Web Visualization with HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript is the course with the rapidly changing web
development technologies, it has become important to stay in line with them to progress within the industry,
which is why this course in web virtualization has been brought to you to spruce up your web designing and
animating skills using HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript. The latest features of HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript is set
to be provided to you through this course, hence, it is desired that you have basic knowledge on these
programming languages for a smoother learning experience.
This course will start off by walking you through the CSS3 virtualization techniques to design and
animate webs. You will be taught how to create a 3D element using CSS transition and to transform animates
into 2D and 3D, along with an insight into the elements of scalable vector graphics which is needed to create basic
images and polygons and to animate.
Our tutors will further take you through the canvas aspects of HTML5 to start drawing grids and
animations using it. You will also get to learn how to create a callback and create and activate a queue that is
needed in animating and the animation libraries that will be essential to your web designing projects. By the end
of this course, you will have an outstanding knowledge of web visualization using HTML5, CSS3 and
JavaScript to secure yourself a prominent place within the web development industry.
A markup language is a modern system for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. The idea and terminology evolved from the "marking up" of manuscripts, i.e., the revision instructions by editors, traditionally written with a blue pencil on authors' manuscripts. Examples are typesetting instructions such as those found in troff, TeX and LaTeX, or structural markers such as XML tags. Markup instructs the software displaying the text to carry out appropriate actions, but is omitted from the version of the text that is displayed to users. Some markup languages, such as HTML, have pre-defined presentation semantics, meaning that their specification prescribes how the structured data are to be presented; others, such as XML, do not.
A widely-used markup language is HyperText Markup Language (HTML), one of the document formats of the World Wide Web. HTML, which is an instance of SGML (though, strictly, it does not comply with all the rules of SGML), follows many of the markup conventions used in the publishing industry in the communication of printed work between authors, editors, and printers.
Web Visualization with HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript is the course with the rapidly changing web
development technologies, it has become important to stay in line with them to progress within the industry,
which is why this course in web virtualization has been brought to you to spruce up your web designing and
animating skills using HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript. The latest features of HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript is set
to be provided to you through this course, hence, it is desired that you have basic knowledge on these
programming languages for a smoother learning experience.
This course will start off by walking you through the CSS3 virtualization techniques to design and
animate webs. You will be taught how to create a 3D element using CSS transition and to transform animates
into 2D and 3D, along with an insight into the elements of scalable vector graphics which is needed to create basic
images and polygons and to animate.
Our tutors will further take you through the canvas aspects of HTML5 to start drawing grids and
animations using it. You will also get to learn how to create a callback and create and activate a queue that is
needed in animating and the animation libraries that will be essential to your web designing projects. By the end
of this course, you will have an outstanding knowledge of web visualization using HTML5, CSS3 and
JavaScript to secure yourself a prominent place within the web development industry.
A markup language is a modern system for annotating a document in a way that is syntactically distinguishable from the text. The idea and terminology evolved from the "marking up" of manuscripts, i.e., the revision instructions by editors, traditionally written with a blue pencil on authors' manuscripts. Examples are typesetting instructions such as those found in troff, TeX and LaTeX, or structural markers such as XML tags. Markup instructs the software displaying the text to carry out appropriate actions, but is omitted from the version of the text that is displayed to users. Some markup languages, such as HTML, have pre-defined presentation semantics, meaning that their specification prescribes how the structured data are to be presented; others, such as XML, do not.
A widely-used markup language is HyperText Markup Language (HTML), one of the document formats of the World Wide Web. HTML, which is an instance of SGML (though, strictly, it does not comply with all the rules of SGML), follows many of the markup conventions used in the publishing industry in the communication of printed work between authors, editors, and printers.
WebSphere Message Broker In Shared Runtime EnvironmentsMårten Gustafson
WebSphere Message Broker in shared runtime environments.
Typical environment configurations and common set-ups with regards to high availability and workload balancing.
What kind of solutions do we see implemented on top of message broker what are the demands for these solutions in terms of availability and isolation?
How do we cater for these needs in a shared runtime environment?
Also takes a look at the organization developing solutions targeting a shared runtime environment and how different organizations pose different requirements and challenges.
Presentation given at IBM Transaction & Messaging conference in Barcelon 2008.
The web is constantly changing and what we know as the web today is quite different from how it started. What will the web look like in the future? How do we continue to adapt to create content on an increasingly complex medium? In this talk I will explore these questions showcasing examples of how the web has been evolving and innovative ways to create content for it.
The need of Interoperability in Office and GIS formatsMarkus Neteler
Free GIS and Interoperability: The need of Interoperability in Office and GIS formats
GIS Open Source, interoperabilità e cultura del dato nei SIAT della Pubblica Amministrazione
[GIS Open Source, interoperability and the 'culture of data' in the spatial data warehouses of the Public Administration]
Erlangen Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Meetup #24:
NLP@DATEV: Setting up a domain specific language model
Dr. Jonas Rende and Thomas Stadelmann, DATEV eG
https://www.linkedin.com/in/jonas-rende/
https://www.linkedin.com/in/thomas-stadelmann-47b71218b/
In their session, Jonas and Thomas talk about the first DATEV domain specific language model. Their talk cover a short introduction to NLP, the success of deep-learning in the field of NLP, the difference between word embeddings and contextualized embeddings, the importance of transfer learning, the benefits of domain specific knowledge and potential use cases of their language model. Moreover, they explain how they evaluate their proof of concept is successful. Towards the end of their talk they dive-deep into the BERT model.
S. Venkataraman (DCC) talks about the basics of Research Data Management and how to apply this when creating or reviewing a Data Management Plan (DMP). He discusses data formats and metadata standards, persistent identifiers, licensing, controlled vocabularies and data repositories.
link to : dcc.ac.uk/resources
Full version of http://www.slideshare.net/valexiev1/gvp-lodcidocshort. Same is available on http://vladimiralexiev.github.io/pres/20140905-CIDOC-GVP/index.html
CIDOC Congress, Dresden, Germany
2014-09-05: International Terminology Working Group: full version.
2014-09-09: Getty special session: short version
By now, you have heard how important structured content is. But, maybe you poked around with something like DITA and were baffled by the complexity. Or, maybe you still aren’t sure what XSLT stands for. This workshop will take participants back to the basics, to provide a foundation for higher-level concepts that have taken hold of our industry. Topics will include:
- What XML looks like, what it does, and how to create it.
- How to define a structure model, including whether to use a - DTD, Schema, etc.
- What XSLT looks like, what it does, and how to make it work.
- What DITA and DocBook really are and whether one is right for you.
Russell Ward is an experienced technical writer and structured technologies developer. He has spent many years working with structured content to maximize efficiency in the techcomm environment, both as an employee and as an independent consultant. He is also an experienced trainer and speaks periodically at conferences and other peer events.
Decoding and developing the online finding aidkgerber
Workshop for the Library Technology Conference on Encoded Archival Description, and the mark-up languages involved in its use including HTML, XML, and XSLT.
Wireless Communication and Networking by WilliamStallings Chap2Senthil Kanth
Hai I'm Senthilkanth, doing MCA in Mepco Schlenk Engineering College..
The following presentation covers topic called Wireless Communication and Networking
by WilliamStallings for BSc CS, BCA, MSc CS, MCA, ME students.Make use of it.
Wireless Communication and Networking
by WilliamStallings Chapter : 2Transmission Fundamentals
Chapter 2
Electromagnetic Signal
Function of time
Can also be expressed as a function of frequency
Signal consists of components of different frequencies
Time-Domain Concepts
Analog signal - signal intensity varies in a smooth fashion over time
No breaks or discontinuities in the signal
Digital signal - signal intensity maintains a constant level for some period of time and then changes to another constant level
Periodic signal - analog or digital signal pattern that repeats over time
s(t +T ) = s(t ) -¥< t < +¥
where T is the period of the signal
Time-Domain Concepts
Aperiodic signal - analog or digital signal pattern that doesn't repeat over time
Peak amplitude (A) - maximum value or strength of the signal over time; typically measured in volts
Frequency (f )
Rate, in cycles per second, or Hertz (Hz) at which the signal repeats
Time-Domain Concepts
Period (T ) - amount of time it takes for one repetition of the signal
T = 1/f
Phase () - measure of the relative position in time within a single period of a signal
Wavelength () - distance occupied by a single cycle of the signal
Or, the distance between two points of corresponding phase of two consecutive cycles
Sine Wave Parameters
General sine wave
s(t ) = A sin(2ft + )
Figure 2.3 shows the effect of varying each of the three parameters
(a) A = 1, f = 1 Hz, = 0; thus T = 1s
(b) Reduced peak amplitude; A=0.5
(c) Increased frequency; f = 2, thus T = ½
(d) Phase shift; = /4 radians (45 degrees)
note: 2 radians = 360° = 1 period
Sine Wave Parameters
Time vs. Distance
When the horizontal axis is time, as in Figure 2.3, graphs display the value of a signal at a given point in space as a function of time
With the horizontal axis in space, graphs display the value of a signal at a given point in time as a function of distance
At a particular instant of time, the intensity of the signal varies as a function of distance from the source
Frequency-Domain Concepts
Fundamental frequency - when all frequency components of a signal are integer multiples of one frequency, it’s referred to as the fundamental frequency
Spectrum - range of frequencies that a signal contains
Absolute bandwidth - width of the spectrum of a signal
Effective bandwidth (or just bandwidth) - narrow band of frequencies that most of the signal’s energy is contained in
Frequency-Domain Concepts
Any electromagnetic signal can be shown to consist of a collection of periodic analog signals (sine waves) at different amplitudes, frequencies, and phases
The period of the total signal is equal to the period of the fundamenta
wireless communication and networking Chapter 1Senthil Kanth
wireless communication and networking by WilliamStallings
Hai I'm Senthilkanth, doing MCA in Mepco Schlenk Engineering College..
The following presentation covers topic called Wireless Communication and Networking
by WilliamStallings for BSc CS, BCA, MSc CS, MCA, ME students.Make use of it.
This presentation agenda like,,
Introduction
Chapter 1: Wireless Comes of Age
Chapter 2: Transmission Fundamentals
Chapter 3: Communication Networks
Chapter 4: Protocols and the TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Chapter 5: Antennas and Propagation
Chapter 6: Signal Encoding Techniques
Chapter 7: Spread Spectrum
Chapter 8: Coding and Error Control
Chapter 9: Satellite Communications
Chapter 10: Cellular Wireless Networks
Chapter 11: Cordless Systems and Wireless Local Loop
Chapter 12: Mobile IP and Wireless Access Protocol
Chapter 13: Wireless LAN Technology
Chapter 14: IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN Standard
Chapter 15: Bluetooth
Hai I'm Senthilkanth, doing MCA in Mepco Schlenk Engineering College..
The following presentation covers topic called WML for BSc CS, BCA, MSc CS, MCA, ME students.Make use of it. WML Script by Shanti katta.
This presentation agenda like,
WAP- Wireless Application Protocol
by
Team 11 Presenters:
Suma Pramod Connie Barbosa
Niti Pandey Patrick Cunning
Olga Pavlenko
This ppt contains the topic like,,
WAP Introduction,
WAP architecture requirements,
Architecture overview,
World-wide web model,
WAP model,
Components of WAP architecture,
Sample Configuration of WAP technology,
Usage, Advantages & Disadvantages of WAP,
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP),
Wireless Markup Language (WML),
Generating WML with XSLT,
WAP Emulator.
Presentation on WAP Keerti Sharma
This ppt contains the topic like,,
What is WAP ?
Limitations of Internet for wireless applications
WAP Architecture / protocol stack
WAP Components / WML
WAP brings Internet to hand-held devices
Conclusion
Introduction to Mobile Application DevelopmentSenthil Kanth
Introduction to Mobile Application Development
This ppt contains the topic like,,
WAP Network Structure,
The WAP Gateway plays an important role,
WAP Programming Model,
WML Example,
Java Platform,
Java 2 Platform,
Virtual Machines and horizontal and vertical APIs specified in configurations and Profiles,
Configurations
Introduction to wireless application protocol (wap)ogiSenthil Kanth
Introduction to wireless application protocol (wap)ogi Presented by
Dragomanov Andon
Paunovski Ognen
This ppt contains the topic like,,
What is WAP?
Development and Objectives
WAP Concept
WAP 1.0 Architecture
WAP 2.0 Architecture
WAP 2.0 Features
WML
Real Life Examples
Routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks have to
face the challenge of frequently changing topology, low
transmission power and asymmetric links. Both
proactive and reactive routing protocols prove to be
inefficient under these circumstances. The Zone Routing
Protocol (ZRP) combines the advantages of the proactive
and reactive approaches by maintaining an up-to-date
topological map of a zone centered on each node. Within
the zone, routes are immediately available. For
destinations outside the zone, ZRP employs a route
discovery procedure, which can benefit from the local
routing information of the zones.
On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol.
This paper presents a novel multicast routing protocol for mobile ad hoc wireless networks. The protocol, termed ODMRP (On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol), is a mesh-based, rather than a conventional tree- based, multicast scheme and uses a forwarding group concept (only a sub- set of nodes forwards the multicast packets via scoped flooding). It applies on-demand procedures to dynamically build routes and maintain multicast group membership. ODMRP is well suited for ad hoc wireless networks with mobile hosts where bandwidth is limited, topology changes frequently, and power is constrained. We evaluate ODMRP’s scalability and performance via simulation.
Routing Protocols for Ad-Hoc Networks. This is a book for Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing
&
DSR: The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Multi-Hop Wireless Ad Hoc Networks. November 2011,
Authors : Giorgos Papadakis & Manolis Surligas
Senthilkanth,MCA..
The following ppt's full topic covers Operating System for BSc CS, BCA, MSc CS, MCA students..
1.Introduction
2.OS Structures
3.Process
4.Threads
5.CPU Scheduling
6.Process Synchronization
7.Dead Locks
8.Memory Management
9.Virtual Memory
10.File system Interface
11.File system implementation
12.Mass Storage System
13.IO Systems
14.Protection
15.Security
16.Distributed System Structure
17.Distributed File System
18.Distributed Co Ordination
19.Real Time System
20.Multimedia Systems
21.Linux
22.Windows
Senthilkanth,MCA..
The following ppt's full topic covers Operating System for BSc CS, BCA, MSc CS, MCA students..
1.Introduction
2.OS Structures
3.Process
4.Threads
5.CPU Scheduling
6.Process Synchronization
7.Dead Locks
8.Memory Management
9.Virtual Memory
10.File system Interface
11.File system implementation
12.Mass Storage System
13.IO Systems
14.Protection
15.Security
16.Distributed System Structure
17.Distributed File System
18.Distributed Co Ordination
19.Real Time System
20.Multimedia Systems
21.Linux
22.Windows
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
1. Stein Markup 1.1
MMaarrkkuupp
LLaanngguuaaggeess
SSGG
WW
MMLL
VVOOXX
XX
HHTT
Yaakov J. Stein
Chief Scientist
DDSS
RAD Data Communications
SSS A
legal-X
CP
DDHHTT
GG
mmaatthh
C
2. I digest, edit and produce documents
Stein Markup 1.2
WWhhaatt ddoo II ddoo??
business letters
email
meeting summaries
proposals
reports
requirement specifications
project plans
web pages
research articles
review articles
books
3. Stein Markup 1.3
WWhhaatt ddoo ootthheerrss ddoo??
Pretty much the same
US corporations produce >100 billion documents per year
90% of a modern institution’s information is in documents
>50% of typical corporation’s efforts involves documents
That’s why word processing SW
was expected to bring efficiency increases
But didn’t!
4. Stein Markup 1.4
WWoorrdd pprroocceessssiinngg??
PROs
makes nicer looking documents
expedites document sharing during creation
CONs
typically 30% of effort on format and reformat
doesn’t increase information accessibility
doesn’t facilitate information mining
5. Stein Markup 1.5
DDaattaabbaasseess??
The natural alternative to documents are databases
PROs
increase information accessibility
facilitate information mining
CONs
not human readable
format inflexible
6. Stein Markup 1.6
TThhee ssoolluuttiioonn
What we really want is to write unconstrained text
but to have information retrieval as well !
Method 1 Automatic text analysis
AI program analyzes text
Recognizes document structure, sentence syntax
Performs gisting, facilitates information mining
Complete solution equivalent to solving Turing test
Method 2 Manual markup
Document author responsible for marking
Clarifies document structure
Enables automated retrieval of selected information
Suggests presentation format
7. Stein Markup 1.7
WWhhyy iiss tteexxtt aannaallyyssiiss hhaarrdd??
The man cried FIRE !
The man cried FIRE the gun !
The man cried FIRE the gun maker !
8. AArree MMLLss ccoommppuutteerr llaanngguuaaggeess??
There are many different types of computer languages:
procedural languages
Stein Markup 1.8
for (n=0;n<10;i++)
if (n>5) printf(“markup languages are fun!n”);
graphic languages
newpath
0 0 moveto 0 1 lineto 1 1 lineto 1 0 lineto
closepath fill
database languages
SELECT book FROM biblio WHERE subject=‘DSP’ AND author=‘STEIN’ ;
logical languages
useful(DSP), useful(hardware), fun(DSP), fun(web)
interesting(X) if useful(X) and fun(X)
?-interesting(X)
9. Stein Markup 1.9
TThheeyy aarree!!
Markup languages do not directly instruct computers
like procedural languages
rather indirectly instruct computer
like logical languages
They do this by using:
elements
attributes
entities
text
<BOOK SUBJECT=“dsp”>
<TITLE FORMAT=“short”>DSP-CSP</TITLE>
<AUTHOR>J. Stein</AUTHOR>
This is a great book!
&standard-disclaimer
</BOOK>
}(tags)
10. SSoommee mmaarrkkuupp eelleemmeenntt ffuunnccttiioonnss
Structural
Stein Markup 1.10
– Clarifies document structure
– Delineates document parts
Descriptive (informative)
– Indicates
– Facilitates information retrieval
Presentational (display)
– Presents information in nice format
– Helps human readability
Referential (links, applications)
– Provide hypertext links
– Launch applications
11. Stein Markup 1.11
SSttrruuccttuurraall MMaarrkkuupp
<HEADING>September 1, 2000</HEADING>
<GREETING>Dear Prof. Stein, </GREETING>
<BODY>
I would like to tell you how much I enjoyed reading your new text
“Digital Signal Processing, A Computer Science Perspective”.
I hope we will be able to meet at the next conference.
</BODY>
<SIGNATURE>
Sincerely,
Dee Espy
</SIGNATURE>
12. Stein Markup 1.12
DDeessccrriippttiivvee MMaarrkkuupp
<DATE>September 1, 2000</DATE>
Dear <PERSON>Prof. Stein,</PERSON>
I would like to tell you how much I enjoyed reading your new text
<BOOK>
“Digital Signal Processing, A Computer Science Perspective”.
</BOOK>
I hope we will be able to meet at the next <EVENT>conference.</EVENT>
Sincerely,
<PERSON>Dee Espy</PERSON>
13. Stein Markup 1.13
PPrreesseennttaattiioonnaall MMaarrkkuupp
<RIGHT-JUSTIFY>September 1, 2000</RIGHT-JUSTIFY>
<BOLD>Dear Prof. Stein,</BOLD>
I would like to tell you how much I enjoyed reading your new text
<UNDERLINE>
“Digital Signal Processing, A Computer Science Perspective”.
</UNDERLINE>
I hope we will be able to meet at the next
<BLINK>conference.</BLINK>
Sincerely,
<IMAGE SRC=“deesignature.jpg” ALIGN=“left”>
<FONT FACE=“Times-Roman”>Dee Espy</FONT>
14. Stein Markup 1.14
RReellaattiioonnaall MMaarrkkuupp
<today xlink:form=“simple” href=“date” actuate=“auto”>
Dear Prof. Stein,
I would like to tell you how much I enjoyed reading your new text
<A HREF=“www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/04712954”>
“Digital Signal Processing, A Computer Science Perspective”.
</A>
I hope we will be able to meet at the next
<A HREF=“conference”>conference.</A>
Sincerely,
<IMAGE SRC=“dee-signature.jpg” ALIGN=“left”>
<A HREF=“mailto:dee@dee-epsy.net”>Dee Espy</A>
15. GGeenneerraalliizzeedd MMaarrkkuupp LLaanngguuaaggee
Stein Markup 1.15
William Tunnicliffe, Stanley Rice [1960s]
(independently) invent idea of structural markup language
Problem: need different ML for each type of document
(letter, report, article, book, etc)
Charles Goldfarb, Edward Mosher, Raymond Lorie (IBM) [1973]
invent Generalized Markup Language (GML)
Solution: use metalanguage
Document Type Definition (DTD) defines tags
IBM marked up 90% of its documents with GML
16. WWiitthh GGMMLL ssttrruuccttuurree iiss eevviiddeenntt
Stein Markup 1.16
Library
Novels
Journals
Textbooks
Algebraic zoology
Botanical history
Computer poetry
DSP
DSP-CSP
DSP just for fun
Elementary QED
Title
Full: Digital Signal Processing
a Computer Science Perspective
Short: DSPCSP
Author
Name: Jonathan (Y) Stein
Association: RAD Data Comm.
Publication
Publisher: John Wiley
Year: 2000
Location: New York
ISBN: 04712954
17. SSttaannddaarrdd GGeenneerraalliizzeedd MMaarrkkuupp LLaanngguuaaggee
Problems with GML:
Stein Markup 1.17
– No validating parser
– Not portable (between computer systems)
Solution:
SGML
ANSI [1978]
ISO/IEC 8879 [1986] (Intl Org for Standardization / Intl Electrotechnical Commission)
JTC1/SC34/WG1 (WG 1 of SubCommittee 34 of Joint Technical Committee 1)
For presentation:
Document Style Semantics and Specification Language
18. Stein Markup 1.18
SSGGMMLL -- ccoonntt..
If SGML is so good why doesn’t anyone use it ?
Complexity
– base standard >500 pages
– SGML is a metalanguage
– writing DTD is complex programming
– marked up text is hard to read
– DSSSL adds to complexity
Inflexibility - requires absolute conformity
– assumes only one correct way to markup
– constrains author to dictated structure
– not good at capturing author’s structure
19. HHyyppeerrTTeexxtt MMaarrkkuupp LLaanngguuaaggee
CERN (particle physics institute in Switzerland) was an early Internet adopter
Used extensively for collaboration (articles have long author lists)
Major problems with format incompatibility
Stein Markup 1.19
– only straight ASCII worked reliably
Tim Berners-Lee (computer specialist) defined requirements
simplicity (couldn’t expect physicists to use SGML)
freedom (didn’t need validation, let browser ignore bad markup)
needed hypertext links (including to documents over Internet)
presentational markup (papers must look nice - authors used to TEX)
Solution: HTML - a specific application of SGML (not metalanguage)
20. Stein Markup 1.20
HHTTMMLL vveerrssiioonnss
HTML 1.0 (1989) Berners-Lee original CERN version
hypertext, images, head+body structure, presentational markup
HTML 2.0 (1994) IETF standard - RFC 1866
added lists, forms, etc.
HTML 3.2 (1997) W3C recommendation (incorporates Netscape extensions)
added tables, applets, super/sub-scripts
HTML 4.0 (1997) W3C recommendation (and similar ISO/IEC 15445)
minimizes presentational markup
XHTML 1.0 (2000) present W3C recommendation
reformulates HTML in XML
21. HHTTMMLL ddooccuummeenntt ssttrruuccttuurree
Stein Markup 1.21
<HTML>
<HEAD>
global definitions such as
<TITLE>Web page title</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
marked-up text
</BODY>
</HTML>
23. Stein Markup 1.23
PPrroobblleemmss wwiitthh HHTTMMLL
Presentational aspects have predominated
<B> bold text </B>
<BLINK> blinking text </BLINK>
<FONT COLOR=“red”> red text </FONT>
Practically no descriptive markup
Search engines are reduced to flat text search
Search by topic only through keywords or portals
Not extensible
Can’t add new tags
Unknown tags ignored
Links are relatively simple
Usually user action is required (except IMG)
Only full document (with offset) linkable
Link management is logistic nightmare
24. Stein Markup 1.24
NNoott eevveerryytthhiinngg iiss HHTTMMLL
Due to HTML limitations other tools are also used:
Multimedia extensions
– (dynamic) gif, jpg, …
– streaming audio
Common Gateway Interface
– generate HTML on-the-fly
– Perl, C, …
Server Push - Server Pull
Javascript
Java
25. eeXXtteennssiibbllee MMaarrkkuupp LLaanngguuaaggee
Simplified (best parts of) SGML (subset of features)
Flexible content management tool
W3C recommendation(s)
Extensible - can add new elements (even without DTD)
Easy to create special purpose languages (with DTD/SCHEMA)
Includes HTML-like hypertext links
Stein Markup 1.25
– and extensions (XLINK, XPOINTER)
The future of the web !
26. Stein Markup 1.26
XXMMLL -- aann EExxaammppllee
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?>
<bibliography>
<book isbn=04712954>
<title>Digital Signal Processing: a Computer Science Perspective</title>
<author>Jonathan (Y) Stein</author>
<publisher>John Wiley and Sons</publisher>
</book>
<article>
<title>False Alarm Reduction for ASR and OCR</title>
<author>Yaakov Stein</author>
<proceedings>Tenth AICVNN Symposium</proceedings>
<pages>195-200</pages>
</article>
...
</bibliography>
27. ??WWhhaatt ccaann wwee ddoo wwiitthh aann XXMMLL ffiillee
Check if well-formed
Check if valid (against DTD or schema)
Display “as-is” in browser
Parse in special-purpose program (SAX, DOM)
Process (XSL) to XML, HTML, etc.
Display after processing
Stein Markup 1.27
28. WWiirreelleessss MMaarrkkuupp LLaanngguuaaggee
Markup language element of Wireless Application Protocol
WAP forum (1997)
– Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia, Unwired Planet (phone.com)
– bring Internet to cellular phone users
– re-use fundamental Internet concepts (TCP/IP, http, html, javascript)
Stein Markup 1.28
but adapted to lower bandwidth
smaller screen
limited input facilities
limited computational resources
– applications scale across transport options (GSM, TDMA, CDMA, 3G)
and device types (mobile phones, personal assistants)
29. Stein Markup 1.29
WWMMLL PPhhiilloossoopphhyy
Defined using XML
Transported in compressed binary (for BW reduction)
Applications are modeled as decks of cards
Features:
Actions (OK, navigation, help) can be performed
Hyperlinks (like in HTML)
String variables
Timers
wbmp images (B&W)
Select boxes, forms (for input)
wmlscript (like javascript)
30. Stein Markup 1.30
WWMMLL ssttrruuccttuurree
< ? xml version=“1.0” ? >
<!DOCTYPE wml …>
<wml>
<card>
<p>
text
</p>
<p>
text
</p>
</card>
.<.c.ard>
</card>
</wml>
31. Stein Markup 1.31
SSoommee WWMMLL eelleemmeennttss
<p> </p> text
<a href=...> </a> hyperlink (anchor)
<do> </do> action
<go href=.../> goto wml page
<timer> trigger event (units = tenths of a second)
<input/> input user text
<prev/> return to previous page
$(…) value of variable
<img src=… /> display image
<postfield name=… value=…/> set variable
<select > <option> <option> </select> select box
32. SSoommee mmoorree mmaarrkkuupp llaanngguuaaggeess
Stein Markup 1.32
VML = Vector (graphics) Markup Language
VoiceXML
SSML = Speech Synthesis Markup Language
CPML = Call Policy Markup Language
DSML = Directory Services Markup Language
MathML = Mathematical Markup Language
CML = Chemical Markup Language
AML = Astronomical Markup Language
LegalXML
BSML = Bioinformatic Sequence Markup Language
GedML = Genealogical Data Markup Language
FinXML = Financial market Markup Language
ChessML
SDML = Signed Document Markup Language
RELML = Real Estate Listing Markup Language
etc. etc. etc. ...
33. Stein Markup 1.33
EExxaammpplleess
HTML
– html examples
XML
– xml-file xsl-file xml
VML
–vml-file
WML (get M3gate emulator)
– wml examples