Education was regarded as one of the basic sectors of the economy and due importance was given to it in all five year plans. Research, with the virtue of its broad perspective, is it essentially imperative in every field of life. The education is no exception to it. The various commission and policies initiated by the Government of India have emphasized to enhance quality education focusing on the different aspects of education. The National Education Policy 2020 is another effort in this direction, which contemplates transmuting nation into a vibrant knowledge society through high quality education for all. The purpose of this paper is to critically analyze National Education Policy 2020. The main focus is research and development, with several recommendations highlighting the importance of research activities, also recommends for the establishment of the National Research Foundation. National Research Foundation recommends in NEP 2020 to enhance the quality and quantity of research. Although much has been focused still remain some areas which need more attention. This paper establishes the relation between the recommendations and present status of research it also brings the future perspective for the same. Farheen Rafat | Sayedil Islam "Critical Appraisal of National Education Policy 2020 with Special Reference to Research and Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38711.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/38711/critical-appraisal-of-national-education-policy-2020-with-special-reference-to-research-and-development/farheen-rafat
This study provides a gender analysis of public sector budgets in education sector of Pakistan. An indepth analysis of pre-primary to secondary level education budgetary allocations and spending at federal and provincial (Punjab and Sindh) levels for the period of 2016-18 has been conducted through a gender lens. The research methodology is based on four key instruments, which help in systematically approaching our research questions. These instruments include review of existing secondary information and data, key informant interviews, stakeholder consultations, and a detailed review of budgetary processes. The study reveals gender disparity in out-of-school children at primary level. According to the study, 47 per cent boys as opposed to 58 per cent girls in Sindh whereas 39 per cent boys as opposed to 41 per cent girls were out-of-school in the Punjab. The study also finds noticeable gender disparities in budgetary allocations. The study concludes that in order to ensure sufficient allocations to promote girls’ education, the budget making process needs to be reconfigured. The gender lens should be introduced at a very early stage where budget call circulars are being sent to the departments concerned.
Implementation of Strategic Plan in Public Secondary Schools in Migwani Sub C...ijtsrd
School strategic planning is the key to determine the school's success as it prepares to respond to ever changing academic landscape. This study intended to find out the roles of school stakeholders in the implementation of the school strategic plan in public secondary schools in Migwani sub-county. The specific objectives were - To assess the extent to which strategic plans had been implemented in public secondary schools in Migwani sub- county, to find out the role of parents in implementation of the school strategic plan, to find out the role of government in implementation of school strategic plan and to find out the role of school management in implementation of school strategic plans in Migwani Sub-County. Descriptive survey study approach was used. Questionnaires and interview schedule were used for data collection. The population of the study comprised of 22 public secondary schools which had documented strategic plan in Migwani sub-county as per February 2017. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 66 respondents out of 286. The respondents were parents PTA members, school principals and BOG members. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The study found that the parents and government are the main financiers of all the school projects stated in the strategic plan. Government provides teachers and policies which are essential for implementation of strategic plan. BOG plan, budget and prioritize the items for implementation. An average of 34.59 of strategies had been implemented. There was no statistical difference in the role played by parents, government and school management 0.979 . Dr. Charles Mulandi Zakayo "Implementation of Strategic Plan in Public Secondary Schools in Migwani Sub County in Kitui County Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18874.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/strategic-management/18874/implementation-of-strategic-plan-in-public-secondary-schools-in-migwani-sub-county-in-kitui-county-kenya/dr-charles-mulandi-zakayo
Eu - Innovative practices in education for sustainable development - oct 2008Andrea Vitali
The European Strategy for Sustainable Development recognises the important role that education and training systems should play in order to achieve the objectives of sustainable development. Education and training should contribute to all three axes of sustainable development, namely the social, economic and environmental dimensions. The aim of this study was to prepare an inventory of innovative good practices for the purpose of stimulating exchange of good and innovative practices in education for sustainable development. The study has been commissioned by the European Commission, DG Education and Culture, Unit A2Lifelong Learning: Creativity and Innovation. The inventory illustrates how the concept of Sustainable Development has been translated and implemented in educational and training programmes in formal, informal and non-formal contexts.
This study provides a gender analysis of public sector budgets in education sector of Pakistan. An indepth analysis of pre-primary to secondary level education budgetary allocations and spending at federal and provincial (Punjab and Sindh) levels for the period of 2016-18 has been conducted through a gender lens. The research methodology is based on four key instruments, which help in systematically approaching our research questions. These instruments include review of existing secondary information and data, key informant interviews, stakeholder consultations, and a detailed review of budgetary processes. The study reveals gender disparity in out-of-school children at primary level. According to the study, 47 per cent boys as opposed to 58 per cent girls in Sindh whereas 39 per cent boys as opposed to 41 per cent girls were out-of-school in the Punjab. The study also finds noticeable gender disparities in budgetary allocations. The study concludes that in order to ensure sufficient allocations to promote girls’ education, the budget making process needs to be reconfigured. The gender lens should be introduced at a very early stage where budget call circulars are being sent to the departments concerned.
Implementation of Strategic Plan in Public Secondary Schools in Migwani Sub C...ijtsrd
School strategic planning is the key to determine the school's success as it prepares to respond to ever changing academic landscape. This study intended to find out the roles of school stakeholders in the implementation of the school strategic plan in public secondary schools in Migwani sub-county. The specific objectives were - To assess the extent to which strategic plans had been implemented in public secondary schools in Migwani sub- county, to find out the role of parents in implementation of the school strategic plan, to find out the role of government in implementation of school strategic plan and to find out the role of school management in implementation of school strategic plans in Migwani Sub-County. Descriptive survey study approach was used. Questionnaires and interview schedule were used for data collection. The population of the study comprised of 22 public secondary schools which had documented strategic plan in Migwani sub-county as per February 2017. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 66 respondents out of 286. The respondents were parents PTA members, school principals and BOG members. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The study found that the parents and government are the main financiers of all the school projects stated in the strategic plan. Government provides teachers and policies which are essential for implementation of strategic plan. BOG plan, budget and prioritize the items for implementation. An average of 34.59 of strategies had been implemented. There was no statistical difference in the role played by parents, government and school management 0.979 . Dr. Charles Mulandi Zakayo "Implementation of Strategic Plan in Public Secondary Schools in Migwani Sub County in Kitui County Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-1 , December 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18874.pdf
http://www.ijtsrd.com/management/strategic-management/18874/implementation-of-strategic-plan-in-public-secondary-schools-in-migwani-sub-county-in-kitui-county-kenya/dr-charles-mulandi-zakayo
Eu - Innovative practices in education for sustainable development - oct 2008Andrea Vitali
The European Strategy for Sustainable Development recognises the important role that education and training systems should play in order to achieve the objectives of sustainable development. Education and training should contribute to all three axes of sustainable development, namely the social, economic and environmental dimensions. The aim of this study was to prepare an inventory of innovative good practices for the purpose of stimulating exchange of good and innovative practices in education for sustainable development. The study has been commissioned by the European Commission, DG Education and Culture, Unit A2Lifelong Learning: Creativity and Innovation. The inventory illustrates how the concept of Sustainable Development has been translated and implemented in educational and training programmes in formal, informal and non-formal contexts.
Educational planning, is the application of rational, systematic analysis to the process of educational development with the aim of making education more effective and efficient in responding to the needs and goals of its students and society.
‘If you do not know where you are going, any road will take you there. [Educational planning] is about choosing a direction and destination first, deciding on the route and intermediary stops required to get there, checking progress against a map and making course adjustments as required in order to realise the desired objectives.’ (UNESCO 2011: 1)
Intensification of Leadership, Rewards and Recognition through PROJECT SUCCES...YogeshIJTSRD
This paper offers a qualitative quantitative descriptive research design involving the schools in the divisions of Agusan del Sur under Alternative Learning System ALS Accreditation and Equivalent A and E program. An adopted questionnaire from the Blake and Mouton Managerial Grid for Leadership Self Assessment and a validated questionnaire for Recognition and Rewards was utilized. The respondents of this study were the mobile teachers MTs and district ALS coordinators DALCs , the successful ALS AandE passers, and the division ALS supervisors DALSSs . To verify and validate the respondents’ answers, the researcher conducted an FGD to provide evidences of the implementers and to track if there is an improved quality of education through Project SUCCESS. This study concludes that the teacher implementers show a positive indication that the project was intensified and implemented with conscious effort, given the teachers’ understanding of ALS program and competence of how it should be delivered to the learners. Likewise, student learners show a constructive response relative to ALS program. This therefore recommends that education sector can increase the depth and width of the impact assessment of ALS Program under the K to 12 program. Doing so can ensure the quality of the quantity of teachers and students that the education sector is aiming for. Lalaine S. Gomera "Intensification of Leadership, Rewards and Recognition through PROJECT SUCCESS (Solving Underserved ALS Completers through Collaboration, Extensive Learning Sessions and Self-Assessment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43915.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/43915/intensification-of-leadership-rewards-and-recognition-through-project-success-solving-underserved-als-completers-through-collaboration-extensive-learning-sessions-and-selfassessment/lalaine-s-gomera
This study aims to discuss opportunities for developing the concept of Personal Prophetic Leadership
(Perpec-L) as an intrinsic character education model that can increase productivity. This study examines the
relationship between machiavellism, lecturer achievement index, prophet leadership and lecturer
productivity
The Influence of Pedagogic Supervision on School Effectiveness in Public Prim...ijtsrd
The focus of this paper was to examine the influence of pedagogic supervision on school effectiveness in public nursery and primary schools in Fako division, South West Region of Cameroon. The survey research design was adopted for the study. Data was collected from 406 teachers and 62 head teachers from both nursery and primary schools and the number of accessible nursery and primary schools were twenty three. Questionnaire and semi structured interview guide were the instruments used for the study. The instruments consisted of both close and open ended questions. For the reliability statistics, the internal consistency of the head teachers' responses ranged from 0.782 to 0.893. The overall reliability coefficient was 0.989 which was above the recommended threshold of 0.7, while the internal consistency of the teachers' responses ranged from 0.734 to 0.876. Findings showed that while some inspectors could not rate the effectiveness of their schools, others said the effectiveness of their schools were above 12 , 50 and 80 respectively. Findings Comparing teachers' opinion on the carrying out of pedagogic supervision by head teachers showed that head teachers do not significantly differ in their opinion on the practice of pedagogic supervision in school P 0.05 . Furthermore, head teachers teaching in the nursery school, 77.8 and 96.2 of those teaching in primary schools disagreed that their head teachers are carrying out pedagogic supervision. On the same note, as findings showed that pedagogic supervision has a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of public nursery and primary schools. From the findings, recommendations were made. Lingondo Joseph Mwambo "The Influence of Pedagogic Supervision on School Effectiveness in Public Primary Schools in Fako Division, South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31085.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/31085/the-influence-of-pedagogic-supervision-on-school-effectiveness-in-public-primary-schools-in-fako-division-south-west-region-of-cameroon/lingondo-joseph-mwambo
Macro and Micro environmental factors of marketing with respect to education ...Mohit Mahajan
Macro and Micro environmental factors of marketing with respect to education sector. this ppt tells us about the education sector, micro and macro environment and its factors with reference to the Indian education system.
Good Governance Implications on Principals' Effectiveness in Public Secondary...ijtsrd
This research titled "Good Governance Implications on Principals' Effectiveness in Public Secondary Schools PSS in the South West Region SWR of Cameroon", sought to examine the extent to which good governance practice participation affect principals' effectiveness. More specifically, this paper sought to find out how participation in decision making affects principals' effectiveness. The survey research design was employed and a sample of 380 made up of school administrators principals, vice principals, senior discipline masters mistresses and counsellors and teachers, students and parents were used. The simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the respondents. The instruments used in collecting data were questionnaires both open and closed ended and a guide for focus group discussion. Validation of instruments was done through face and content validity. Reliability was achieved through the test re test method. The statistical package for social sciences SPSS , version 25 was used to analyse data. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. For descriptive statistics, frequencies, percentages, bar charts and pie charts were used. For inferential statistics, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient Value® was employed to test the hypothesis. The results rejected the null hypothesis while retaining the alternative form. The indicator had a moderate relationship, that is, participation in decision making rxy comp. value =0.561 . This value was compared to the maximum value 1, to determine the strength of the relationship. This led to the conclusion that participation in decision making has a significant relationship with principals' effectiveness. Based on these results recommendations were made following the specific objective. Principals are advised regularly to use participatory decision making to foster their effectiveness. Haddassah Limunga Mbake "Good Governance: Implications on Principals' Effectiveness in Public Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31722.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/31722/good-governance-implications-on-principals%E2%80%99-effectiveness-in-public-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/haddassah-limunga-mbake
National Seminar on Social Media Networks and Society organised by Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University (TNTEU), Chennai and Indian Council of Social Science Research (IMPRESS), New Delhi on 3rd February 2021
Assessing the Implementation of National Education Policy in Promoting Adult ...ijtsrd
The National Education Policy NEP is a comprehensive framework that outlines the vision and goals for the educational system of a nation. In recent years, there has been an increasing recognition of the importance of adult education and lifelong learning in fostering personal growth, social development, and economic prosperity. This research abstract explores the role of the National Education Policy in promoting adult education and lifelong learning within the context of a countrys education system. It emphasizes the transformative potential of lifelong learning to enhance employability, promote social inclusion, and empower individuals to actively participate in democratic processes. It discusses the policys objectives, strategies, and initiatives aimed at promoting access, equity, and quality in adult education. It also delves into the policys focus on integrating technology, innovative pedagogies, and flexible learning pathways to enhance the effectiveness of adult education and lifelong learning programs. The research paper concludes by highlighting the potential impact of the National Education Policy on adult learners, communities, and society at large. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive monitoring and evaluation frameworks to assess the effectiveness and outcomes of adult education and lifelong learning programs in achieving their intended goals. This paper contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the importance of adult education and lifelong learning in shaping inclusive and sustainable educational systems. Mr. Subhrajeet Behera | Dr. Manisha Dubey "Assessing the Implementation of National Education Policy in Promoting Adult Education and Life-Long Learning: Opportunities and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56339.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/56339/assessing-the-implementation-of-national-education-policy-in-promoting-adult-education-and-lifelong-learning-opportunities-and-challenges/mr-subhrajeet-behera
Well defined and nice training guidelines at the school level are important, as schooling ends in monetary and social development. the new policy coverage introduced using the authorities of India NEP 2020 was a welcome trade and sparkling information in all the terrible circumstances surrounding the arena. The assertion of NEP 2020 came as an entire marvel to many. The modifications advocated with the aid of NEP 2020 had been something many educators had never seen before, at the same time as schooling coverage has impacted schools and higher schooling equally, this text focuses generally on NEP 2020 and its implications for better education. The paper additionally evaluations the salient capabilities of NEP and analyses how it influences existing schooling structures. Eventually, a few guidelines are made for powerful implementations to achieve the goal. Premananda Sarkar "Impact of NEP 2020 on Secondary Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57465.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/57465/impact-of-nep-2020-on-secondary-education/premananda-sarkar
Educational planning, is the application of rational, systematic analysis to the process of educational development with the aim of making education more effective and efficient in responding to the needs and goals of its students and society.
‘If you do not know where you are going, any road will take you there. [Educational planning] is about choosing a direction and destination first, deciding on the route and intermediary stops required to get there, checking progress against a map and making course adjustments as required in order to realise the desired objectives.’ (UNESCO 2011: 1)
Intensification of Leadership, Rewards and Recognition through PROJECT SUCCES...YogeshIJTSRD
This paper offers a qualitative quantitative descriptive research design involving the schools in the divisions of Agusan del Sur under Alternative Learning System ALS Accreditation and Equivalent A and E program. An adopted questionnaire from the Blake and Mouton Managerial Grid for Leadership Self Assessment and a validated questionnaire for Recognition and Rewards was utilized. The respondents of this study were the mobile teachers MTs and district ALS coordinators DALCs , the successful ALS AandE passers, and the division ALS supervisors DALSSs . To verify and validate the respondents’ answers, the researcher conducted an FGD to provide evidences of the implementers and to track if there is an improved quality of education through Project SUCCESS. This study concludes that the teacher implementers show a positive indication that the project was intensified and implemented with conscious effort, given the teachers’ understanding of ALS program and competence of how it should be delivered to the learners. Likewise, student learners show a constructive response relative to ALS program. This therefore recommends that education sector can increase the depth and width of the impact assessment of ALS Program under the K to 12 program. Doing so can ensure the quality of the quantity of teachers and students that the education sector is aiming for. Lalaine S. Gomera "Intensification of Leadership, Rewards and Recognition through PROJECT SUCCESS (Solving Underserved ALS Completers through Collaboration, Extensive Learning Sessions and Self-Assessment" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43915.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/43915/intensification-of-leadership-rewards-and-recognition-through-project-success-solving-underserved-als-completers-through-collaboration-extensive-learning-sessions-and-selfassessment/lalaine-s-gomera
This study aims to discuss opportunities for developing the concept of Personal Prophetic Leadership
(Perpec-L) as an intrinsic character education model that can increase productivity. This study examines the
relationship between machiavellism, lecturer achievement index, prophet leadership and lecturer
productivity
The Influence of Pedagogic Supervision on School Effectiveness in Public Prim...ijtsrd
The focus of this paper was to examine the influence of pedagogic supervision on school effectiveness in public nursery and primary schools in Fako division, South West Region of Cameroon. The survey research design was adopted for the study. Data was collected from 406 teachers and 62 head teachers from both nursery and primary schools and the number of accessible nursery and primary schools were twenty three. Questionnaire and semi structured interview guide were the instruments used for the study. The instruments consisted of both close and open ended questions. For the reliability statistics, the internal consistency of the head teachers' responses ranged from 0.782 to 0.893. The overall reliability coefficient was 0.989 which was above the recommended threshold of 0.7, while the internal consistency of the teachers' responses ranged from 0.734 to 0.876. Findings showed that while some inspectors could not rate the effectiveness of their schools, others said the effectiveness of their schools were above 12 , 50 and 80 respectively. Findings Comparing teachers' opinion on the carrying out of pedagogic supervision by head teachers showed that head teachers do not significantly differ in their opinion on the practice of pedagogic supervision in school P 0.05 . Furthermore, head teachers teaching in the nursery school, 77.8 and 96.2 of those teaching in primary schools disagreed that their head teachers are carrying out pedagogic supervision. On the same note, as findings showed that pedagogic supervision has a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of public nursery and primary schools. From the findings, recommendations were made. Lingondo Joseph Mwambo "The Influence of Pedagogic Supervision on School Effectiveness in Public Primary Schools in Fako Division, South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31085.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/31085/the-influence-of-pedagogic-supervision-on-school-effectiveness-in-public-primary-schools-in-fako-division-south-west-region-of-cameroon/lingondo-joseph-mwambo
Macro and Micro environmental factors of marketing with respect to education ...Mohit Mahajan
Macro and Micro environmental factors of marketing with respect to education sector. this ppt tells us about the education sector, micro and macro environment and its factors with reference to the Indian education system.
Good Governance Implications on Principals' Effectiveness in Public Secondary...ijtsrd
This research titled "Good Governance Implications on Principals' Effectiveness in Public Secondary Schools PSS in the South West Region SWR of Cameroon", sought to examine the extent to which good governance practice participation affect principals' effectiveness. More specifically, this paper sought to find out how participation in decision making affects principals' effectiveness. The survey research design was employed and a sample of 380 made up of school administrators principals, vice principals, senior discipline masters mistresses and counsellors and teachers, students and parents were used. The simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were used to select the respondents. The instruments used in collecting data were questionnaires both open and closed ended and a guide for focus group discussion. Validation of instruments was done through face and content validity. Reliability was achieved through the test re test method. The statistical package for social sciences SPSS , version 25 was used to analyse data. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were employed. For descriptive statistics, frequencies, percentages, bar charts and pie charts were used. For inferential statistics, the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient Value® was employed to test the hypothesis. The results rejected the null hypothesis while retaining the alternative form. The indicator had a moderate relationship, that is, participation in decision making rxy comp. value =0.561 . This value was compared to the maximum value 1, to determine the strength of the relationship. This led to the conclusion that participation in decision making has a significant relationship with principals' effectiveness. Based on these results recommendations were made following the specific objective. Principals are advised regularly to use participatory decision making to foster their effectiveness. Haddassah Limunga Mbake "Good Governance: Implications on Principals' Effectiveness in Public Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31722.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/31722/good-governance-implications-on-principals%E2%80%99-effectiveness-in-public-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/haddassah-limunga-mbake
National Seminar on Social Media Networks and Society organised by Tamil Nadu Teachers Education University (TNTEU), Chennai and Indian Council of Social Science Research (IMPRESS), New Delhi on 3rd February 2021
Assessing the Implementation of National Education Policy in Promoting Adult ...ijtsrd
The National Education Policy NEP is a comprehensive framework that outlines the vision and goals for the educational system of a nation. In recent years, there has been an increasing recognition of the importance of adult education and lifelong learning in fostering personal growth, social development, and economic prosperity. This research abstract explores the role of the National Education Policy in promoting adult education and lifelong learning within the context of a countrys education system. It emphasizes the transformative potential of lifelong learning to enhance employability, promote social inclusion, and empower individuals to actively participate in democratic processes. It discusses the policys objectives, strategies, and initiatives aimed at promoting access, equity, and quality in adult education. It also delves into the policys focus on integrating technology, innovative pedagogies, and flexible learning pathways to enhance the effectiveness of adult education and lifelong learning programs. The research paper concludes by highlighting the potential impact of the National Education Policy on adult learners, communities, and society at large. It emphasizes the need for comprehensive monitoring and evaluation frameworks to assess the effectiveness and outcomes of adult education and lifelong learning programs in achieving their intended goals. This paper contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the importance of adult education and lifelong learning in shaping inclusive and sustainable educational systems. Mr. Subhrajeet Behera | Dr. Manisha Dubey "Assessing the Implementation of National Education Policy in Promoting Adult Education and Life-Long Learning: Opportunities and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56339.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/56339/assessing-the-implementation-of-national-education-policy-in-promoting-adult-education-and-lifelong-learning-opportunities-and-challenges/mr-subhrajeet-behera
Well defined and nice training guidelines at the school level are important, as schooling ends in monetary and social development. the new policy coverage introduced using the authorities of India NEP 2020 was a welcome trade and sparkling information in all the terrible circumstances surrounding the arena. The assertion of NEP 2020 came as an entire marvel to many. The modifications advocated with the aid of NEP 2020 had been something many educators had never seen before, at the same time as schooling coverage has impacted schools and higher schooling equally, this text focuses generally on NEP 2020 and its implications for better education. The paper additionally evaluations the salient capabilities of NEP and analyses how it influences existing schooling structures. Eventually, a few guidelines are made for powerful implementations to achieve the goal. Premananda Sarkar "Impact of NEP 2020 on Secondary Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57465.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/57465/impact-of-nep-2020-on-secondary-education/premananda-sarkar
NEP 2020 INITITATIVE FOR CULTURAL AWRARENESS UGC.pdfashimasahni3
The main focus of this study is on the New Education Policy 2020 (NEP) and its implications
for promoting Indian culture in education. Through a comprehensive literature review, the
authors analyze how this policy aims to establish a stronger connection between the present
generation and the rich heritage of Indian culture, ancient wisdom, and traditional skills. The
paper also explores the provisions of NEP 2020 for the preservation and promotion of
endangered Indian languages, with special attention given to unscripted languages that face
the risk of extinction. In addition, the authors provide valuable insights and suggestions for
policymakers to effectively implement NEP 2020 and transform the education system to
reflect Indian values, thoughts, and foster a sense of national integrationINTRODUCTION
The New Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) has a primary objective of fostering a nationstate that embraces and respects diverse conceptions of a fulfilling life. It acknowledges the
importance of recognizing and respecting different cultures, understanding that diversity can
thrive in such an environment. NEP 2020 seeks to transform the higher education system inIndia by shifting from a teacher-centric to a student-centric approach, from a focus on
information to a focus on knowledge, from a marks-centric system to a skills-centric system,
from an examination-centric approach to an experimental-centric approach, from a learningcentric perspective to a research-centric perspective, and from a choice-centric system to a
competency-centric system. This transformation is in line with the 2030 Agenda for
Sustainable Development, as sustainability has become an integral part of international
educational policies. The UN General Assembly's adoption of the 2030 Agenda in 2015
established 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be achieved by 2030. NEP 2020
aligns with these goals, particularly with regards to empowering vulnerable individuals
(Article 23) and ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education at all levels (Article 25).
Consequently, NEP 2020 has set forth ambitious goals to establish India as a knowledge
society and a global knowledge superpower. It envisions a comprehensive transformation of
both school and higher education systems to adapt to the demands of the 21st century,
emphasizing flexibility, multidisciplinary, and responsiveness. Furthermore, NEP 2020
recognizes the economic significance of education, aiming to harness higher education as a
catalyst for knowledge creation, innovation, and economic growth. However, the realization
of these goals by 2030 relies heavily on the ability of the government, universities, and
schools to effectively address and overcome the practical challenges that lie ahead.
Implementation strategies, resource allocation, infrastructure development, faculty training,
and stakeholder collaboration will play crucial roles in shaping the success of NEP 2020 in
transforming
Emerging Trends in Teacher Education Under NEP2020ijtsrd
Through the goal of brining about a paradigm shift in how teacher education is delivered, the National Education Policy NEP 2020 constitutes a key milestone in Indias educational system. It highlights the value of transdisciplinary instruction, technological integration and education and care for young kids. One kind of program that is very transformative, inquisitive, and universal is teacher education. Modify Programs for teacher education should be created with needs and desires in consideration. A world and civilization in transition Thus, every step of the recruiting, onboarding, training, reward, retention, and feedback processes for teachers needs to be carefully planned properly. Additionally, insuring that the greatest education occurs in the classroom ought to be the ultimate objective of in service teacher development. For it to provide the next generation of teachers with the necessary skills to effectively integrate technology into their teaching practices, teacher education programs ought to incorporate experiential learning opportunities and hands on training. It is recommended that teacher education courses be revised to incorporate thorough instruction on technological and digital tool integrating practices. Examine suggested changes to professional development and teacher preparation programs in order to guarantee that educators have the abilities and know how to successfully execute new educational campaigns. mentoring, on site academic support for teachers, training courses, Peer learning, distance education, and practicing instruction in a classroom under an outstanding instructor are a few possible avenues for teachers to develop their ability to greet plurality.The instructor Development tends to be an ongoing endeavor rather than something that occurs once and for all. Be flexible and involved. Just as effective as career long teacher development. A instructor ought to With his knowledge, he can help learners grow. There ought to be educators who have the ability to make learning fun. Both in service and pre service training are required. The primary aim of the dialogue will be to examine particular reforms that have been proposed suggested for the education of teachers, like the enactment of multidisciplinary training programs and chances for ongoing professional development. The significance of incorporating technology into teacher preparation programs and the importance of mentoring to improve teaching methods will also be addressed in this essay. Learners’ ought to be prepared for complete growth and continuing education throughout their lives. Shibsankar Jana "Emerging Trends in Teacher Education Under NEP2020" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-6 , December 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd61305.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/61305/emerging-trends-in-teacher-education-unde
The Role of Education in Economic Developmentijtsrd
Till recently economists have been considering physical capital as the most important factor determining economic growth and have been recommending that rate of physical capital formation in developing countries must be increased to accelerate the process of economic growth and raise the living standards of the people. Education is the most powerful weapon which one can use to change the world. Education is a social instrument through which one can achieve his her goals and shape his future. The Importance of Education is an important issue in one’s life. It is the key to success in the future and to have many opportunities in our life. Education has many advantages for people. For instance, it illuminates a person’s mind and thinking. It has a high rank in humanity. It increases the efficiency and enhances the mental capability of an individual. In this study, we investigate the determinants of grades of school student in India. R. Deepa | Dr. S. Selvaraj "The Role of Education in Economic Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49954.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/49954/the-role-of-education-in-economic-development/r-deepa
Early Childhood Care Education ECCE of Govt and Non Govt with Reference to Qu...ijtsrd
Early childhood Care Education ECCE is the focus in recent years because National Education Policy 2020 has made a major breakthrough by integrating it with class 1 and 2 to foundational stage. This stage has immense importance in terms of cognitive development of child.It is established that 75 per cent of human brain development occurs during early childhood period. The foundational stage is five years duration out of which 3 years for Pre school Anganwadi and 2 years for Primary classes.. The ECCE has direct impact on the all round development of children for which an equitable quality education at this stage can be provided by the existing ECCE program. Dr. Saroja Kanta Choudhury "Early Childhood Care Education (ECCE) of Govt and Non Govt with Reference to Quality and Effective Models" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45210.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/45210/early-childhood-care-education-ecce-of-govt-and-non-govt-with-reference-to-quality-and-effective-models/dr-saroja-kanta-choudhury
Indian Science Techno Festival ISTF-2021 (Virtual) organized by Raman Science & Technology Foundation, National Council of Teacher Scientist, India and APJ Abdul Kalam National Council of Young Scientist on 26-28 Feb 2021
Discussion on economic aspects of education has acquired great significance in education research during the new millennium earmarked as Knowledge Economy. Education for the Knowledge Economy (EKE) refers to efforts at production of the highly skilled and flexible human capital needed to compete effectively in today’s dynamic global markets. Experiences of last one decade in the IT enabled BPO sector has proved India’s ability to produce and use knowledge as a major factor in economic development and has proved to be critical to India’s comparative advantage. Economists have recognized importance of EKE to develop a workforce that is well-trained and capable of generating knowledge-driven economic growth.
Economics of Education analyzes both what determines or creates education and what impact education has on individuals and the societies and economies in which they live. Historically a great deal of emphasis has been placed on determining outcomes to educational investment and the creation of human capital. The primary mission of the economics of education group is to identify opportunities for improved efficiency, equity, and quality of education and promote effective education reform processes, to enhance knowledge of what drives education outcomes and results; to better understanding how to strengthen the links of education systems with the labour market; and to build and support a network of education economists for education policy planning and evolve structures and mechanisms for implementation.
The institutions of current education play a central role in the progress and development of nation, due to their education aimed at preparing and training human energies that lead social and economic development. Scientific research aimed at exploring the depths of knowledge and finding solutions to renewable needs and serving the community that aims to meet its requirements on the basis of Partnership with both institutions and individuals. Ali Mohammed Al Dayli "Strategic Planning for Higher Education" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-6 , December 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd60112.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/60112/strategic-planning-for-higher-education/ali-mohammed-al-dayli
Cosmetics are defined as “items with mild action on the human body for the purpose of cleaning, beautifying, adding to the attractiveness, altering the appearance, or keeping or promoting the skin or hair in good condition- while functional cosmetics, even if falling under the cosmetic definition, are designated as “items fulfilling specific actions like skin whitening, minimizing the appearance of lines in the face and body, protecting from the sun and sun tanning-. Ahiya Noor | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "Cosmetic Science: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45135.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45135/cosmetic-science-an-overview/ahiya-noor
Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis ProceraYogeshIJTSRD
Plants growing in arid regions have elicited increased attention, because the hostile environment, in which these plants survive, forces them to develop chemical protective systems through adaptation which is rarely found in vegetation of other ecosystems. Furthermore, many of the plants grow in areas, where the dependence on traditional, plant based medicines over industrially produced pharmaceuticals persists to this day. The two plants, Calotopris Procera giant milkweed, also named C. Persica and Calotropis gigantea crown ower , have been used widely in traditional medicine in North Africa, the Middle East, and South and South East Asia. This has led to extensive research on the chemical constituents of the plants. Both plants are known to be sources of cardenolides, and newer research has yielded a number of interesting cancer active constituents. In addition, extracts of both plants have remarkable nematocidal, molluscidal and insecticidal activities. In many regions, the wood of Calotropis plants has been used as a building material and as a source of fuel. In addition, certain parts of the plants have been used as feed for livestock. In other regions, Calotropis plants are seen as invasive species that threaten local plant life and that due to their toxicity also pose a threat to grazing eld animals. Jaffar Khan | Pankaj Chasta | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis Procera" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45145.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45145/standardization-and-formulations-of-calotropis-procera/jaffar-khan
Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of ParalysisYogeshIJTSRD
Paralysis is a complete loss of motor power in any muscle group. When paralysis affects all four extremities, it is called quadriplegia when it affects only the lower extremities, paraplegia and when it affects the extremities on one side of the body, hemiplegic. For this reason, the term paralysis is generally reserved for more focal, less stereotyped weakness, for instance, affecting all the muscles innervated by a peripheral nerve. Many different anatomical lesions and etiologies can cause paralysis and determine its treatment. Bikash Debsingha | Dr. Gourav Kr. Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Paralysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45108.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacology-/45108/review-of-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-paralysis/bikash-debsingha
Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods A...YogeshIJTSRD
Cooling towers make use of evaporation whereby some of the water is evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently discharged into the atmosphere which results in cooling of the remainder water. The current research reviews various studies conducted on cooling tower using experimental and numerical techniques. Different design configuration and operating conditions on cooling towers are evaluated by various researchers. Significant findings from researches have shown new and improved design of cooling tower with much better performance as compared to conventional design. Neetish Kumar Sao | Dr. Surendra K. Dwivedi "Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45100.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/45100/comparative-analysis-of-forced-draft-cooling-tower-using-two-design-methods-a-review/neetish-kumar-sao
Criminology Educators Triumphs and StrugglesYogeshIJTSRD
This research study is geared on determining the triumphs and struggles of criminology educators. Included on the aim is to know their experiences and story being considered as teacher by accident. A qualitative research design was applied in this study. Researchers conducted a personal interview with the respondents with the aid of a guide questions which all points to main issue of this study. The findings of the study revealed that out of seven respondents, four are on the age bracket of 21 to 25 years old, two respondents are on the age bracket of 26 to 30 years old and a single respondent is on the age bracket of 36 to 40 years. Most of the respondents find enthusiasm in teaching and are aware that there is a need for them to proceed in post graduate studies for them to have a considerable salary. As to financial stability, only 1out of 7 considers herself as financially stable. The rest are saying that as of the moment, they are not yet financially stable basing on the rate of their salary. Qualification matters a lot in the field of academe because this was being shared by one of the respondents who considers herself as financially stable. Also, all of the respondents do not consider teaching as their first career of choice but most of them does not have any plan of shifting to another career. Girlie N. Cañete | Harry Santiago P. Achas | Pamela N. Cañete "Criminology Educators: Triumphs and Struggles" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45082.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/45082/criminology-educators-triumphs-and-struggles/girlie-n-cañete
A Review Herbal Drugs Used in Skin DisorderYogeshIJTSRD
The human bodys skin is an organ that allows it to interact with the environment while also shielding it from harmful external influences. People of all ages suffer from skin diseases all over the world. Its vital to keep your skin in good form for a healthy physique. Plants have been employed in some form or another since the beginning of time. This research has highlighted some prevalent skin disease issues, as well as the herbals utilized in disease therapy and the various formulations accessible in the pharmaceutical industry. Some medicinal plants have been shown to be quite effective in removing or reducing skin infection disorders. Chandramita Borah | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "A Review: Herbal Drugs Used in Skin Disorder" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45118.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45118/a-review-herbal-drugs-used-in-skin-disorder/chandramita-borah
Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectiv...YogeshIJTSRD
The aim of information retrieval systems is to retrieve relevant information according to the query provided. The queries are often vague and uncertain. Thus, to improve the system, we propose an Automatic Query Expansion technique, to expand the query by adding new terms to the user s initial query so as to minimize query mismatch and thereby improving retrieval performance. Most of the existing techniques for expanding queries do not take into account the degree of semantic relationship among words. In this paper, the query is expanded by exploring terms which are semantically similar to the initial query terms as well as considering the degree of relationship, that is, “fuzzy membership- between them. The terms which seemed most relevant are used in expanded query and improve the information retrieval process. The experiments conducted on the queries set show that the proposed Automatic query expansion approach gave a higher precision, recall, and F measure then non fuzzy edge weights. Tarun Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectivity Measures" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45074.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/45074/automatic-query-expansion-using-word-embedding-based-on-fuzzy-graph-connectivity-measures/tarun-goyal
A New Proposal for Smartphone Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System f...YogeshIJTSRD
This paper proposes a Smartphone based system for the detection of drowsiness in automotive drivers. The proposed system uses three stage drowsiness detection technique. The first stage uses the percentage of eyelid closure PERCLOS which is obtained by capturing images with the front camera of the Smartphone with a modified eye state classification method. The system uses near infrared lighting for illuminating the face of the driver during night driving. The second step uses the voiced to the unvoiced ratio VUR obtained from the speech data from the microphone, in the event PERCLOS crosses the threshold. The VUR is also compared with a threshold and if it is a value greater than that of the threshold, it moves on to the next verification stage. In the final verification stage, touch response is required within the stipulated time to declare whether the driver is drowsy or not and subsequently sound an alarm. To awake the driver, a vibrating mechanism is done and also the live GPS location is also sent to an emergency contact. We have studied eight other reference papers for the literature review. The system has three advantages over existing drowsiness detection systems. First, the three stage verification process makes the system more reliable. The second advantage is its implementation on an Android smart phone, which is readily available to most drivers or cab owners as compared to other general purpose embedded platforms. The third advantage is the use of SMS service to inform the control room as well as the passenger regarding the loss of attention of the driver. Abishek K Biju | Godwin Jolly | Asif Mohammed C A | Dr. Paul P Mathai | Derek Joseph "A New Proposal for Smartphone-Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System for Automotive Drivers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45083.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/45083/a-new-proposal-for-smartphonebased-drowsiness-detection-and-warning-system-for-automotive-drivers/abishek-k-biju
Data Security by AES Advanced Encryption StandardYogeshIJTSRD
Now a days with the rapid development of multimedia technologies, research on safety and security are becoming more important. Multimedia data are generated and transmitted through the communication channels and the wireless media. The efficiencies of encryption based on different existing algorithms are not up to the satisfactory limit. Hence researchers are trying to modify the existing algorithm or even develop new algorithms that help to increase security with a little encryption time. Here in this paper, we have furnished a new technology to modify the AES algorithm which gives more security with a little encryption time and which can be used to encrypt using 128 bit key. Theoretical analysis on the proposed algorithm with the existing reveals the novelty of our work. Here we have proposed a technique to randomize the key and hidden the key data into an encrypted digital image using the basics concept of cryptography and also using the concept of digital watermarking, the concept of key hide has also been encrypted. We have also proposed a new technique to reposition the pixels to break the correlation between them. So, the proposed scheme offers a more secure and cost effective mechanism for encryption. Next on the AES criteria list good performance. Widespread market adoption will require reasonably good performance on a variety of platforms, ranging from easy tocrack smart cards to the largest servers. Good algorithm performance includes speed for the encryption and decryption process as well as the key schedule. Prateek Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Data Security by AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45073.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/45073/data-security-by-aes-advanced-encryption-standard/prateek-goyal
Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus NiruriYogeshIJTSRD
Theorigin of Phyllanthus niruri is tropical America from there it spread as a weed to other tropic and sub tropics. It is a tropical annual herb shrub which grows as weed in moist humid waste land. Phyllanthus niruri is among more than 500 Phyllanthus species that are widely spread in temperate and tropical climates region Lizuka et al., 2007. It grows 30 40 cm in height, has small leaves and yellow flowers the stem has green capsule, and blooms with flowers with 5 white sepals and apical acute anther.38g of Mueller Hinton Agar was dissolved in 1000ml distilled water in a conical flask, the mouth of the conical flask was plugged with cotton woo wrapped in aluminium foil. This was sterilized in an autoclave at 121oC for 15mns. The media was removed and allowed to cool to 45oC, later poured into a sterilized plastic petri plates which were appropriately labeled. The present study revealed the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of phyllanthus niruri. The antimicrobial activity of phyllanthus niruri shows great significant against pathogens which are responsible for common infections of skin, respiratory, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. The phytochemical screening of oxalate, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, quinones, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and steroids were all found to be active within the plant. This bioactive phytochemicals present in P. niruri can be useful for further researches on the plant P. nururi since the phytochemicals have shown preclinical efficacies for treating human diseases’ which include hepatitis and HIV AIDS. This work has compiled the chemical constituents present and can be useful for further researches Dr. Mohammed Musa Lawan | Yusuf Sale Baba "Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus Niruri" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44948.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/44948/antimicrobial-and-phytochemical-screening-of-phyllantus-niruri/dr-mohammed-musa-lawan
There is a need for temperature drop in a buried pipeline based on the media and process. Need of some methodology and design requirement for a set of conditions by reducing pipeline surface temperature and the temperature drops to atmospheric temperature at a particular distance of pipeline. Based on the conduction principle, desire reduction up to atmospheric temperature can be possible. Let us understand by below methods and design of Heat sink for buried pipe line. Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Heat Sink for Underground Pipe Line" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45117.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45117/heat-sink-for-underground-pipe-line/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber Optic Cable CoreYogeshIJTSRD
Fiber optic cables have single core and multiple core options, but single and multiple core fiber cable -˜s core design need to be updated. Newly proposed design gives facilities to multiple usage than traditional design of cable core. Cable core design needs improvement by using present technology for decreasing material and cost and by improving efficiency of cable. Research need to be carried out in this direction. What do you think Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber-Optic Cable Core" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45116.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45116/newly-proposed-multi-channel-fiberoptic-cable-core/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and PoliceYogeshIJTSRD
The need to understand and at the same time give prescriptions for the direction of security reform in Third world countries after the end of World War II has prompted the emergence of a big project called the study of security reform SSR . Within this framework emerge various theories and strategies for security reform, with various variations, including ideological variations that underlie these theories. The reform of the structural aspect is a reform of the institutional and structure of an institution, the instrumental reform includes the reform of the system, laws and regulations, while the reform of the cultural aspect is a reform of the habits or organizational culture in institutions in general and in particular the Timor Leste’s security institutions, both military and police. Arquimino Ramos "Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and Police" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45061.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/45061/security-sector-reform-toward-professionalism-of-military-and-police/arquimino-ramos
Stress An Undetachable Condition of LifeYogeshIJTSRD
Stressful life events affects human body, which may lead to cardiovascular diseases and effect metabolism and immune system. Recent studies showed increase in stress levels in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the stress levels in MBBS students. The objectives of the study are a To determine the current stress level, b To assess relation between stress level and lifestyle of college students. The present study was carried out in Ahmedabad City of Gujarat State. A total of 400 medical students were included in the study, which were selected using multi stage sampling aged between 18 years to 25 years. Students were questioned regarding their socioeconomic and life style parameters. The results showed that physical activity such as walking, exercise, yoga, meditation etc. were associated to stress levels. College students showed high stress levels with more satisfaction were mostly smokers. Their major reason for eating junk food and smoking was, increase in stress. Conclusion Majority of students suffered from moderate stress levels. Despite of having stress they were happy and satisfied with life with less no internet addiction. Spirituality and stress scales had a positive correlation as most of the students were averagely highly spiritual. Discriminant function can be used to determine the stress level of a person using age, BMI, internet addiction, spirituality, happiness scale and life satisfaction scale of that person. Jayshree N. Tolani | Dr. Nitinkumar D. Shah "Stress: An Undetachable Condition of Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45054.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45054/stress-an-undetachable-condition-of-life/jayshree-n-tolani
Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians Lipid Profile and Antioxid...YogeshIJTSRD
The study sought to determine the extent to which the usage of social media in the marketing of agricultural products in South West Nigeria can enhance farmers turnover. It employed the survey research design to collect data with the help of a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents selected from six 6 south western states. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the use of social media WhatsApp and Facebook in marketing of agricultural products significantly enhances farmers turnover. The managerial implication is that use of Whatsapp and Facebook in the marketing of agricultural products for the enhancement of farmers’ turnover was found to have significant influence on the enhancement in farmers’ turnover from agricultural products. Policy makers in government should provide the enabling environment for the telecommunication companies to enhance their reach by installing their facilities across the length and breadth of the country so that the network coverage will be strong at all times so that the benefits of social media usage will not be constrained. Egejuru, Leonard O | Akubugwo, Emmanuel I | Ugorji, Beatrice N "Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians: Lipid Profile and Antioxidants Vitamins (A and C)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/45021/comparative-studies-of-diabetes-in-adult-nigerians-lipid-profile-and-antioxidants-vitamins-a-and-c/egejuru-leonard-o
To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid 19 Patients after Having Vac...YogeshIJTSRD
The severity and mortality of COVID 19 cases has been associated with the Three category such as vaccination status, severity of disease and outcome. Objective presently study was aimed to assess the severity and mortality among covid 19 patients. Methods Using simple lottery random method 100 samples were selected. From these 100 patients, 50 patients were randomly assigned to case group and 50 patients in control group after informed consents of relative obtained. Patients in the case group who being died after got COVID 19 whereas 50 patients in the control group participated who were survive after got infected from COVID 19 patients. Result It has three categories such as a Vaccination status For the vaccination status we have seen 59 patients were not vaccinated and 41 patients was vaccinated out of 100. b Incidence There were 41 patients were vaccinated whereas 59 patients were not vaccinated. c Severity In the case of mortality we selected 50 patients who were died from the Corona and I got to know that out of 50 patients there were 12 24 patients were vaccinated whereas 38 76 patients were non vaccinated. Although for the 50 control survival group total 29 58 patients were vaccinated and 21 42 patients was not vaccinated all graph start. Conclusion we have find out that those people who got vaccinated were less infected and mortality rate very low. Prof. (Dr) Binod Kumar Singh | Dr. Saroj Kumar | Ms. Anuradha Sharma "To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid-19 Patients after Having Vaccinated: A Retrospective Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45065.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45065/to-assess-the-severity-and-mortality-among-covid19-patients-after-having-vaccinated-a-retrospective-study/prof-dr-binod-kumar-singh
Novel Drug Delivery System An OverviewYogeshIJTSRD
In present scenario evolution of an existing drug molecule from a old form to a novel delivery system can significantly improve its performance in terms of patient compliance, safety and efficacy. In the form of a control drug delivery system an existing drug molecule can get a new life. An appropriately designed Novel Drug Delivery System can be a major advance for solving the problems related towards the release of the drug at specific site with specific rate. The porpuse for delivering drugs to patients efficiently and with fewer side effects has prompted pharmaceutical companies to engage in the development of new drug delivery system. This article covers the basic information regarding Novel Drug Delivery Systems and also advantages, factor etc. Chiranjit Barman | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Novel Drug Delivery System: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45068.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/novel-drug-delivery-sys/45068/novel-drug-delivery-system-an-overview/chiranjit-barman
With the growth of technology their grows threat to our data which is just secured by passwords so to make it more secure biometrics came into existence. As biometric systems are adopted and accepted for security purpose for various information and security systems. Hence it is immune to attacks. This paper deals with the security of biometric details of individuals. In this paper we will be discussing about biometrics and its types and the threats and security issues which is not talked about usually. The different technologies evolved and had contributed to biometrics in long run and their effects. Sushmita Raulo | Saurabh Gawade "Security Issues Related to Biometrics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44951.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/44951/security-issues-related-to-biometrics/sushmita-raulo
Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initi...YogeshIJTSRD
A mathematical equation which involves a function and its derivatives is called a differential equation. We consider a real life situation, from this form a mathematical model, solve that model using some mathematical concepts and take interpretation of solution. It is a well known and popular concept in mathematics because of its massive application in real world problems. Differential equations are one of the most important mathematical tools used in modeling problems in Physics, Biology, Economics, Chemistry, Engineering and medical Sciences. Differential equation can describe many situations viz exponential growth and de cay, the population growth of species, the change in investment return over time. We can solve differential equations using classical as well as numerical methods, In this paper we compare numerical methods of solving initial valued first order ordinary differential equations namely Euler method, Improved Euler method, Runge Kutta method and their accuracy level. We use here Scilab Software to obtain direct solution for these methods. Vibahvari Tukaram Dhokrat "Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initial Value Problems in First Order Ordinary Differential Equations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45066.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathematics/45066/comparative-analysis-of-different-numerical-methods-for-the-solution-of-initial-value-problems-in-first-order-ordinary-differential-equations/vibahvari-tukaram-dhokrat
Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing ContentYogeshIJTSRD
Bituminous mixes are most commonly used all over the world in flexible pavement construction. It consists of asphalt or bitumen used as a binder and mineral aggregate which are mixed together, laid down in layers and then compacted. Under normal circumstances, conventional bituminous pavements if designed and executed properly perform quite satisfactorily but the performance of bituminous mixes is very poor under various situations. Today’s asphaltic concrete pavements are expected to perform better as they are experiencing increased volume of traffic, increased loads and increased variations in daily or seasonal temperature over what has been experienced in the past. In addition, the performance of bituminous pavements is found to be very poor in moisture induced situations. Considering this a lot of work has been done on use of additives in bituminous mixtures and as well as on modification of bitumen. Research has indicated that the addition of polymers to asphalt binders helps to increase the interfacial cohesiveness of the bond between the aggregate and the binder which can enhance many properties of the asphalt pavements to help meet these increased demands. However, the additive that is to be used for modification of mix or binder should satisfy both the strength requirements as well as economical aspects. Naveen Kumar | Ms. Shivani "Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing Content" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45089.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/45089/evaluation-of-different-paving-mixes-using-optimum-stabilizing-content/naveen-kumar
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
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In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38711 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 3 | March-April 2021 Page 115
the education system and to equalize the educational
opportunities for all. This has brought a tremendous change
in the system of education in India but there lie some flaws
in the NPE 1986 which had been overcome with the
introduction of Plan of Action (1992). Although all these
policies mean to deal with some specific purpose research
and development had been given dueimportancebutamong
all the horizon of research and development had been
limited to professional or higher education. Although these
policies proved to be a great success rapid advancements in
technological society require more development in the field
of education.
CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF RECOMMENDATIONS
The NEP 2020 has given muchemphasis onthedevelopment
of quality and quantity of research in India. With a mention
of the status of Indian research activities, the draft outlined
the major obstacles in research activities.Inordertoremove
these obstacles, the draft envisionedtoenhancetheresearch
activities in-country to develop it as a sustaining vibrant
economy.
Analyzing the societal challenges the policy mentioned for
the need for interdisciplinary research activities in the
country which has not been given much emphasis to date. It
also mentions the critical role ofgovernment roleto enhance
the research activities for economic growth.
Recommendation fortheestablishmentofNational Research
Foundation is to enhance the research activities through
funding and mentoring research activities. This is a great
initiative in the field of research as due to lack of proper
funding facilities major research activities are not taken up
which could have been resulted in great interest of the
nation. Further, it mentions that various funding agencies
which had been working since before will continue to work
as before this will enhance the opportunities to take
research activities.
It focused on the funding of the research proposal with
rigorous peer review. In order to ensure the quality check of
the research, this is another great step taken, as through
peer review the research proposals will be thoroughly
analyzed on the aspect of quality enhancement. It also
ensures that the property right of the research will be
secured to the researcher only.
In the next part of this, the policy aimed to build research
capacity among all universities and colleges all over the
country with special emphasis on state universities.Inorder
to achieve this, the draft recommended for appointing a
research mentor at all universities in order to enhance the
research activities in research activities. If implemented as
mentioned this will be of great benefit to those universities
where the research activities are not been taken due to lack
of proper capacity.
In emphasizes on establishing the beneficial linkages among
government, industry, and researchers for fund allocation,
quality research in the better interest of the nation. In order
to bring out the better development through researches of
interest for the nation, the draft recommends for the
reestablishment of nonfunctional research cell under
government ministries. Establishing linkages between
industry and research will result in research activities which
will help to find out the thrust areas of thesocietal needs and
will also help to draw the new innovative techniques for
better development and production. The links with the
government will help to understand the prevailing societal
needs and will further help in formulating policies and
programs.
In the last section of this, in order to encourage the quality
research activities in the better interest of the nation, the
draft recommends for the awards for outstanding
researches. It is also recommends for organizing seminars
and lectures on the issues of national interest. This will
encourage the scholars to get into the issues addressed at
lectures and to take up the research on the same. Through
this, the research activities willbemoreinclinedtowards the
national interest.
Through all recommendations, the NEP 2020 had made a
great effort to enhance the research activities both in
qualitative and quantitative forms. All aspects of research
activities are given due emphasis. Although there are many
positive recommendations are given for enhancement of
research activities at different level catering to the major
problems of research.
As it rightly said that every coin has two sides describing
that nothing in this World is truly perfect. Everything in this
World has some positive as well as some negative aspects.
Same is with NEP 2020 along with the many positiveaspects
it also has some negative aspects too.
Here, with many elaborative talks the draft while bringing
attention towards pervading the culture of research and
innovation through the establishment of NRF. The draft
envisioned for a comprehensive approach to enhance the
quality of research in the country starting from the grass-
root level (i.e.) from schools through definitive shifts in
school curricula but draft lack in recommendations to
enhance the research activities at school rather the major
focus of research activities is at the higher education level.
If liberal arts are truly a pursuit for the policy, then the
National Research Foundation (NRF) is an issue of great
concern. Although its purpose is to fund higher education
research potential, it does so in the framework of giving
preference to the research with respect to streamlining the
research funding processes. The policy does not seem to
acknowledge the independence of critical research as a vital
requisite. In an environment that actively curbs dissent in
universities, any critical research which may not cater to
current market needs, fit intothesociallyacceptedhierarchy
or counter political dispensationwillundoubtedlysufferand
be side-lined. Further, the autonomy ofstateHEIs toconduct
their research will be curtailed, which is against the federal
nature of the Indian Union. Such biases and threats
necessitate that there should be no central body (such as
NRF) for directing research.
The policy recommends setting up of a National Research
Foundation (NRF) to oversee all kinds of research work
undertaken in Indian universities. The NRF shall fund and
monitor grants proposals across all disciplines and all
institutions in India. However,itdoesn’tdescribehowgrants
will be allocated. While discussing abouttheallocationofthe
funds the NEP recommends that along with NRF other
funding agencies such as DST, DAE, DBT, ICAR, ICMR, UGC
and various private and philanthropic organizations, will
continue to fund researchactivities independently according
to their priorities and needs. The language used in thepolicy
to describe the mandate of NRF raises a few concerns
specifically lays down that the NRF shall prioritize areas of
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD38711 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 3 | March-April 2021 Page 116
research that are of “urgent national issues” (point17.11.b.).
It also describes that NRF will act as bridge between
researchers and government and industry to make them
aware about the urgent needs of country, this again limits
the scope of “outstanding research”becausedelimiting areas
of research activities can only lead to a purposeful research
not outstanding research. The policy repeatedly used
“Recognize outstanding research and progress achieved via
NRF funding/mentoring across subjects,” this limits the
scope of outstanding research works as here already
mentioned with special reference to funding through NRF,
hence no importance is given to extensiveresearchactivities
taken under various national organizations.. This presented
the dual status of government on budget allocation for
research activities.
CONCLUSION
National Educational Policy 2020 is the step ahead to
strengthen the education system of the country. This policy
supposed to bring a tremendous change in whole education
system. Recommendations made in draft concerned with
every aspect of education system. Although the
recommendations of draft seems to be of great importance
leading towards economic growth of the country but major
recommendations lacking in firm background. In context of
research, formulation of National Research foundation will
surely be a milestone in field of research.Althoughthepolicy
focused on divergent aspects to enhance the research
activities in while some of the recommendations are like
castle in air.NEP is a subject of nation which will affect each
and every individual in the country, therefore the
government should understand the ground realities before
making statements. Some of the subjects need revisionwhile
some need addition. As research is a very broad subject with
no boundaries, confining its scope will not lead to true
growth of the country.
REFERENCES
[1] Jain, Radhika. "Thought Leaders of Education in
India", Education Beats Story of Education of India
October 1, 2015
[2] Why Education Is the Key To Development
BørgeBrende-
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/07/why-
education-is-the-key-to-development/
[3] Arun Mehta -
https://www.educationforallinindia.com/page49.htm
l
[4] Research and Development
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_and_develop
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[5] What Is Research and Development (r&d)?Definition
and Meaning
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/resea
rch-and-development-R-D.html
[6] Educational Research and DevelopmenLoussier -
https://www.slideshare.net/ItachiHimikoLoussier/e
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[7] What Is Education? A Definition and Discussion
http://infed.org/mobi/what-is-education-a-
definition-and-discussion/
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http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/education/educa
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[9] Draft National Education Policy Needs to Relook, Say
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[10] The Draft Nep Has a Gender Strategy, but It's an
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draft-nep-has-a-gender-strategy-but-it-s-an-
incomplete-one/story-
BzJETdmz1V6uaMiiAt64HO.html
[11] National Education Policy on Education (1968)
https://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/d
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[12] https://www.ukessays.com/essays/philosophy/the-
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philosophy-essay.php