This document discusses project management techniques like PERT and CPM. It uses an example of a construction company, Reliable, that was contracted to build a plant within a year. Key steps in PERT/CPM include identifying activities, precedence relationships, and time information to build a project network. The critical path is the longest path through the network and determines the shortest project duration. Crashing activities can reduce time but increases costs, so trade-offs must be considered. Marginal cost analysis and linear programming can help optimize crashing decisions.
This presentation emphasizes the concept of project management and its evolution in different phases with the difference between traditional and project management.
Project Management Techniques ( CPM & PERT Techniques )
A revised PPT from other shared PPT available
Project management is a scientific way of planning, implementing, monitoring & controlling the various aspects of a project such as time, money, materials, manpower & other resources.
By,
Mr. AKARESH JOSE
Kerala Agricultural University
akareshjose@gmail.com
Critical Path Method: Activities And Events, Float/SlacksPrasad Thanthratey
A presentation on Critical Path Method: Activities And Events, Float/Slacks course of Construction Management from students of 10th Semester Architecture at VNIT, Nagpur (January- April 2018)
This is the part of the presentation done by a PMP Workgroup which includes the project managers from NashTech, Trobz and Besco to study the Project Management and get the PMP certification. This part describes the process of Sequencing Activities in the Project Schedule Management knowledge area.
In this chapter, you will learn how to:
✔ Use the Backstage view to open and save Project files.
✔ Work with commands on different tabs of the ribbon interface, the major visual
change introduced in Project 2010.
✔ Use different views to see Project information presented in different ways.
This presentation emphasizes the concept of project management and its evolution in different phases with the difference between traditional and project management.
Project Management Techniques ( CPM & PERT Techniques )
A revised PPT from other shared PPT available
Project management is a scientific way of planning, implementing, monitoring & controlling the various aspects of a project such as time, money, materials, manpower & other resources.
By,
Mr. AKARESH JOSE
Kerala Agricultural University
akareshjose@gmail.com
Critical Path Method: Activities And Events, Float/SlacksPrasad Thanthratey
A presentation on Critical Path Method: Activities And Events, Float/Slacks course of Construction Management from students of 10th Semester Architecture at VNIT, Nagpur (January- April 2018)
This is the part of the presentation done by a PMP Workgroup which includes the project managers from NashTech, Trobz and Besco to study the Project Management and get the PMP certification. This part describes the process of Sequencing Activities in the Project Schedule Management knowledge area.
In this chapter, you will learn how to:
✔ Use the Backstage view to open and save Project files.
✔ Work with commands on different tabs of the ribbon interface, the major visual
change introduced in Project 2010.
✔ Use different views to see Project information presented in different ways.
Apj abdul kalam's vision of developed nepal nov 2008Bhim Upadhyaya
Dr Kalam came to Nepal in Nov 16 2008 and presented this lecture on how to bring Nepal to a state of a Developed Nation. Dr Kalam has been the visionary personality of the world, wherever he would go, he would go with a vision for that place and people there. My heartfelt Tribute this great son of the mother Planet.
Presentation by Baburam Aryal, President, Internet Society Nepal Chapter, on "Cyber Law in Nepal and implementation" at "Braindigit 9th National ICT Conference 2013" organized by Information Technology Society, Nepal at Alpha House, Kathmandu, Nepal on 26th January, 2013
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ADOPTION OF E-GOVERNMENT SERVICES IN PAKISTANMuhammad Ahmad
E-government provides opportunities to deliver various services more effectively and better serve citizens. In developing countries, e-government initiatives provide services that have been previously inaccessible to their citizens. However, e-government initiatives in developing countries are still in their infancy and face a wide range of barriers that restrict wide-spread use. Like many other developing countries, Pakistan has a low level of e-government services adoption. Previous research has investigated e-government services in developing countries from the organizational perspective. However, the research stream suffers from an absence of studies that have investigated e-government from a citizen’s perspective. The success of e-government services depends on government support as well as on citizen’s adoption. This paper aims to fill this gap by exploring the challenges and barriers of e-government services from the user’s perspective. In this study, an amended version of the UTAUT model is used to investigate the factors influencing the uptake of e-government services in Pakistan. The results show that the factors influencing the adoption of e-government services in Pakistan are related to ease of use, usefulness, social influence, technological issues, lack of awareness, data privacy, and trust. Implications for e-businesses and government policy decision makers are also considered in this study.
CPM and PERT are most commonly used methods for project management. There are some similarities and differences between PERT and CPM. PERT can be applied to any field requiring planned, controlled and integrated work efforts to accomplish defined objectives.
Critical Path Explained With 7 Q&As and a Free Excel TemplateSHAZEBALIKHAN1
The critical path method is the most used project management technique. Learn the CPM with 7 FAQs ranging from definition to method, process, tests. The attached excel sheet (hyperlinked in the article) explains the implementation of CPM in a project schedule.
project management-cpm and pert methods for managersNaganna Chetty
A project is a one shot, time limited, goal directed, major undertaking, requiring the commitment of varied skills & resources.
A project:
Has a unique purpose.
Is temporary.
Is developed using progressive elaboration.
Requires resources, often from various areas.
Should have a primary customer or sponsor.
The project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for the project.
Involves uncertainty.
Project managers work with project sponsors, project teams, and other people involved in projects to meet project goals.
Program: “A group of related projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them individually.”
Program managers oversee programs and often act as bosses for project managers.
Project management is “the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements.”
Ayurveda aapka swasthya aap ke haath by rajiv dixitBhim Upadhyaya
आयुरवेदमार्फत निरोगी हुने पुस्तकः लेखक राजीव दिक्षित ।
आपका स्वास्थ्य आप के हाथ । अवश्य पढ्नु होला र अनुसरण गर्नुहोला । सरल घरेल तरिका छ आयुर्वेद विज्ञान हो।
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. Agenda What is Project Management Discuss PERT/CPM Motivating Case Study: The Reliable Construction Company Ways of Finding the Critical Path Considering Time-Cost Trade-Offs
3. What is Project Management Project management can be defined as the coordination of activities with the potential use of many organizations, both internal and external to the business, in order to conduct a large scale project from beginning to end. There are two management science techniques that are used for project management: Program and Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) Critical Path Method (CPM)
4. PERT/CPM PERT PERT was designed to examine projects from the standpoint of uncertainty. CPM CPM was designed to examine projects from the standpoint of costs. PERT and CPM techniques have been combined over time. PERT and CPM both rely heavily on the use of networks to help plan and display the coordination of all the activities for a project.
5. The Reliable Construction Company Reliable has just secured a contract to construct a new plant for a major manufacturer. The contract is for $5.4 million to cover all costs and any profits. The plant must be finished in a year. A penalty of $300,000 will be assessed if Reliable does not complete the project within 47 weeks. A bonus of $150,000 will be paid to Reliable if the plant is completed within 40 weeks.
6. Needed Terminology Activity A distinct task that needs to be performed as part of the project. Start Node This is a node that represents the beginning of the project. Finish Node This node represents the end of the project.
7. Needed Terminology Cont. Immediate Predecessor These are activities that must be completed by no later than the start time of the given activity. Immediate Successor Given the immediate predecessor of an activity, this activity becomes the immediate successor of each of these immediate predecessors. If an immediate successor has multiple immediate predecessors, then all must be finished before an activity can begin.
9. Questions Needed to be Answered How can the project be displayed graphically? How much time is required to finish the project if no delays occur? When is earliest start and finish times for each activity if no delays occur? What activities are critical bottleneck activities where delays must be avoided to finish the project on time?
10. Questions Needed to be Answered Cont. For non bottleneck activities, how much can an activity be delayed and yet still keep the project on time? What is the probability of completing the project by the deadline? What is the least amount of money needed to expedite the project to obtain the bonus? How should costs be monitored to keep the project within budget?
11. Project Network A project network is a network diagram that uses nodes and arcs to represent the progression of the activities is a project from start to finish. Three pieces of information needed: Activity information Precedence relationship Time information
12. Project Network Cont. Two types of project networks Activity-on-Arc (AOA) On this diagram, the activity is represented on an arc, while a node is used to separate an activity from its immediate predecessors. Activity-on-Node (AON) On this diagram, the activity is represented by the node, while the arc is used to showed the precedence relationship between the activities.
15. Scheduling Using PERT/CPM A path through a project network is a route that follows a set of arcs from the start node to the finish node. The length of a path is defined as the sum of the durations of the activities of the path. What are the paths and their corresponding lengths for Reliable?
16. Critical Path This is the path that has the longest length through the project. The shortest time that a project can conceivably be finished is the critical path. Why?
17. More Terminology Earliest start time of an activity (ES) The time at which an activity will begin if there are no delays in a project. Earliest finish time of an activity (EF) The time at which an activity will finish if there are no delays in a project. Latest start time of an activity (LS) The latest possible time that an activity can start without delaying the project.
18. More Terminology Cont. Latest finish time of an activity (LF) The latest possible time that an activity can be completed without delaying the project. Forward pass The process of moving through a project from start to finish to determine the earliest start and finish times for the activities in the project.
19. More Terminology Cont. Backward pass The process of moving through a project from finish to start to determine the latest start and finish times for the activities in the project. Slack for an activity The amount of time that a particular activity can be delayed without delaying the whole project. It is calculated by taking the difference between the latest finish time with the earliest finish time.
20. More Terminology Cont. Earliest start time rule The earliest start time for an activity is equal to the largest of the earliest finish times of its immediate predecessors. Latest finish time rule The latest finish time is equal to the smallest of the latest start times of its immediate successors.
21. Procedure for Obtaining Earliest Times Step 1: For the activity that starts the project, assign an earliest start time of zero, i.e., ES=0. Step 2: For each activity whose ES has just been obtained, calculate its earliest finish time as ES plus duration of the activity. Step 3: For each new activity whose immediate predecessors have EF values, obtain its ES by using the earliest start time rule.
22. Procedure for Obtaining Earliest Times Cont. Step 4: Apply step 2 to calculate EF. Step 5: Repeat step 3 until ES and EF have been obtained for all activities including the finish node.
23. Procedure for Obtaining Latest Times Step 1: For each of the activities that together complete the project, set its latest finish time equal to the earliest finish time of the finish node. Step 2: For each activity whose LF value has just been obtained, calculate its latest start time as LS equals LF minus the duration of the activity.
24. Procedure for Obtaining Latest Times Cont. Step 3: For each new activity whose immediate successors now have LS values, obtain its LF by applying the latest finish time rule. Step 4: Apply step 2 to calculate its LS. Step 5: Repeat step 3 until LF and LS have been obtained for all activities.
25.
26. Ways of Finding the Critical Path Examine all the paths and find the path with the maximum length. Calculate the slack for an activity. If the slack is zero, it is on the critical path. If the slack is positive, it is not on the critical path.
27. Time-Cost Trade-Offs Reliable had an incentive bonus of $150,000 to finish the project in 40 weeks. Is it worth while for Reliable to speed-up the project?
28. Crashing Crashing an activity refers to taking on extra expenditures in order to reduce the duration of an activity below its expected value. Crashing a project refers to crashing a number of activities to reduce the duration of the project.
29. CPM Method of Time-Cost Trade-Offs This is a method concerned with whether it is worthwhile to crash activities to reduce the anticipated duration of the project to a desired value. This assumes that there is a trade-off between time and cost that has an inverse relationship.
30. More Terminology Normal Point is the time and cost of an activity when it is performed in a normal way. Crash point show the time and cost when the activity is fully crashed.
32. Marginal Cost Analysis It is a method of using the marginal cost of crashing individual activities on the current critical path to determine the least expensive way of reducing the project duration to an acceptable level. This method requires you to calculate the cost per desired time unit and compare each cost with the other costs.
33.
34. Marginal Cost Analysis Cont. Once the marginal cost for crashing each activity has been conducted, you next want to choose the crashing that has the smallest marginal cost. Next, calculate the effect that the crash has on each path. Note: Crashing can potentially cause another path to become a critical path.
35. Solving Crashing Problems Using LP There are three decisions to be made: The start time of each activity The reduction in each activity due to crashing The finish time of the project LP model will be examined in class.