This document provides an overview of the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) and the Wireless Markup Language (WML). It discusses key aspects of WAP including WML, cards, decks, fonts, links, inputs, selects, refresh, timers, variables, and posting data to servers. It also demonstrates generating WML using XSLT and provides links to WAP emulators.

1. 1
CSIT600b: XML Programming
WML
Dickson K.W. Chiu
PhD, SMIEEE
Thanks to Prof. S.C. Cheung (HKUST)

2. Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
 Leading standard for information services on wireless
terminals like digital mobile phones.
 Based on Internet standards (HTML, XML and TCP/IP).
Dickson Chiu-2004 CSIT600b 03-2
 Consists of
 WML language specification
 a WMLScript specification
 a light JavaScript language
 not embedded in the WML pages
 WML pages only contains references to script URLs
 need to be compiled into byte code on a server
 a Wireless Telephony Application Interface (WTAI) specification
 Published by the WAP Forum
 founded in 1997 by Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia, and Unwired Planet
 Forum members now represent over 90% of the global handset
market, as well as leading infrastructure providers, software
developers and other organizations.

3. Wireless Markup Language (WML)
 WML based on XML and HTML.
 WML documents are divided into a set
of cards, each representing one unit of
interaction between the user and the
user agent.
 Instructions embedded within cards
may invoke services on origin servers.
 Several cards are grouped into a deck,
the basic WML unit, that origin server
can send to a user agent.
Dickson Chiu-2004 CSIT600b 03-3
 See:
http://www.w3schools.com/wap/default
.asp
Welcome
to
MTM515!!
Emulator - http://ttemulator.com/

4. WML – One Card
Text is specified inside p element.
A card can have none, one or several p elements.
Element br indicates start of a new line.
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">
Dickson Chiu-2004 CSIT600b 03-4
<wml>
<!-- THIS IS THE FIRST CARD IN THE DECK -->
<card id="start" title=“S.C. Cheung WAPSITE">
<p>
Welcome to MTMI515!!
</p>
</card>
</wml>

5. WML – Font Style
Text emphasis elements em, strong, b, i, u, big,
small - meanings equivalent to HTML counterparts.
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">
<wml>
<!-- THIS IS THE FIRST CARD IN THE DECK -->
<card id="start" title="S.C. Cheung WAPSITE">
<p>
<b>This is bold</b><br/>
<i>This is Italic</i><br/>
<u>This is Underline</u><br/>
<big>This is Big text</big><br/>
<small>Small Text</small><br/>
<strong>This Is STRONG</strong>
</p>
</card>
</wml>
Dickson Chiu-2004 CSIT600b 03-5

6. WML – Two Cards
Attributes id in card elements serve as
anchor for intercard links.
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">
<wml>
<!-- THIS IS THE FIRST CARD IN THE DECK -->
<card id="start" title="S.C. Cheung WAPSITE">
<p>Next tutorial.<br/>
<a href="#tutorial">Continue Tutorial</a>
</p>
</card>
<!-- THIS IS THE SECOND CARD IN THE DECK -->
<card id="tutorial" title="S.C. Cheung WAPSITE">
<p align="center">Welcome To part 2<br/>
Here the tutorial continues
</p>
</card>
</wml>
Dickson Chiu-2004 CSIT600b 03-6

7. WML – Three Cards
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">
Dickson Chiu-2004 CSIT600b 03-7
<wml>
<!-- THIS IS THE FIRST CARD IN THE DECK -->
<card id="start" title="S.C. Cheung WAPSITE">
<p align="center">
<big><u>Tutorials</u></big>
</p>
<p align="left"><small>Want to see a <a
href="#joke">Joke</a>.</small></p>
<p align="left"><small>Are how about a <a
href="#pic">Picture</a>.</small></p>
</card>

8. WML – Three Cards
<!-- THIS IS THE SECOND CARD IN THE DECK -->
<card id="joke" title="S.C. Cheung WAPSITE">
<p align="center">Joke's</p>
<p><small>1. What do you get if you cross an owl with a skunk?<br/>
A. bird that smells but doesn't give a hoot !!!!!!!!</small></p>
<p><small>2.Why did the rooster cross the road?<br/>
A. To prove he wasn't chicken !!</small></p>
</card>
<!-- THIS IS THE THIRD CARD IN THE DECK -->
<card id="pic" title="S.C. Cheung WAPSITE">
<p align="center"><b>Picture</b></p>
<p align="center"><img src="child3.wbmp" alt=" HI"/></p>
Dickson Chiu-2004 CSIT600b 03-8
</card>
</wml>

9. Dickson Chiu-2004 CSIT600b 03-9
WML - Table
<card title="Table">
<p>
<table columns="3">
<tr>
<td>Cell 1</td>
<td>Cell 2</td>
<td>Cell 3</td>
</tr>
</table>
</p>
</card>
</wml>

10. WML – Anchor
Always has a task ("go", "prev", or "refresh") specified.
The task defines what to do when the user selects the link.
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">
<wml>
<card title="Anchor Tag">
<p>
<anchor>Next page
<go href="demo_wap_text.wml"/>
</anchor>
</p>
</card>
</wml>
Dickson Chiu-2004 CSIT600b 03-10

11. Dickson Chiu-2004 CSIT600b 03-11
WML - Input
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">
<wml>
<card id="input1" title="Info">
<p>
A: <input name="Name" size="15"/>
B: <input name="Age" size="15" format="*N"/>
C: <input name="Sex" size="15"/>
</p>
</card>
</wml>

12. Dickson Chiu-2004 CSIT600b 03-12
WML - Select
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">
<wml>
<card id="card1" title="Sections">
<p>
<select name="name">
<option value="HTML">HTML Section</option>
<option value="XML">XML Section</option>
<option value="WAP">WAP Section</option>
</select>
</p>
</card>
</wml>
<select multiple="true">

13. WML - Refresh
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">
Dickson Chiu-2004 CSIT600b 03-13
<wml>
<card>
<p>
<anchor>
Refresh This Page
<go href="#refresh"/>
</anchor>
</p>
</card>
</wml>
<card id="refresh" title="S.C. Cheung WAPSITE">
<refresh/>
</card>

14. Dickson Chiu-2004 CSIT600b 03-14
WML - Timer
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml">
<wml>
<card ontimer="2.wml">
<timer value="10"/>
<p>Some Message</p>
</card>
</wml>

15. WML - Variables
 Specify a variable with the Setvar command
 <setvar name="i" value="500"/>
 Specify a variable through an input element (like
input, select, option, etc.)
<card id="card1">
<select name=“opt">
<option value="HTML">HTML Tutorial</option>
<option value="XML">XML Tutorial</option>
</select>
</card>
 To use the variable we created in the example above:
<card id="card2">
<p>You selected: $(opt)</p>
</card>
Dickson Chiu-2004 CSIT600b 03-15

16. WML - Posting to the Server
<!-- From: http://www.topxml.com/wap/articles/wml_jsp/default.asp -->
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//PHONE.COM//DTD WML 1.1//EN"
"http://www.phone.com/dtd/wml11.dtd">
Dickson Chiu-2004 CSIT600b 03-16
<wml>
<card id="start" title="Weather">
<do type="accept" label="Go!" >
<go href="weather.jsp"><!-- submitted to a JSP -->
<postfield name="query" value="$query" />
<postfield name="QP1" value="$QP1" />
<postfield name="target" value="wml-$(query)" />
</go>
</do>
<p align="center">Weather Page</p>
<p>
Zip? <input name="QP1" format="*N" maxlength="10" value="" /><br />
Query? <select name="query">
<option value="TimeTemp" > time &amp; temp </option>
<option value="AllTable" > all fields </option>
<option value="AllText" > all fields format</option>
</select>
</p>
</card>
</wml>

17. Generating WML with XSLT
<!-- Available: http://kwchiu.dyndns.org:7999/xslt3.xsl -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:template match="/">
<wml>
<card>
<table>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<wml> <card>
<table>
<tr><td>CHEUNG KONG</td>
<td>64.00</td></tr>
</table>
…
</card></wml>
Dickson Chiu-2004 CSIT600b 03-17
<xsl:for-each
select="/hsiComponents/component">
<tr>
<td><xsl:value-of select="name"/></td>
<td><xsl:value-of select="lastTrade"/></td>
</tr>
</xsl:for-each>
</table>
</card>
</wml>
</xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<hsiComponents>
<component>
<name>CHEUNG KONG</name>
<lastTrade>64.00</lastTrade>
</component>
...
</hsiComponents>

18. Dickson Chiu-2004 CSIT600b 03-18
WAP Emulator
 http://www.gelon.net/
 Paste URL to WAP emulator:
 http://kwchiu.dyndns.org:7999/html2dom/result?s
ourceURL=http%3A%2F%2Ffinance.yahoo.com%
2Fq%2Fcp%3Fs%3D%5EHSI&xslt1URL=http%3A
%2F%2Fkwchiu.dyndns.org%3A7999%2Fxslt1.xsl
&xslt2URL=http%3A%2F%2Fkwchiu.dyndns.org
%3A7999%2Fxslt3.xsl&submit=convert
 More sophisticated development:
 http://www.forum.nokia.com/main/0,6566,034-
521,00.html