The document discusses Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA), which is a parallel computing platform and programming model created by Nvidia that allows software developers to use GPUs for general-purpose processing. It provides an overview of CUDA, including its execution model, implementation details, applications, and advantages/drawbacks. The document also covers CUDA programming, compiling CUDA code, CUDA architectures, and concludes that CUDA has brought significant innovations to high performance computing.

2. Seminar „11 CUDA
Contents
1 WHAT IS CUDA ??????
2 EXECUTION MODEL
3 IMPLEMENTATION
4 APPLICATION
3/17/2012 2

3. Seminar „11 CUDA
What is CUDA ??????
 CUDA – Compute Unified Device
Architecture
 Hardware and software architecture
 For computing on the GPU
 Developed by Nvidia in 2007
 GPU
 Do massive amount of task simultaneously and quickly by
using several ALUs
 ALUs are programmable by Graphics API
3/17/2012 3

4. Seminar „11 CUDA
What is CUDA ??????
 Using CUDA – No need to map GPU towards Graphics APIs
 CUDA provides number crunching very fast
 CUDA is well suited for highly parallel algorithms and
large datasets
 Consists of heterogeneous programming model and
software environment
 Hardware and software models
 An Extension of C programming
 Designed to enable heterogeneous computation
 Computation with CPU &GPU
3/17/2012 4

5. Seminar „11 CUDA
CUDA kernels & threads
 Device = GPU
 Executes parallel portions of an application
as kernels
 Host = CPU
 Executes serial portions of an application
 Kernel = Functions that runs on device
 One kernel at one time
 Many threads execute each kernel
 Posses host and device memory
 Host and device connected by PCI
EXPRESS X16
3/17/2012 5

6. Seminar „11 CUDA
Arrays parallel threads
 A CUDA kernel is executed by an array of threads
 All threads run the same code
 Each thread has ID uses to compute memory addresses
3/17/2012 6

7. Seminar „11 CUDA
Thread batching
 Thread cooperation is valuable
 Share results to avoid redundant computation
 Share memory accesses
 Thread block = Group of threads
 Threads cooperate together using shared memory and
synchronization
 Thread ID is calculated by
 x+yDx (for 2 dimensional block)
(x,y) – thread index
(Dx,Dy) – block size
3/17/2012 7

8. Seminar „11 CUDA
Thread Batching (Contd…)
 (x+yDx+zDxDy) (for 3 dimensional block)
(x,y,z) – thread index
(Dx,Dy,Dz) – block size
 Grid = Group of thread blocks
3/17/2012 8

9. Seminar „11 CUDA
Thread Batching (Contd…)
 There is block ID
• Calculated as thread ID
 Threads in different blocks cannot cooperate
3/17/2012 9

10. Seminar „11 CUDA
Transparent Scalability
 Hardware is free to schedule thread blocks on any
processor
 A kernel scales across parallel multiprocessors
3/17/2012 10

11. Seminar „11 CUDA
CUDA architectures
Architecture’s Codename G80 GT200 Fermi
Release Year 2006 2008 2010
Number of Transistors 681 million 1.4 billion 3.0 billion
Streaming Multiprocessors
16 30 16
(SM)
Streaming Processors (per
8 8 32
SM)
Streaming Processors (total) 128 240 512
Configurable 48
Shared Memory (per SM) 16 KB 16 KB
KB or 16 KB
Configurable 16
L1 Cache (per SM) None None
KB or 48 KB
3/17/2012 11

12. Seminar „11 CUDA
8 & 10 Series Architecture
G80
GT200
3/17/2012 12

13. Seminar „11 CUDA
Kernel memory access
 Per thread
Thread
 Per block
Block
 Per device
3/17/2012 13

14. Seminar „11 CUDA
Physical Memory Layout
 “Local” memory resides in device DRAM
 Use registers and shared memory to minimize local memory use
 Host can read and write global memory but not shared
memory
3/17/2012 14

15. Seminar „11 CUDA
Execution Model
 Threads are executed
by thread processors
 Thread blocks are
executed by
multiprocessors
 A kernel is launched as
a grid of thread blocks
3/17/2012 15

16. Seminar „11 CUDA
CUDA software development
3/17/2012 16

17. Seminar „11 CUDA
Compiling CUDA code
 CUDA nvcc compiler to
compile the .cu files which
divides code into NVidia
assembly and C++ code.
3/17/2012 17

18. Seminar „11 CUDA
Example
int main(void){
float *a_h, *b_h; //host data
float *a_d, *b_d; //device data Host Device
int N = 15, nBytes, i;
nBytes = N*sizeof(float); a_h a_d
a_h = (float*)malloc(nBytes);
b_h = (float*)malloc(nBytes);
b_h b_d
cudaMalloc((void**)&a_d,nBytes);
cudaMalloc((void**)&b_d,nBytes);
for(i=0; i<N; i++) a_h[i]=100.f +i;
cudaMemcpy(a_d, a_h, nBytes, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
cudaMemcpy(b_d, a_d, nBytes, cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice);
cudaMemcpy(b_h, b_d, nByyes, cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
for(i=0; i<N; i++) assert(a_h[i] == b_h[i]);
free(a_h); free(b_h); cudaFree(a_d); cudaFree(b_d);
return 0;}
3/17/2012 18

19. Seminar „11 CUDA
Applications
Finance Numeric Medical
Oil & Gas Biophysics
Audio Video Imaging
3/17/2012 19

20. Seminar „11 CUDA
Advantages
 Provides shared memory
 Cost effective
 The gaming industries demand on Graphics cards has
forced a lot of research and money into the improvement
of the GPUs
 Transparent Scalability
3/17/2012 20

21. Seminar „11 CUDA
Drawbacks
 Despite having hundreds of “cores” CUDA is not as
flexible as CPU‟s
 Not as effective for personal computers
3/17/2012 21

22. Seminar „11 CUDA
Future Scope
 Implementation of CUDA in several other group of
companies‟ GPUs.
 More and more streaming processors can be included
 CUDA in wide variety of programming languages.
3/17/2012 22

23. Seminar „11 CUDA
Conclusion
 Brought significant innovations to the High Performance
Computing world.
 CUDA simplified process of development of general
purpose parallel applications.
 These applications have now enough computational
power to get proper results in a short time.
3/17/2012 23

24. Seminar „11 CUDA
References
1. “CUDA by Example: An Introduction to General-Purpose GPU
Programming” by Edward kandrot
2. “Programming Massively Parallel Processors: A Hands-on Approach
(Applications of GPU Computing Series)” By David B kirk & Wen Mei W.
Hwu.
3. “GPU Computing Gems Emerald Edition (Applications of GPU Computing
Series)” By Wen-mei W. Hwu .
4. “The Cost To Play: CUDA Programming” , By Douglas Eadline, Ph.D. ,on
Linux Magazine Wednesday, February 17th, 2010
5. “Nvidia Announces CUDA x86” Written by Cristian, On Tech Connect
Magazine 21 September 2010
6. CUDA Programming Guide. ver. 1.1,
http://www.nvidia.com/object/cuda_develop.html
7. TESLA GPU Computing Technical Brief,
http://www.nvidia.com/object/tesla_product_literature.html
8. G80 architecture reviews and specification,
http://www.nvidia.com/page/8800_reviews.html,
http://www.nvidia.com/page/8800_tech_specs.html
9. Beyond3D G80: Architecture and GPU Analysis,
http://www.beyond3d.com/content/reviews/1
10. Graphics adapters supporting CUDA,
http://www.nvidia.com/object/cuda_learn_products.html
3/17/2012 24

26. Seminar „11 CUDA
Questions?????
3/17/2012 26