissue landmarks.
- Examples of important cephalometric landmarks such as nasion, orbitale, pogonion, sella, point A, and point B.
- Classification of cephalometric lines and planes as horizontal or vertical including planes such as the SN plane, Frankfort horizontal, and mandibular plane.
This document discusses the management of open bite malocclusions. It begins by defining open bite and classifying it as either skeletal or dental in nature. Skeletal open bite is caused by excessive vertical growth of the jaws while dental open bite is due to reduced incisor height. Common etiologies of open bite include thumb sucking habits, tongue thrusting, and abnormal skeletal growth patterns. The document outlines various treatment approaches for different open bite classifications and etiologies.
The document discusses different methods of maxillary arch expansion in orthodontics, including slow expansion and rapid maxillary expansion. Slow expansion uses lighter forces over a longer period and can involve dental or skeletal changes. Rapid expansion applies greater force to separate the mid-palatal suture more quickly, but risks relapse. A variety of fixed and removable appliances are described for delivering expansion forces, including quad helix, W-arch, nickel-titanium wires, and expansion screws. The effects, indications, contraindications, and risks of both rapid and slow expansion techniques are compared.
This document summarizes Tweed's analysis of cephalometric landmarks and angles used in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. It describes Tweed's diagnostic facial triangle formed by the Frankfort horizontal plane, mandibular plane, and mandibular incisor plane. Norms for the angles FMA, FMIA, and IMPA are provided based on Tweed's studies. Shortcomings of the ANB angle in assessing jaw relationships are discussed. The Wits appraisal method is introduced as an alternative for measuring anteroposterior jaw disharmony. Related studies validating the Wits appraisal are summarized.
The document discusses various methods for analyzing dental study models, including analyzing models apart and in occlusion. It describes measuring arch length, tooth widths, and relationships to determine discrepancies and classify malocclusions. Mixed dentition analysis methods are also discussed, such as Huckaba's method which uses radiographs to estimate the sizes of unerupted teeth.
The document summarizes theories of orthodontic tooth movement including the pressure-tension theory and bone-bending theory. It discusses how application of orthodontic forces leads to remodeling changes in the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone through pressure and tension sites. Key signaling molecules that mediate the biological response to orthodontic forces are also summarized, including prostaglandins, cytokines, and growth factors that regulate bone resorption and formation during tooth movement.
This document discusses the buccinator mechanism and its role in maintaining dental arch form and tooth position. It describes the buccinator muscle, its origin, insertion, and actions of drawing the corners of the mouth laterally and flattening the cheeks. The buccinator mechanism encircles the face along with other muscles. It balances pressure from the tongue to help stabilize tooth position. Malocclusions can result from abnormalities in buccinator or other facial muscle function. Myofunctional appliances used in orthodontics rely on muscle activity like that of the buccinator to help correct tooth alignment issues.
The document discusses orthodontic diagnosis and the essential and supplemental diagnostic aids used. It describes the key components of clinical examination including case history, medical history, dental history, and physical examination of the head, face, lips, nose, and chin. Clinical examination aims to evaluate oral health and function, identify the nature of malocclusions, and determine which diagnostic records are needed for diagnosis and treatment planning.
This document summarizes Dr. Pratik Yadav's journal club presentation on Downs WB Analysis of the dento-facial profile. It discusses the 10 parameters in Downs analysis, which includes 5 skeletal and 5 dental measurements. The parameters are measured based on landmarks and reference planes on lateral cephalograms. Downs analysis is one of the most commonly used cephalometric analyses originally developed based on Caucasian patients with excellent occlusion.
Steiner developed a cephalometric analysis method in 1953 using landmarks on the anterior cranial base. His analysis consisted of three parts: skeletal analysis measuring angles of the maxilla and mandible, dental analysis of upper and lower incisor positions, and soft tissue analysis using the "S line". The Steiner method provided a way to compensate for skeletal discrepancies by altering incisor positions to achieve normal occlusion. It was most effective for smaller malocclusions and not larger skeletal discrepancies.
Dr. James McNamara developed a cephalometric analysis method in 1984 to evaluate orthodontic and orthognathic surgery patients. The analysis divides the craniofacial skeleton into five sections - maxilla to cranial base, maxilla to mandible, mandible to cranial base, dentition, and airway. Linear measurements of landmarks and planes are compared to normative standards to assess relationships. Advantages include using primarily linear measurements, being more sensitive to vertical changes, and providing growth guidelines that are easily explained.
1. There are several methods to assess skeletal maturity including hand-wrist radiographs, cervical vertebrae shape assessment, and tooth development stages.
2. Hand-wrist radiographs can be assessed using the Greulich-Pyle atlas method or the Bjork, Grave, and Brown method which divides skeletal development into 9 stages.
3. Cervical vertebrae shape changes through 6 stages of maturation and can indicate how much growth remains.
4. Tooth development through 8 stages of calcification as shown in the Demirjian Index also corresponds to skeletal maturity.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document summarizes the functional matrix theory of bone growth proposed by Melvin Moss. The theory states that bone growth occurs as a response to functional needs mediated by soft tissues, rather than bones growing independently. Growth involves periosteal matrices altering bone size in response to soft tissue demands, and capsular matrices passively translating bones during expansion. Experiments on rats supported the theory by showing bones altered in size and shape following muscle resection. Clinical implications include functional appliances altering bone growth by changing soft tissue pressures.
This document discusses post-natal growth of the maxilla and mandible. It describes how the maxilla grows through primary and secondary translation at sutures, through surface bone remodeling, and through palatal remodeling which follows the 'V' principle. The mandible grows most during the post-natal period through growth at the condylar cartilage which pushes the mandible downward and forward. Both bones exhibit growth changes with age and can be affected by various developmental anomalies. Understanding their normal and abnormal growth is important for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
Frankles appliance Is a myofunctional appliance
Functional appliance are removable or fixed appliances that aim to utilize eliminate or guide the forces arising from muscle function,tooth eruption and growth inorder to alter skeletal and dental relationship
The document discusses the history and use of expansion screws in removable orthodontic appliances. It describes how expansion screws work to move teeth and skeletal structures as needed. Guidelines are provided for properly positioning expansion screws. Various types of expansion screw appliances are outlined, including the Schwarz expander, transverse expander, fan expander, Nord expander, and lower Schwarz appliance. Advantages and disadvantages of expansion screw appliances are also summarized.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Orthodontic Case History and ExaminationAhmed Gamil
The document discusses essential and supplemental diagnostic aids used in orthodontic diagnosis. Essential aids include case history, clinical examination, study models, and certain radiographs. Supplemental aids provide additional information and include specialized radiographs, electromyography, and biopsy. A thorough case history covers chief complaint, medical/dental history, and family history. Clinical examination assesses facial symmetry, profile, jaw relationships, and soft tissues. Essential radiographs aid in case evaluation and treatment planning.
This document provides information on headgear, including its components, principles of use, types, and applications in orthodontic treatment. Headgear delivers extraoral force from a cranial support to intraoral appliances. It consists of a facebow, force element, and head cap. Forces from headgear can distalize teeth and maxilla through different anchorage points. Types include cervical, occipital, and high pull headgear. Headgear is useful for orthopedic effects, anchorage reinforcement, molar distalization, and space maintenance.
This document provides information on band and loop space maintainers. It begins by introducing space maintainers and their objectives in maintaining arch integrity and guiding eruption of permanent teeth. It then discusses different types of space maintainers, including removable, fixed, functional and non-functional varieties. Specific appliances like band and loop, lingual arch, and distal shoe are explained. The document outlines the indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages of band and loop space maintainers. It provides details on the materials and instrumentation used in fabricating band and loop space maintainers. Overall, the document serves as an overview of band and loop space maintainers, their classification, objectives, considerations and fabrication.
Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN)Cing Sian Dal
The document describes the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), which comprises two parts - the Dental Health Component (DHC) and Aesthetics Component (AC). The DHC records malocclusions based on their significance for dental health using a 5-grade scale, where grades 1-2 indicate no need for treatment, grade 3 indicates borderline need, and grades 4-5 indicate need for treatment. The AC records aesthetics impairment using a 10-photo scale where grades 1-4 indicate no need for treatment, grades 5-7 indicate borderline need, and grades 8-10 indicate need for treatment. Measurements for various malocclusions like overjet, reverse
This document provides an overview of functional appliances used in orthodontic treatment. It begins with definitions of functional appliances and a brief history of their development. It then discusses the basis, classification, forces, treatment principles, indications, actions, case selection, and common appliances like the activator, frankel regulator, bionator, twin block, and Herbst appliance. It provides details on their design, indications, mode of action, and advantages. In summary, the document serves as a comprehensive guide to functional appliances, their development and use in orthodontic treatment.
Ackerman & proffit classification of malocclusionAli Waqar Hasan
This document describes the Ackerman-Proffit analysis system for orthodontic malocclusions. It evaluates malocclusions based on Angle's classification plus five additional characteristics: transverse and vertical discrepancies, crowding, asymmetry, and incisor protrusion. It also assesses the dental arch, profile, lip posture, incisor display, and presence of crossbites or open bites. Rotational deviations around transverse, antero-posterior, and vertical axes (pitch, roll, yaw) are also evaluated. Scoring is done on a scale of 0 to 5 based on severity of the malocclusion characteristics.
This document presents an overview of the activator appliance. It defines the activator, discusses its history and evolution. It outlines the indications and contraindications for activator use. The advantages and disadvantages are described. The components, mode of action, and modifications of different types of activators are explained. Case reports and references are also listed at the end. The document provides a comprehensive review of the activator appliance.
This document discusses different types of labial bows used in removable orthodontic appliances. A labial bow is an essential component that functions to retrude anterior teeth. There are several types including short and long labial bows, Roberts retractors, reverse labial bows, and Begg's labial bow. Each has a specific indication and method of fabrication and activation. The document reviews the components, placement, construction techniques, and functions of various labial bows used to correct malocclusions through minor tooth movements.
The document discusses various theories of craniofacial growth:
1. Remodelling theory states growth occurs through bone remodeling.
2. Genetic theory views growth as genetically programmed but influenced by environmental factors.
3. Sutural theory sees sutures as primary growth centers controlled by heredity and environment.
4. Cartilaginous theory views cartilage, not sutures, as primary growth centers, with cartilage transplants demonstrating growth potential.
5. Functional matrix theory proposes bone growth is primarily influenced by soft tissue function through adaptation.
That's a high-level three sentence summary of the key points made in the document about different theories of craniofac
Cephalometrics is the analysis of cephalometric radiographs to evaluate craniofacial structures and relationships. It is important for pediatric dentists to diagnose and treat developing malocclusions. Cephalometric landmarks are points on radiographs that guide measurements and plane construction. Common landmarks include nasion, sella, point A, point B, and pogonion. Tracings are made on acetate paper over radiographs using a sharp pencil to mark landmarks and assess skeletal and dental measurements and proportions.
Cephalometrics is the analysis and measurements made on cephalometric radiographs, which are standardized x-rays of the head used in orthodontics. Cephalometrics involves identifying anatomical landmarks, tracing radiographs, and analyzing relationships between craniofacial structures using reference planes and angular and linear measurements. It is an important diagnostic tool for orthodontists to evaluate dental and skeletal abnormalities, plan treatment, and assess treatment outcomes.
This document summarizes Dr. Pratik Yadav's journal club presentation on Downs WB Analysis of the dento-facial profile. It discusses the 10 parameters in Downs analysis, which includes 5 skeletal and 5 dental measurements. The parameters are measured based on landmarks and reference planes on lateral cephalograms. Downs analysis is one of the most commonly used cephalometric analyses originally developed based on Caucasian patients with excellent occlusion.
Steiner developed a cephalometric analysis method in 1953 using landmarks on the anterior cranial base. His analysis consisted of three parts: skeletal analysis measuring angles of the maxilla and mandible, dental analysis of upper and lower incisor positions, and soft tissue analysis using the "S line". The Steiner method provided a way to compensate for skeletal discrepancies by altering incisor positions to achieve normal occlusion. It was most effective for smaller malocclusions and not larger skeletal discrepancies.
Dr. James McNamara developed a cephalometric analysis method in 1984 to evaluate orthodontic and orthognathic surgery patients. The analysis divides the craniofacial skeleton into five sections - maxilla to cranial base, maxilla to mandible, mandible to cranial base, dentition, and airway. Linear measurements of landmarks and planes are compared to normative standards to assess relationships. Advantages include using primarily linear measurements, being more sensitive to vertical changes, and providing growth guidelines that are easily explained.
1. There are several methods to assess skeletal maturity including hand-wrist radiographs, cervical vertebrae shape assessment, and tooth development stages.
2. Hand-wrist radiographs can be assessed using the Greulich-Pyle atlas method or the Bjork, Grave, and Brown method which divides skeletal development into 9 stages.
3. Cervical vertebrae shape changes through 6 stages of maturation and can indicate how much growth remains.
4. Tooth development through 8 stages of calcification as shown in the Demirjian Index also corresponds to skeletal maturity.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The document summarizes the functional matrix theory of bone growth proposed by Melvin Moss. The theory states that bone growth occurs as a response to functional needs mediated by soft tissues, rather than bones growing independently. Growth involves periosteal matrices altering bone size in response to soft tissue demands, and capsular matrices passively translating bones during expansion. Experiments on rats supported the theory by showing bones altered in size and shape following muscle resection. Clinical implications include functional appliances altering bone growth by changing soft tissue pressures.
This document discusses post-natal growth of the maxilla and mandible. It describes how the maxilla grows through primary and secondary translation at sutures, through surface bone remodeling, and through palatal remodeling which follows the 'V' principle. The mandible grows most during the post-natal period through growth at the condylar cartilage which pushes the mandible downward and forward. Both bones exhibit growth changes with age and can be affected by various developmental anomalies. Understanding their normal and abnormal growth is important for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
Frankles appliance Is a myofunctional appliance
Functional appliance are removable or fixed appliances that aim to utilize eliminate or guide the forces arising from muscle function,tooth eruption and growth inorder to alter skeletal and dental relationship
The document discusses the history and use of expansion screws in removable orthodontic appliances. It describes how expansion screws work to move teeth and skeletal structures as needed. Guidelines are provided for properly positioning expansion screws. Various types of expansion screw appliances are outlined, including the Schwarz expander, transverse expander, fan expander, Nord expander, and lower Schwarz appliance. Advantages and disadvantages of expansion screw appliances are also summarized.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Orthodontic Case History and ExaminationAhmed Gamil
The document discusses essential and supplemental diagnostic aids used in orthodontic diagnosis. Essential aids include case history, clinical examination, study models, and certain radiographs. Supplemental aids provide additional information and include specialized radiographs, electromyography, and biopsy. A thorough case history covers chief complaint, medical/dental history, and family history. Clinical examination assesses facial symmetry, profile, jaw relationships, and soft tissues. Essential radiographs aid in case evaluation and treatment planning.
This document provides information on headgear, including its components, principles of use, types, and applications in orthodontic treatment. Headgear delivers extraoral force from a cranial support to intraoral appliances. It consists of a facebow, force element, and head cap. Forces from headgear can distalize teeth and maxilla through different anchorage points. Types include cervical, occipital, and high pull headgear. Headgear is useful for orthopedic effects, anchorage reinforcement, molar distalization, and space maintenance.
This document provides information on band and loop space maintainers. It begins by introducing space maintainers and their objectives in maintaining arch integrity and guiding eruption of permanent teeth. It then discusses different types of space maintainers, including removable, fixed, functional and non-functional varieties. Specific appliances like band and loop, lingual arch, and distal shoe are explained. The document outlines the indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages of band and loop space maintainers. It provides details on the materials and instrumentation used in fabricating band and loop space maintainers. Overall, the document serves as an overview of band and loop space maintainers, their classification, objectives, considerations and fabrication.
Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN)Cing Sian Dal
The document describes the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN), which comprises two parts - the Dental Health Component (DHC) and Aesthetics Component (AC). The DHC records malocclusions based on their significance for dental health using a 5-grade scale, where grades 1-2 indicate no need for treatment, grade 3 indicates borderline need, and grades 4-5 indicate need for treatment. The AC records aesthetics impairment using a 10-photo scale where grades 1-4 indicate no need for treatment, grades 5-7 indicate borderline need, and grades 8-10 indicate need for treatment. Measurements for various malocclusions like overjet, reverse
This document provides an overview of functional appliances used in orthodontic treatment. It begins with definitions of functional appliances and a brief history of their development. It then discusses the basis, classification, forces, treatment principles, indications, actions, case selection, and common appliances like the activator, frankel regulator, bionator, twin block, and Herbst appliance. It provides details on their design, indications, mode of action, and advantages. In summary, the document serves as a comprehensive guide to functional appliances, their development and use in orthodontic treatment.
Ackerman & proffit classification of malocclusionAli Waqar Hasan
This document describes the Ackerman-Proffit analysis system for orthodontic malocclusions. It evaluates malocclusions based on Angle's classification plus five additional characteristics: transverse and vertical discrepancies, crowding, asymmetry, and incisor protrusion. It also assesses the dental arch, profile, lip posture, incisor display, and presence of crossbites or open bites. Rotational deviations around transverse, antero-posterior, and vertical axes (pitch, roll, yaw) are also evaluated. Scoring is done on a scale of 0 to 5 based on severity of the malocclusion characteristics.
This document presents an overview of the activator appliance. It defines the activator, discusses its history and evolution. It outlines the indications and contraindications for activator use. The advantages and disadvantages are described. The components, mode of action, and modifications of different types of activators are explained. Case reports and references are also listed at the end. The document provides a comprehensive review of the activator appliance.
This document discusses different types of labial bows used in removable orthodontic appliances. A labial bow is an essential component that functions to retrude anterior teeth. There are several types including short and long labial bows, Roberts retractors, reverse labial bows, and Begg's labial bow. Each has a specific indication and method of fabrication and activation. The document reviews the components, placement, construction techniques, and functions of various labial bows used to correct malocclusions through minor tooth movements.
The document discusses various theories of craniofacial growth:
1. Remodelling theory states growth occurs through bone remodeling.
2. Genetic theory views growth as genetically programmed but influenced by environmental factors.
3. Sutural theory sees sutures as primary growth centers controlled by heredity and environment.
4. Cartilaginous theory views cartilage, not sutures, as primary growth centers, with cartilage transplants demonstrating growth potential.
5. Functional matrix theory proposes bone growth is primarily influenced by soft tissue function through adaptation.
That's a high-level three sentence summary of the key points made in the document about different theories of craniofac
Cephalometrics is the analysis of cephalometric radiographs to evaluate craniofacial structures and relationships. It is important for pediatric dentists to diagnose and treat developing malocclusions. Cephalometric landmarks are points on radiographs that guide measurements and plane construction. Common landmarks include nasion, sella, point A, point B, and pogonion. Tracings are made on acetate paper over radiographs using a sharp pencil to mark landmarks and assess skeletal and dental measurements and proportions.
Cephalometrics is the analysis and measurements made on cephalometric radiographs, which are standardized x-rays of the head used in orthodontics. Cephalometrics involves identifying anatomical landmarks, tracing radiographs, and analyzing relationships between craniofacial structures using reference planes and angular and linear measurements. It is an important diagnostic tool for orthodontists to evaluate dental and skeletal abnormalities, plan treatment, and assess treatment outcomes.
ANDREWS STRAIGHT WIRE APPLIANCE 1 and 2.pptxSadhuAbhijeet
The document discusses the history and development of the Andrews Straight Wire appliance. It describes Dr. Lawrence Andrews' research over 10 years collecting over 120 casts of individuals with optimal untreated occlusion. From this research, Andrews identified six consistent characteristics, called the "Six Keys to Optimal Occlusion". Extensive measurements were then taken of the casts to determine tooth positions and relationships. This led to the design of the fully programmed Andrews Straight Wire appliance, which is designed to guide teeth into positions matching the six keys without requiring as many archwire bends as non-programmed appliances. The keys and measurements aimed to eliminate the need for first order bends in treatment with the Straight Wire appliance.
This study examined the curve of Spee, the anatomic curve formed by the buccal cusp tips of posterior teeth from the canine to the second molar, in the maxillary and mandibular dental arches of 50 healthy young adults. The mean radius of the curve of Spee was 106.4 mm in the maxilla and 83.4 mm in the mandible. The mean depth was 1.6 mm in the maxilla and 1.9 mm in the mandible. The curve of Spee was significantly flatter in the maxilla than the mandible but did not differ between males and females. Understanding the curve of Spee is important for dental reconstruction and developing proper occlusion.
Arch forms 1 /orthodontics course training by Indian Dental Academy /certifie...Indian dental academy
This document discusses different concepts of dental arch forms that have been proposed over time. It begins with an introduction to arch forms and their importance in orthodontic treatment. It then covers concepts such as Bonwill's, Angle's Line of Occlusion, the apical base concept, caternary arch form, Brader arch form, Rocky Mountain Data System, Roth's Tru Arch form, and Ricketts' pentamorphic arch forms. It discusses studies that have evaluated different arch forms and concluded there is no single ideal universal arch form, advocating for individualized arch forms based on each patient. The document provides an overview of the historical development of thinking around dental arch forms.
This document discusses various methods for analyzing dental casts and radiographs to predict the size of unerupted teeth during mixed dentition, including Moyer's analysis, Tanaka-Johnston analysis, Ballard-Wylie analysis, and the use of prediction charts combined with radiographs like the Hixon-Oldfather method. It provides details on the procedures, advantages, and limitations of each approach. Mixed dentition analysis is important for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning to determine if space needs to be maintained, gained, or if extractions will be required.
Mandibular arch form the relationship between dental and basal anatomyEdwardHAngle
We investigated mandibular dental arch form at the levels of both the clinically relevant application points of the orthodontic bracket and the underlying anatomic structure of the apical base. The correlation of both forms was evaluated and examined to determine whether the basal arch could be used to derive a standardized clinical arch form.
This document discusses various methods of mixed dentition analysis used to predict the size of unerupted permanent teeth during childhood. It describes Moyer's, Tanaka Johnston, Hixon-Oldfather, Nance, Ballard and Wylie, and Huckaba methods. Each method uses dental casts and sometimes radiographs to measure erupted teeth and predict unerupted tooth sizes using regression equations or charts. The most accurate methods are Hixon-Oldfather and refinements like Staley-Kerber, but other methods may be more practical or applicable to different populations.
Dental arch forms /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Angles classification and cephalometric /certified fixed orthodontic courses ...Indian dental academy
The document discusses evaluating facial prognathism and sagittal apical base difference using Angle's malocclusion classifications and cephalometric measurements. It aims to correlate Angle's classes with measurements of facial prognathism (SNA, SNB) and sagittal differences (ANB, Wits). The study analyzed 100 patients classified into Classes I, II, III and measured SNA, SNB, ANB, Wits from lateral cephalograms. It found significant correlations between Angle's classes and the skeletal variables, with Classes I and II showing prognathic maxillas, retruded mandibles and Class II skeletal bases, while Class III showed the reverse. There was also very high correlation between ANB
This document discusses various methods of mixed dentition analysis used to predict the size and space needed for unerupted permanent teeth based on measurements of erupted primary and permanent teeth. It describes Nance analysis, Huckaba's method, Moyer's analysis, Tanaka Johnston analysis, Hixon-Oldfather prediction method, and Staley and Kerber method. The document emphasizes that mixed dentition analysis helps evaluate space availability and plan treatment during the transition from primary to permanent dentition.
This document provides an overview of cephalometrics, including its definition, history, equipment, types of cephalograms, objectives, uses, landmarks, and various analysis methods. Cephalometrics is a radiographic technique for analyzing the geometry of the human head. It has given orthodontists a way to evaluate dental problems within the dentofacial complex. Common analyses discussed include those developed by Downs, Steiner, Tweed, Wits, and McNamara. Despite limitations, cephalometrics can be a useful diagnostic tool when used logically.
Space analysis is used to assess dental occlusion from multiple angles and measure teeth, arches, and bones. Study cast analysis allows a 3D assessment of dental arches and occlusion. Space analysis compares the space available for tooth alignment to the space required to properly align teeth. Various techniques like Moyers Mixed Dentition Analysis and Nance Carey's analysis are used to estimate the sizes of unerupted teeth and determine space requirements in the mixed dentition.
Jaw relation and facebow transfer / Dental Crown and bridge coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Mc namara analysis /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental acad...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
transverse dentoskeletal features of anterior open bite in the mixed dentitio...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Relationship between dental arch width and vertical facial morphology in unt...EdwardHAngle
The objectives of this study were to investigate if a relationship exists between dental arch width and the vertical facial pattern determined by the steepness of the mandibular plane, and to examine the differences in dental arch widths between male and female untreated adults. Lateral cephalograms and dental casts were obtained from 185 untreated Caucasians and measurements of arch width and mandibular plane angle were taken. The results showed that male arch widths were significantly larger than females and that as the mandibular plane angle increased, arch width decreased for both males and females. It was concluded that dental arch width is associated with gender and facial vertical morphology.
COGS analysis (Cephelometrics for orthognathic surgery) / fixed orthodontics ...Indian dental academy
This document provides an overview of the COGS (Cephalometrics for Orthognathic Surgery) analysis. It begins with an introduction to cephalometrics and then describes the various landmarks, measurements, and analyses used in COGS. The COGS analysis examines both hard and soft tissues, including cranial base, skeletal, dental, soft tissue, and facial forms analyses. It uses linear and angular measurements to evaluate features like jaw positions, facial heights and widths, tooth angulations, and overall facial contour. The document outlines the typical landmarks, reference planes, and normative values for each measurement in the COGS analysis.
Similar to Curve of spee /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy (20)
Opportunity for Dentists (BDS/MDS )to relocate to United kingdom -Register as a DENTAL HYGIENIST/ DENTAL THERAPIST without Board exams and after approval you can register in GDC as a DH/DT and start working as a DH/DT Immediately and get paid.
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at the appropriate level.(Within 2 yrs of application date )
2: A recent primary dental qualification that has been taught and examined in English..(Within 2 yrs of application date )
3: A recent pass in a language test for registration with a regulatory authority in a country where the first language is English.
If you are interested Please contact us for more details.
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals
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Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
I –Aligners are made with FDA approved transparent thermoplastic materials using 3D scanning, 3D Printing and finally Trays with Pressure vacuum formers.
Dear Doctor,
Indian Dental Academy Now offers comprehensive online Orthodontics course.
Course includes:
1.whiteboard lecture presentations
2.Case Discussions
3.with hundreds of pictures.
4.Demo on Models
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Please contact us for any clarifications:
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indiandentalacademy@gmail.com
Thanks & Regards
Indian Dental Academy
--
Indian Dental Academy
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
skype:indiandentalacademy
+919248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
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Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
This document discusses dental occlusion concepts and philosophies for complete dentures. It introduces key terms like physiologic occlusion and defines different occlusion schemes like balanced articulation and monoplane articulation. The document discusses advantages and disadvantages of using anatomic versus non-anatomic teeth for complete dentures. It also outlines requirements for maintaining denture stability, such as balanced occlusal contacts and control of horizontal forces. The goal of occlusion for complete dentures is to re-establish the homeostasis of the masticatory system disrupted by edentulism.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
This document discusses dental casting investment materials. It describes the three main types of investments - gypsum bonded, phosphate bonded, and ethyl silicate bonded investments. For gypsum bonded investments specifically, it details their classification, composition including the roles of gypsum, silica, and modifiers, setting time, normal and hygroscopic setting expansion, and thermal expansion. It provides information on how the properties of gypsum bonded investments are affected by their composition. The document serves as a comprehensive overview of dental casting investment materials.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
Curve of spee /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
1. Curve of spee
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.com
2. HISTORY
• F Graf Von Spee,
who used skulls with
abraded teeth to
define aline of
occlusion first
described the Curve
of Spee in 1890.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
3. DEFINITION
• Spee: from a profile
view, the molar
surface lie on the arch
of circle which,
continued posteriorly
touches the anterior
border of condyle.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
4. • Central axis:
Central axis of the
cylinder is located
some where on the
horizontal midorbital
plane posterior to the
“Cristalacrimalis
Posterior”
www.indiandentalacademy.com
5. CURVE OF SPEE REVISITED
• Some of spee hypotheses were tested by
Hitchock (1983), he established the circle
through contract point on the anterior
border of the Condyle and occlusal
surface of second and first molar.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
6. • In most of the
sample the
incisor tip
could not be
included along
the arch from
such a curve.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7. •
Curve of Spee:
A. Original Curve of Spee (Von Spee)
B. Craniel Curve of Spee
C. Flat Curve of Spee
www.indiandentalacademy.com
8. • In Orthodontics:
A flat occlusal plane is more appropriate
term to describe the goal of orthodontic
treatment.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
9. CLINICAL DEFINITION OF
FLAT CURVE OF SPEE
• Hitchcock (1983):
The curve of spee is determined by the
distal marginal ridges of the most posterior
teeth in the arch and incisal edges of the
Central Incisors
www.indiandentalacademy.com
10. • Glossary (1994):
Anatomic curve established by the
occlusal alignment of the teeth beginning
with the Cusp tip of the mandibular
Canine and following the buccal cusp tips
of the premolar and molar teeth.
Similar definitions are given by Ash (1971)
www.indiandentalacademy.com
11. • There is not agreement on the precise
definition and morphology of the curve
of spee and also on radius of curve of
spee.
•
•
•
•
Dawson (1989) 4 inches (101.6 mm)
Orthlieb (1997) 80 mm
Hitchock (1983) 69.1 mm
Spee
65mm – 70mm
www.indiandentalacademy.com
13. REASEARCH MAN
JOURNAL
THE WAY OF
MEASUREMENT
Brauns & Hnat
AJO 1996
Maximum depth of
both side
Brauns & Schmit
AJO 1956
The sum of maximum
depth of both side
Junger De Practer
AJO 2002
Average of sum of
maximum depth of
both side
Bulent Baydas
Angle orthodontist
2004
Perpendicular
distance of deepest
cusp tip and flat plan
www.indiandentalacademy.com
14. REASEARCH MAN
JOURNAL
THE WAY OF
MEASUREMENT
Bishara
AJO 1989
Average of sum of
perpendicular
distance to each cusp
Sondhi
AJO 1980
Average of sum of
perpendicular
distance to each cusp
Abdul Azizkh
AJO 1999
Perpendicular
distance of deepest
cusp tip and flat plan
www.indiandentalacademy.com
15. REASEARCH MAN
JOURNAL
THE WAY OF
MEASUREMENT
Masaomi
AJO 2003
Perpendicular
distance of deepest
cusp tip and flat plan
Iwasawa
J JPN Orthod Soc
Perpendicular
distance of deepest
cusp tip and flat plan
Ferdinand Lie
Eu J Ortho 2006
Perpendicular
distance of deepest
cusp tip and flat plan
www.indiandentalacademy.com
17. LENGTH OF CURVE OF SPEE
RESEARCH MAN
JOURNAL
LENGTH
Ferdinand Lie
Masaomi
Stanely Braun
Abdul Aziz kh
Bulent Bayndas
EUR J Ortho 2006
EUR J Ortho 2003
AJO 1996
AJO 1999
Angle 2004
2 to
1 to
1 to
1 to
1 to
Jurgen De Draeter
Sondhi
AJO 2002
AJO 1980
2 to 6
2 to 6
Farella M
Hui Xu
EUJ J oral 2002
J Prosthet 2004
3 to 7
3 to 7
www.indiandentalacademy.com
7
7
7
7
7
18. • Brief resume of the intended work:
The assessment of the depth of curve of spee is
a critical point for the orthodontic diagnostic &
treatment protocol and leveling the curve of
spee is a routine procedure in orthodontic
practice but the influence of craniofacial
morphology on the curve of spee has been
investigated in very few studied and with
conflicting findings.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
19. NEED FOR THE STUDY:
•
The need for the study therefore, is to
determine the relationship between the
curve of spee and several features of
craniofacial morphology.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
20. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
•
A study1 was done to demonstrate more
characteristics of normal occlusion continued &
identified six characteristics that were present
in 120 non-orthodontic models that displayed
normal occlusion. The sixth characteristics to
normal occlusion relates to curve of spee.
research stated that there is a natural
tendency for the curve of spee to deepen with
time.
•
Andrews LF: the six Keys to normal occlusion.
Am J orthod. 1972;62:296-309
www.indiandentalacademy.com
21. •
The study was2 done to evaluate the dept of the curve
of spee in relation to FMA, FH, ANB and dental class
the test has showed that there are not significant
variations of spee’s curve dept in relation with skeletal
parameters (FMA and FH) and it has showed
significant variations as regards horizontal (ANB)and
occlusal (dental class) parameters. The average value
of spees curve of skeletal and dental III classes has
turned out to be systemically lower than that of other
classes.
•
GhezziF, DragoE, DethomatisP,ZqallioF: Depth of
the curve of spee inrelatin to FMA, FH,ANB and
dental class. Mondo orthod.1991 Jan-Feb:16(1):736
www.indiandentalacademy.com
22. •
A study 3 was done to evaluate the intrinsic
morphology of the mandiblular curve of spee.
Gender differences were found in both sides.
While side differences were found only in the
male sample. The right and left male sides
showed different Concavities. The right hand
side being flatter than the left. Male curves
appeared larger than female ones. The left
hand side was significantly larger than the right
regardless of gender.
•
Ferrario VF, Sf or ZaC, Miani AJr, Colombo
A, Tartaglia: Mathematical definition of the
curve of spee inwww.indiandentalacademy.com
permanent healthy dentitions
in man. Arch oral Biol.1992 sep-37 (9):691-4
23. • A study 4 was done to investigate whether the
orthodontic leveling of the curve of spee is a treatment
procedure with a stable result on a longterm basis. The
following results were noted. Leveling the curve of spee
during orthodontic treatment seems to be very stable on
along term basis it was correlated with the other
variables tested.
• De praeterJ, Dermaut L, Martens G, Kuijpers –
Jagtman AM: Long- term stability of the Leveling
of the curve of spee Am J orthod Detofacial
Orthop. 2002 Mar; 121(3):266-271
www.indiandentalacademy.com
24. • The study 5 was conducted to investigate the
relationship between the curve of spee and skeletal
facial morphology the result showed the curvature was
significantly related to (a) horizontal positon of the
condyle with respect to the dentition (b) the sagittal
position of the mandible with respect to the anterior
cranial base no significant relationship was found
between the curve of spee and any of other
cephalometric variables.
• Farella M, MichelottiA, Van Eijden TMGJ.
Martina R: The Curve of spee and Craniofacial
morphology: a multiple regression analysis Eur J
oral Sci 2002; 110: 277-281.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
25. •
The study 6 was done to investigate the relationship
between the depth of the curve of spee and positons of
upper an lower incisor, overjet, overbite and anterior
lower crowding the subjects were divided into three
groups with normal spee, flat spee and deep spee and
were compared with one another correlation coefficient
between the depth of curve of spee and other variables
were calculated the result showed that there were no
statistically significant.
•
Baytas B, YavuzI, Atasaral N, Ceylan I DagsuyuIM:
Investigation of the changes in the positions of upper
and lower incisors, overbite and irregularity index in
subjects with different depths of curve of spee.
Angle orthod. 2004 Jun; 74 (3):349-55
www.indiandentalacademy.com
26. MATERIALS & METHOD
Patients reporting to out- patient section of
Dept.of Orthodontics, Yenpoya Hospital having
satisfactory periodontal health will be selected
for the study all the subject should be healthy
with complete dentition with no history of
orthodontic treatment with no severe
craniofacial disorders. Such as cleft palate with
no absent maxillary and mandibular permanent
teeth except for the third molars.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
27. METHOD OF COLLECTION OF
DATA
•
After the patient selection the routine
records are aquired which includes:
–
–
–
–
Case history
Study models
Photographs
Lateral cephalometric radiographs
www.indiandentalacademy.com
28. PHOTOGRAPHS
• Standardized photographs will make of the
mandibular study models out of the
occlusion from the left and right sides with
the buccal tooth surfaces aligned in the
same plane. The photographs will take in
a plane perpendicular to the occlusal
plane tangent to the buccal surface of the
first molar and canine and centered on the
first premolar. A ruler will included in all
photographs to determine magnification.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
29. • The depth of curve of spee will measure
as the perpendicular distance between the
deepest Cusp tip and flat paln that will
Lalid on top of the mandibular dental cast.
Touching the incisal edges of the central
incisors and the distal cusp tips of the
most posterior in the lower arch.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
30. •
The three spee group will classified as
follows.
–
–
–
Normal spee group the depth of curve spee
will >2mm but ≤ 4mm
Flat spee group the depth of curve of spee
will ≤ 2mm
Deep spee group the depth of curve of spee
will > 4mm
www.indiandentalacademy.com
31. •
•
The cephalometric radiographs will
exposed using standard method.
Statistical analysis will be used in the
study are ANOVA and student ‘t’ test.
www.indiandentalacademy.com