UC is an idiopathic IBD that affects the colonic mucosa.
Hallmark of UC is bloody diarrhea often with prominent symptoms of rectal urgency and tenesmus.
The clinical course is marked by exacerbations and remissions.
The diagnosis of UC is suspected on clinical grounds and supported by the appropriate findings on
Proctosigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy
Biopsy
By negative stool examination for infectious causes
An anorectal abscess is a collection of pus in the anal or rectal region.
It may be caused by infection of an anal fissure, sexually transmitted infections or blocked anal glands.
An anorectal abscess is a collection of pus that builds up in the rectum and anus.
With prompt treatment, client with this condition usually recover very well.
Complications tend occur when treatment is delayed.
penyakit yang menyerang sistem gastrointestinal sangat beragam, salah satunya adalah crohn dan kolitis ulseratif. kedua penyakit ini memiliki beberapa perbedaan, baik dari segi gejala klinis, lokasi nyeri, dan sebagainya.
UC is an idiopathic IBD that affects the colonic mucosa.
Hallmark of UC is bloody diarrhea often with prominent symptoms of rectal urgency and tenesmus.
The clinical course is marked by exacerbations and remissions.
The diagnosis of UC is suspected on clinical grounds and supported by the appropriate findings on
Proctosigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy
Biopsy
By negative stool examination for infectious causes
An anorectal abscess is a collection of pus in the anal or rectal region.
It may be caused by infection of an anal fissure, sexually transmitted infections or blocked anal glands.
An anorectal abscess is a collection of pus that builds up in the rectum and anus.
With prompt treatment, client with this condition usually recover very well.
Complications tend occur when treatment is delayed.
penyakit yang menyerang sistem gastrointestinal sangat beragam, salah satunya adalah crohn dan kolitis ulseratif. kedua penyakit ini memiliki beberapa perbedaan, baik dari segi gejala klinis, lokasi nyeri, dan sebagainya.
LOWER GI HEMORRHAGE- PLAYLIST OF 6 VIDEOS
Dear Viewers,
Greetings from “Surgical Educator”.
I have made a playlist for Lower GI Hemorrhage which consists of six videos on various causes of Lower GI Hemorrhage. They are Introduction, diverticular disease, haemorrhoids, fissure-in-ano, colorectal carcinoma and inflammatory bowel disease. If you watch all these videos together you will become confident to tackle the clinical problem of Lower GI Hemorrhage. You can watch these videos in the following link: https://www.youtube.com/playlist…
Thank you for watching the videos.
Ulcerative colitis explanation, management and therapyYuliaDjatiwardani2
A chronic, inflammatory bowel disease that causes inflammation in the digestive tract.
Ulcerative colitis is usually only in the innermost lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. Forms range from mild to severe. Having ulcerative colitis puts a patient at increased risk of developing colon cancer.
Symptoms include rectal bleeding, bloody diarrhoea, abdominal cramps and pain.
Treatment includes medication and surgery.
inflammatory bowel disease is a diagnosis of exclusion and it has two form known as crohn's disease which can affect all GI tract from ''gum to bum'' with skip lesion and the formation of cobblestones. ulcerative colitis affect only the colon and also causes proctitis and toxic megacolon. both of the disease has extraGI symptoms like sclerosing cholangitis, uveitis, ankylosing spondylitis,conjunctivitis, liver cirrhosis, pyoderma gangrenosum, arthropathy and althralgia, etc .
2. Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD) of unknown aetiology, characterised by focal,
asymmetrical, transmural and occasionally granulomatous
inflammation. Infectious agents such as Mycobacterium
paratuberculosis, Pseudomonasspp. and Listeria spp. have all
been implicated. An increase in TNF-alpha, high-fat diets and
genetic mutations have all been mooted as possible causes.
It may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract but particularly
the terminal ileum and proximal colon.
Disease is restricted to the small bowel in 30% of patients and the
large bowel in 30% of patients. 40% of patients have involvement
of the small and large bowel.
Fistulae and strictures may occur.
3. SYMPTOMS
Symptoms are variable but often include diarrhoea (which may be bloody and
become chronic - ie present for more than six weeks), abdominal pain and/or weight
loss. Such symptoms should raise the suspicion of Crohn's disease, especially in
patients of young age.
Typically, there will be periods of acute exacerbation, interspersed with remissions or
less active disease.
Systemic symptoms of malaise, anorexia, or fever are common.
The history should include enquiry about possible extra-intestinal manifestations
involving the mouth, skin, eyes, joints and episodes of perianal abscess or anal
fissure.
Children may present with poor growth, delayed puberty, malnutrition and bone
demineralisation.
General ill health with signs of weight loss, fluid depletion and anaemia.
There may be hypotension, tachycardia and pyrexia during acute exacerbations.
Abdominal tenderness or distension, palpable masses.
Anal and perianal lesions (pendulous skin tags, abscesses, fistulae) are
characteristic., Mouth ulcers.
Clubbing, erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum.
Conjunctivitis, episcleritis, iritis., Large joint arthritis, sacroiliitis (10-12%), ankylosing
spondylitis.
Fatty liver, primary sclerosing cholangitis (rare), cholangiocarcinoma (rare).
Granulomata may occur (in 50-70% of patients) in the skin, epiglottis, mouth, vocal
cords, liver, nodes, mesentery, peritoneum, bones, joints, muscle or kidney.
Renal stones., Osteomalacia., Malnutrition., Amyloidosis.
4. INVESTIGATIONS
The diagnosis is confirmed by clinical evaluation and a combination of endoscopic,
histological, radiological and biochemical investigations.
Initial investigations are FBC, CRP, U&Es, LFTs, stool culture and microscopy. Serum
levels of CRP are useful for assessing a patient's risk of relapse. High CRP levels are
indicative of active disease or a bacterial complication. CRP levels can be used to guide
therapy and follow-up.
Antibodies to the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ie anti-S. cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA))
are more common in Crohn's disease than in ulcerative colitis. Perinuclear antineutrophil
cytoplasmic antibody (p-ANCA), is more common in ulcerative colitis than in Crohn's
disease. These two tests are sometimes useful in differentiating the two conditions but they
are not particularly specific and need to be combined with clinical assessment.
Microbiological testing for infectious diarrhoea including Clostridium difficile toxin is
recommended. In a patient with evidence of Crohn's disease, further investigations are
recommended to examine the location and extent of disease in the small bowel, usually
including small bowel follow-through or small bowel enema and, less often, abdominal
ultrasound, CT and MRI scanning.
Radionucleotide scanning may be used for patients too ill to undergo colonoscopy or barium
studies.
Gastroduodenoscopy and biopsy