Green building is relevant for new construction, renovations, repairs, and property purchases/sales. It involves using sustainable and non-toxic materials, optimizing energy and water efficiency, and prioritizing occupant health. The green building in Chandigarh, India called Paryavaran Bhawan, utilizes various green features like a 50kW rooftop solar PV system, solar water heating, reflective roof tiles, and evaporative cooling to reduce its environmental impact.

1. When is Green Building relevant?
 Repairing a fixture or property
 Updating fixtures or property
 When looking to purchase property
 When looking to sell property
 When planning a renovation
 When building new
What exactly is green building?

 Avoiding harmful chemicals (Off-Gassing)
 Using Rapidly Renewable materials
 Using Recycled Content containing materials
 Purchasing Locally Manufactured materials
 Choosing Energy Efficient appliances
 Selecting Water Saving fixtures and features

2.  Taking advantage of Salvage opportunities
 Reducing Job Site Waste (Avoid Landfill)
What are the elements of the Green
Buildings?
Siting
 Start by selecting a site well suited to take advantage of mass
transit.
 Protect and retain existing landscaping and natural features.
Select plants that have low water and pesticide needs, and
generate minimum plant trimmings. Use compost and mulches.
This will save water and time.
Energy Efficiency
 Install high-efficiency lighting systems with advanced lighting
controls. Include motion sensors tied to dimmable lighting
controls.

3.  Use a properly sized and energy-efficient heat/cooling system in
conjunction with a thermally efficient building shell. Maximize
light colors for roofing and wall finish materials; install high R-
value wall and ceiling insulation; and use minimal glass on east
and west exposures.
ENERGY STAR RATING
Material Efficiency
 Select sustainable construction materials and such products which
promote resource conservation and efficiency.
 Reuse and recycle construction and demolition materials.
 Design with adequate space to facilitate recycling collection and
to incorporate a solid waste management program that prevents
waste generation.

4. RecycledContent-100% post-consumer(gypsum wallboard,
manufactured locally)
Water Efficiency
 Design for dual plumbing to use recycled water for toilet flushing
or a gray water system that recovers rainwater or other
nonpotable water for site irrigation.
 Minimize wastewater by using ultra low-flush toilets, low-flow
shower heads, and other water conserving fixtures.
 Use recirculating systems for centralized hot water distribution.

5. DualFlush Toilet for water conservation.
Occupant Health and Safety
Buildings with good overall environmental quality can reduce the
rate of respiratory disease, allergy, asthma, sick building
symptoms, and enhance worker performance.
 Heating and cooling systems that ensure adequate ventilation and
proper filtration can have a dramatic and positive impact on
indoor air quality.
 Provide effective drainage from the roof and surrounding
landscape, install adequate ventilation in bathrooms, allow proper
drainage of air-conditioning coils, and design other building
systems to control humidity.

6. Building Operation and Maintenance
 Green building measures cannot achieve their goals unless they
test and adjust the mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems
to ensure that all equipment meets design criteria.
 Over time, building performance can be assured through
measurement, adjustment, and upgrading. Proper maintenance
ensures that a building continues to perform as designed and
commissioned.
What is a green building product or
material?
Green building materials are composed of renewable, rather than
nonrenewable resources. Green materials are environmentally
responsible because impacts are considered over the life of the
product.
GREENBUILDING MATERIALSLIST
Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs):

7. Fast becoming staples of the green building industry are pre-assembled
structural insulated panels, or SIPs, which replace conventional framing
and offer greater energy efficiency, reduced lumber usage, and quicker
construction. SIPs are polystyrene foam sandwiched between oriented
strands boards that provide structural framing, insulation, and exterior
sheathing in one piece. They can be used as floors, walls, and roofs and
provide much greater energy efficiency than insulation in stud walls
with an R-value improvement of 15%-40%.
Brush
Brush structures are built entirely from plant parts and are generally
found in tropical and sub-tropical areas, such as rainforests, where very
large leaves can be used in the buildings.These are built mostly with
branches, twigs and leaves, and bark, similar to a beaver’s lodge.

8. Mud and clay
Soil and especially clay is good thermal mass; it is very good at keeping
temperatures at a constant level. Homes built with earth tend to be
naturally cool in the summer heat and warm in cold weather. Clay holds
heat or cold, releasing it over a period of time like stone. Earthen walls
change temperature slowly, so artificially raising or lowering the
temperature can use more resources than in say a wood built house,
but the heat/coolness stays longer.
Earth Plaster
Foam:
More recently synthetic polystyrene or polyurethane foam has been
used on a limited scale. It is light weight, easily shaped and an excellent

9. insulator. It is usually used as part of a structural insulated panel where
the foam is sandwiched between wood and cement.
Cork:
Cork is a great insulating material. It keeps warmer in the winter and
cooler in the summer. The energy efficiency aids in cutting energy bills
in the winter. It is much more energy efficient than wood flooring. Cork
is also good for sound insulation.
Glass
Glass is generally made from mixtures of sand and silicates, in a very
hot fire stove called a kiln and is very brittle. Very often additives are
added to the mixture when making to produce glass with shades of
colors or various characteristics (such as bullet proof glass, or light
emittance).The use of glass in architectural buildings has become very
popular in the modern culture. They provided humans with the ability
to both let light into rooms while at the same time keeping inclement
weather outside.

10. Rammed earth:
Rammed earth is similar to adobe or cob construction, because its main
component is soil, clay and sand. Very little water is used during
construction, so almost 3 m high walls can be built in a day. Most of the
Great Wall of China is either rammed earth or has a large component of
rammed earth as its base.
Fly ash:
Fly ash offers environmental advantages, it also improve the
performance and quality of concrete. Fly ash affects the plastic
properties of concrete by concrete by improving workability, reducing
water demand, reducing segregation and bleeding, and lowering heat
of hydration. Fly ash increases strength, reduces permeability, reduces
corrosion of reinforcing steel, increases sulphate resistance, and
reduces alkali-aggregate reaction. Provide higher strength, fly ash
continues to combine with free lime, increasing compressive strength
over time.

11. ECO surfaces:
Tire rubber recycled into indoor/outdoor flooring and surfacing.
They are:
 Slip resistant,
 Weather resistance,
 Meets indoor air quality emissions standards.
 Can be purchased as tiles, interlocking pavers and sheets
and in many colors
Durisol:
Wood shavings bonded with cement, compressed and molded
into wall, roof, floor and facing panel forms. Used instead of

12. concrete forms. Mortar less blocks are filled with cement when in
place.
 Lightweight,
 Having low density,
 Thermal and sound insulating,
 Non-combustible,
 Fire resistant,
 Pest resistant,
 Highly insulating,
 Weather resistant.
Fly ash-Stone Powder-Cement Bricks:
Fly ash-Stone Powder-Cement Bricks are manufactured by
mixing weighed amount of fly ash, cement and size stone powder
in a mixer and moulded in bricks making machine. Fly Ash can be
used in the range of 40-70%. The other ingredients are lime,
gypsum (/cement), sand, stone dust/chips etc. Minimum
compressive strength (28 days) of 70 kg/cm2
can easily be
achieved and this can go upto 250 Kg/cm2
.

13. Advantage of these bricks over burnt clay bricks:
 Lower requirement of mortar in construction
 Plastering over brick can be avoided
 Controlled dimensions, edges, smooth and fine finish and
can be in different colours using pigments
 Cost effective, energy-efficient and environment friendly
(as avoids the use of fertile clay)
Cast-in-situ fly ash walls:
 Using high fly ash cast-in-situ walls can be built.
 By using this system we can achieve
 20 percent economy,
 Quicker construction,
 Good finish on both the sides of the wall(which eliminates
plastering),
 More carpet area.
 Similar walls can be cast using Fal-G cement
Fly ash-Lime-Gypsum Product named ‘Fal-G’:
A process of blending fly ash, lime and calcined gypsum for
making a useful product, named Fal-G has been developed. Fly
ash lime mix is mixed in predetermined properties with calcined
gypsum which produces Fal-G having strong binding proportions

14. and can be used as cement. It can be mixed with sand and/or
aggregate to produce building blocks of any desired strength.
Sintered Light Weight Aggregate:
Sintered Light Weight Aggregate substitutes stone chips in
concrete reducing dead weight. It can also be used for various
purposes such as structural light weight concrete building units for
use as load and non load bearing elements. It has got good
potential in where fly ash is locally available and stone aggregates
are costly.
Cellular Light Weight Concrete:
Cellular light Weight concrete (CLC) can be manufactured by a
process involving the mixing of fly ash, cement. These blocks are
especially useful in high rise construction reducing the dead
weight of the structure blocks. M/s. DLF universal ltd., N. Delhi
are using these blocks in their construction projects since two
years. Cellular Light Weight Concrete (CLC) blocks are substitute
to bricks and conventional concrete blocks in building with density
varying from 800 kg/m3 to 1800 kg/m3.Using CLC walling and
roofing panels can also be produced.
Clay Fly Ash Bricks:
Twenty to fifty per cent fly ash depending upon the quality of the
soil can be mixed with it to produce burnt clay fly ash bricks by
conventional or mechanized processes.

15. Advantages of clay fly ash bricks:
 Fuel requirement is considerably reduced as fly ash
contains some percentage of unburnt carbon.
 Better thermal insulation.
 Cost effective and environment friendly.
Cellulose Insulation:
Cellulose insulation is natural insulation material. It is made
from recycled newspaper and other recycled paper products.
The recycled content is at least 75% or more. This material
is better as a sound insulation for reducing the noise in
home.
Earthbag:
Building with earthbags (sometimes called sandbags) is both old

16. and new. Sandbags have long been used, particularly by the
military for creating strong, protective barriers, or for flood control.
The same reasons that make them useful for these applications
carry over to creating housing: the walls are massive and
substantial, they resist all kinds of severe weather (or even bullets
and bombs), and they can be erected simply and quickly with
readily available components
Green paint:
Paints may have a negative impact on the indoor air quality of a
building because they may contain chemicals called volatile
organic compounds (VOC) other toxic components that evaporate
into the air and are harmful to the health of occupants

17. VOC react with sunlight and nitrogen oxide to form ground level
ozone, a chemical that has detrimental effects on human health.
Bamboo:
Bamboo is one of the most amazingly versatile and sustainable
building materials available. It grows remarkably fast and in a
wide range of climates. It is exceedingly strong for its weight and
can be used both structurally and as a finish material.
Breaking the Myth that Green Always Costs More…
While many green materialsand technologies do cost more, it
has been demonstrated that many green strategies
and technologies actuallycost the same and some even cost
less than traditional“not-so-green” technologies.
By blending the right mix of green technologies that cost less
with green technologies that cost the same or
slightly more, it is possible to have a very green buildingproject
that costs the same as a conventionalone.

18. Often the key to a cost effective green buildingand site design
lies within the interrelationshipsand associated
cost and performance trade-offs that exist between different
buildingsystems. For example,
The use of high performance windows and window frames
increases the first cost of the buildingenvelope, however the
resulting reduction in the size and cost of the buildingsheating
and cooling system more than offsets the added
cost of the better glazing system. The result is a buildingthat
has a comparableor perhapseven a lower first
cost, a higher comfort level, lower energy use, and lower
energy billsand operating cost for the life of the
building.

19. EXAMPLES OF GREEN BUILDING PROJECT
IN CHANDIGARH
“Paryavaran Bhawan"
A milestone was achieved by the UT Administration with the
inauguration of a first-of-its-kind building in Chandigarh i.e. the
Energy Efficient Green Building of Chandigarh Administration,
"Paryavaran Bhawan", at Sector 19 B, by the Administrator.
It is managed by Chandigarh Administration. This Building
consists four departments i.e. Forest & Wild Life, Environment,
Pollution Control and Science & Technology. CREST under the
aegis of Department of Science & Technology (DST) of UT Govt.
have been installed 50 KWp SPV Power Plant on the rooftop of
this building.

20. ROOFTOP SOLAR PANELS
The 50 KWp Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants at the UT
Secretariat building was today inaugurated by the Governor of
Punjab and Administrator, UT, Chandigarh, Shivraj V Patil. This
plant will generate about 185-200 units (kwhr) of electricity per
day. The total project cost is Rs 87 lakhs which also includes
comprehensive operation and maintenance cost for 10 years.
BENEFITS FROM THE PROJECT
Since, Chandigarh is the UT which has no other source of power
generation except roof top SPV power generation. This project
will help in adding the power in UT grid thus indirectly will reduce
the import of power from other sources.

21. SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM
The solar water heating is installed along with solar panels on the
rooftop. Solar hot water systems start by using a solar thermal
collector. In a "close-coupled" SWH system the storage tank is
horizontally mounted immediately above the solar Collector on the
roof. These are usually thin, flat boxes that are mounted on the roof
facing the sun. A transparent cover lets sunlight into the box; tiny

22. tubes inside carry water or another fluid (like antifreeze) into the box
to be heated. An absorber plate, painted black, helps make things
hotter.
The collector sends the hot water into a well-insulated storage
tank.No pumping is required as the hot water naturally rises into the
tank through thermosiphon flow.
Hot water is use in winter season for drinking, in canteen, in
laboratories and guest rooms, provided in building. SWH systems are
designed to deliver hot water for most of the year. However, in winter
there sometimes may not be sufficient solar heat gain to deliver
sufficient hot water. In this case a gas or electric booster is normally
used to heat the water.
SPV STREET LIGHT SYSTEM IN LAWN

23. Solar panels turn on and turn off automatically by sensing outdoor light
using a light source. Solar streetlights are designed to work throughout
the night. It can stay lit for more than one night if the sun is not
available for a couple of days. A sensor is also placed in within the light,
whenever a person is standing below it, the light automatically lit.
HOW DOES SOLAR SYSTEM WORKS
In the building, the solar panels are placed on the roof. They are
managed by the monitoring system which is being placed in basement.
In the basement, a huge number of storage batteries are placed. These
batteries work when the solar panel stop producing light(i.e. during
night or rainy day). A inverter is placed along with batteries. The
inverter turns the DC electricity generated by the solar panels into AC
that can be put to immediate use by connecting the inverter directly to
a dedicated circuit breaker in the electrical panel.
INVERTOR AND BATTERIES

24. The inverter, electricity production meter, and electricity net meter are
connected so that power produced by solar electric system will first be
consumed by the electrical loads currently in operation. The balance of
power produced by solar electric system passes through your electrical
panel and out onto the electric grid.
MONITORING SOLAR PANELS

25. REFLECTIVE TILES ON TERRACE
The terrace which has reflective white tiles, to reflect back heat and
thus reduce the need for artificial climate control measures. These tiles
are one that reflects the sun's heat and emits absorbed radiation back
in to the atmosphere. This will keep the inside building cooler. These
tile covers the entire roof of the building and can reduce inside building
temperature by upto 10 degree centigrade or even more.
EVAPORATIVE COOLING SYSTEM
This is the most efficient way of cooling system provided in the
building. In this system, big coolers are placed in which water runs
automatically, it absorbs large amount of heat from its
surroundings. Through the ducts provided in the cooler cool air goes
in the building. These coolers are placed at roof top and basement. It
provides cool air and maintain the temperature of building. It uses
less energy than refrigeration systems. There are four coolers at
rooftop and three in basement. All are controlled from the
basement.

26. COOLER AT ROOFTOP COOLER AT BASEMENT