The document discusses the impact of the traditional brick production industry in Pakistan, highlighting environmental, economic, and social issues such as deforestation, CO2 emissions, and child labor. It presents Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks (CSEB) as a sustainable alternative, detailing their production process, benefits, and community-driven implementation in various regions. Training initiatives and pilot projects are proposed to foster local production and enhance disaster resilience in housing.

1. Introduction of working group Existing brick production – impacts CSEB – the basics Economics and time frame Field challenges Summing up: benefits and disadvantages Follow up – Working Group – Contacts Compressed (& stabilised) Earth Blocks – a viable alternative ? Presentation to Peers – early recovery working group: Housing Islamabad, March, 2011

2. Overview of Brick Sector

3. Quantity and location of Brick Kilns Total Kilns: 10,000 Producing: 52 billion Bricks per year Traditional Brick Kilns Baluchistan: 500 KPK: 1500 Punjab: 5000 Sindh: 3000

4. Economic Implications

5. Deforestation Approx 100 trees per year per kiln Total 1 million trees per year (all kilns) Equal to 15 years growth if re-planted Environmental Impact

6. Local and Global Emissions Dioxins : 425.88 nanogramme / brick CO 2 Emissions : 37.4 million Tonnes Equal to: 40m Pakistanis CO 2 / year 9 million cars CO 2 / year

7. Social Impact Child Labour Bonded Labour

8. Bricks Needed for One House: 5500 Total Bricks Required: 550 million Total Kilns Required: 106 kilns for one year Environmental Impact Top Soil Depletion: 106 Acres ; 3 ft deep top soil Deforestation: 50,770 Acres w/o trees for 10 Yrs CO2 Emissions: 316,470 tons of CO2 Carbon Credits Admissible: USD $ 4.75 million REDD Plus Credits: In addition Dioxin: 234 gms Financial Impact : PKRs.2750 million ($32m) Impact Assessment: 100,000 One Room Shelters

9. 1.9 million Houses TIME SKILLED LABOUR MATERIALS FUNDS A GREEN ALTERNATE TO FIRED CLAY BRICKS COMPRESSED STABILIZED EARTH BLOCKS (CSEB)

10. Low environmental impact Low cost & local production Robust structures (DRR compliant) Community based, owner driven Decades of experience globally Enhanced Thermal Mass Compressed & Stabilised Earth Block Technology

11. Sandy soil being mixed with 5% - 7% cem ent Clayey soil being mixed with 7% - 10% Lime Basic Production Principles

12. Local Production of CSEB Machines Type of Press Cost of Press (Rs) Local Production Potential Time of Manufacturing Normal Press 50,000 Yes 10-15 days Interlocking Press 60,000 Yes 10-15 days

13. CSEB Production capacity per day Type of SCEB Sizes of SCEB No. of SCEB / house* Daily output / machine No. of Labour / machine Compressive Strength Standard Block 12 ” x 6 ” x 6 ” 2100 225 2 550 psi Interlocking 12 ” x 8 ” x 6 ” 1550 190 2 550 psi

14. (Non Compressed) Stabilized Earth Blocks (SEBs)

15. Training and Awareness

16. Two Model Houses with CSEB in KPK Union Council Uthmanzai; Charsadda Union Council Omerzai; Charsadda

17. Practical implementation in Sindh – 50 villages in Jacobabad and Kashmore 5000 shelters Hand-pumps DRR in 50 communities Kitchen gardens and tree planting

18. Opportunities and challenges in the field Positive outcomes Building on indigenous methods Local business stimulation Ownership in reconstruction - Logistics and supply Potential challenges Community acceptance Local brick industries Training NEXT STEP - PILOTS

19. International Experiences The Inter America Housing Centre Colombia The CINVA Ram

20. Auroville India Flood test: “ 20 years underwater ”

21. Pros and Cons Benefits Environmental Social Economic Logistics Possible Disadvantages Access to Soil Soil Quality Landlords (?) Machine ownership Quality Control

22. Donor Perspective Limited Budgets Tight time-frames Environment “ Do No Harm ” ? Global CO 2 emissions Future disaster-proof (DRR) Livelihood opportunities

23. Follow up & More Info Technical working group possible Online wiki-site under development Focal Point: Tahir Dar Tel: 0333 515 9090 Email: [email_address]