The bigger picture about bricks in Pakistan - and the impact of using too many of them... Especially when there are better alternatives

2. Overview of Brick Sector

3. Quantity and location of Brick Kilns Total Kilns: 10,000 Producing: 52 billion Bricks per year Traditional Brick Kilns Baluchistan: 500 KPK: 1500 Punjab: 5000 Sindh: 3000

4. Economic Implications

7. Social Impact Child Labour Bonded Labour

9. 1.9 million Houses TIME SKILLED LABOUR MATERIALS FUNDS A GREEN ALTERNATE TO FIRED CLAY BRICKS COMPRESSED STABILIZED EARTH BLOCKS (CSEB)

11. Sandy soil being mixed with 5% - 7% cem ent Clayey soil being mixed with 7% - 10% Lime Basic Production Principles

12. Local Production of CSEB Machines Type of Press Cost of Press (Rs) Local Production Potential Time of Manufacturing Normal Press 50,000 Yes 10-15 days Interlocking Press 60,000 Yes 10-15 days

13. CSEB Production capacity per day Type of SCEB Sizes of SCEB No. of SCEB / house* Daily output / machine No. of Labour / machine Compressive Strength Standard Block 12 ” x 6 ” x 6 ” 2100 225 2 550 psi Interlocking 12 ” x 8 ” x 6 ” 1550 190 2 550 psi

14. (Non Compressed) Stabilized Earth Blocks (SEBs)

15. Training and Awareness

16. Two Model Houses with CSEB in KPK Union Council Uthmanzai; Charsadda Union Council Omerzai; Charsadda

17. Practical implementation in Sindh – 50 villages in Jacobabad and Kashmore 5000 shelters Hand-pumps DRR in 50 communities Kitchen gardens and tree planting

19. International Experiences The Inter America Housing Centre Colombia The CINVA Ram

20. Auroville India Flood test: “ 20 years underwater ”