1) The document discusses various sanitation solutions implemented in response to flooding in Pakistan, including basic pit latrines, pour flush latrine blocks with septic tanks, and laundry pads. 2) It evaluates the costs and sustainability of different approaches, noting that more expensive permanent solutions like latrine blocks with septic tanks may be worthwhile if multiple households can access them. 3) Issues around operation and maintenance of complex systems like pour flush latrines are also raised, highlighting the need for sustainable water sources and drainage.