CRISPR/cas9
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The CRISPR/Cas system is a prokaryotic immune system that confers resistance to foreign genetic elements which has been first introduced by Jennifer Doudna. Here is the review of the CRISPR system principal and applications.
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Crispr cas9
Genome engineering uses programmable nucleases like CRISPR-Cas9 to make targeted modifications to DNA. CRISPR-Cas9 is an adaptive immune system in bacteria that uses Cas9, an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease, to cleave DNA when guided by CRISPR RNA (crRNA). The Cas9 protein uses crRNA and trans-activating CRISPR RNA (tracrRNA) to induce double-strand breaks in DNA matching the crRNA sequence. CRISPR-Cas9 allows for efficient, precise genome editing and has applications in gene therapy, agriculture, and research.
CRISPR
This document provides an overview of genome engineering techniques from older methods to newer CRISPR/Cas9 technology. It discusses how genes can be transferred between organisms using vectors like plasmids or viruses. Older techniques like ZFN and TALEN cut DNA at specific sites, while CRISPR/Cas9 uses a Cas9 enzyme guided by CRISPR RNA to make precise cuts. Delivery methods for Cas9 include plasmids, mRNA, and RNP complexes. Viral vectors like AAV are commonly used but have limits. Physical methods also deliver Cas9 via nanoparticles or peptides.
Genome editing in Plants with crispr/cas9
This document discusses using the CRISPR-Cas9 system to engineer plant genomes for disease resistance. It describes how CRISPR-Cas9 uses RNA-guided nucleases to introduce targeted double-strand breaks, which can then be repaired through non-homologous end joining or homology-directed repair. This allows for knocking out or editing genes. The document outlines different components of the CRISPR-Cas9 system and various methods for delivering it to plant cells and tissues to modify plant genomes.
Crispr cas9
The document provides an introduction to the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique. It discusses that CRISPR/Cas9 uses guide RNAs to direct the Cas9 nuclease to cut DNA at specific locations, and this double strand break can be repaired through nonhomologous end joining or homology directed repair to knock out or knock in genes. It also explains that CRISPR/Cas9 is more efficient, less expensive, and easier to use than previous genome editing techniques like ZFNs and TALENs. The document outlines several applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in biomedical research areas such as immunology, stem cell research, and generating transgenic animals.
CRISPR-Cas system
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a family of DNA sequences found within the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea. These sequences are derived from DNA fragments of bacteriophages that have previously infected the prokaryote and are used to detect and destroy DNA from similar phages during subsequent infections. Hence these sequences play a key role in the antiviral defense system of prokaryotes.
Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) is an enzyme that uses CRISPR sequences as a guide to recognize and cleave specific strands of DNA that are complementary to the CRISPR sequence. Cas9 enzymes together with CRISPR sequences form the basis of a technology known as CRISPR-Cas9 that can be used to edit genes within organisms.This editing process has a wide variety of applications including basic biological research, development of biotechnology products, and treatment of diseases.
The CRISPR-Cas system is a prokaryotic immune system that confers resistance to foreign genetic elements such as those present within plasmids and phages that provides a form of acquired immunity. RNA harboring the spacer sequence helps Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins recognize and cut foreign pathogenic DNA. Other RNA-guided Cas proteins cut foreign RNA. CRISPR are found in approximately 50% of sequenced bacterial genomes and nearly 90% of sequenced archaea.
PRINCIPLE OF CRISPR GENOME EDITING
Genome editing with the CRISPR-Cas9 system has become one of the major tools in modern biotechnology. This slide share discusses the fundamentals in a simple, easy to understand format.
The Efficiency and Ethics of the CRISPR System in Human Embryos
This document summarizes research on the CRISPR/Cas9 system for genome editing in human embryos. It discusses efforts to understand DNA repair mechanisms after inducing double-strand breaks, reduce off-target mutations, and improve the specificity and efficiency of editing. While the technology shows promise, significant issues around off-target effects, mosaicism, and ethical concerns must still be addressed before any clinical applications. The document concludes that further basic research is needed to advance the field while also having open discussions on societal implications.
CRISPR Cas9
Introduction to CRISPR Cas9 technology. View in slide show after downloading for better viewing. Description is minimal, but it will be worth going through the slides that are full of pictures, if you have a minimal understanding of CRISPR.
Prepared in Oct 2015
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Crispr cas9
Genome engineering uses programmable nucleases like CRISPR-Cas9 to make targeted modifications to DNA. CRISPR-Cas9 is an adaptive immune system in bacteria that uses Cas9, an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease, to cleave DNA when guided by CRISPR RNA (crRNA). The Cas9 protein uses crRNA and trans-activating CRISPR RNA (tracrRNA) to induce double-strand breaks in DNA matching the crRNA sequence. CRISPR-Cas9 allows for efficient, precise genome editing and has applications in gene therapy, agriculture, and research.
CRISPR
This document provides an overview of genome engineering techniques from older methods to newer CRISPR/Cas9 technology. It discusses how genes can be transferred between organisms using vectors like plasmids or viruses. Older techniques like ZFN and TALEN cut DNA at specific sites, while CRISPR/Cas9 uses a Cas9 enzyme guided by CRISPR RNA to make precise cuts. Delivery methods for Cas9 include plasmids, mRNA, and RNP complexes. Viral vectors like AAV are commonly used but have limits. Physical methods also deliver Cas9 via nanoparticles or peptides.
Genome editing in Plants with crispr/cas9
This document discusses using the CRISPR-Cas9 system to engineer plant genomes for disease resistance. It describes how CRISPR-Cas9 uses RNA-guided nucleases to introduce targeted double-strand breaks, which can then be repaired through non-homologous end joining or homology-directed repair. This allows for knocking out or editing genes. The document outlines different components of the CRISPR-Cas9 system and various methods for delivering it to plant cells and tissues to modify plant genomes.
Crispr cas9
The document provides an introduction to the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique. It discusses that CRISPR/Cas9 uses guide RNAs to direct the Cas9 nuclease to cut DNA at specific locations, and this double strand break can be repaired through nonhomologous end joining or homology directed repair to knock out or knock in genes. It also explains that CRISPR/Cas9 is more efficient, less expensive, and easier to use than previous genome editing techniques like ZFNs and TALENs. The document outlines several applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in biomedical research areas such as immunology, stem cell research, and generating transgenic animals.
CRISPR-Cas system
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a family of DNA sequences found within the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea. These sequences are derived from DNA fragments of bacteriophages that have previously infected the prokaryote and are used to detect and destroy DNA from similar phages during subsequent infections. Hence these sequences play a key role in the antiviral defense system of prokaryotes.
Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) is an enzyme that uses CRISPR sequences as a guide to recognize and cleave specific strands of DNA that are complementary to the CRISPR sequence. Cas9 enzymes together with CRISPR sequences form the basis of a technology known as CRISPR-Cas9 that can be used to edit genes within organisms.This editing process has a wide variety of applications including basic biological research, development of biotechnology products, and treatment of diseases.
The CRISPR-Cas system is a prokaryotic immune system that confers resistance to foreign genetic elements such as those present within plasmids and phages that provides a form of acquired immunity. RNA harboring the spacer sequence helps Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins recognize and cut foreign pathogenic DNA. Other RNA-guided Cas proteins cut foreign RNA. CRISPR are found in approximately 50% of sequenced bacterial genomes and nearly 90% of sequenced archaea.
PRINCIPLE OF CRISPR GENOME EDITING
Genome editing with the CRISPR-Cas9 system has become one of the major tools in modern biotechnology. This slide share discusses the fundamentals in a simple, easy to understand format.
The Efficiency and Ethics of the CRISPR System in Human Embryos
This document summarizes research on the CRISPR/Cas9 system for genome editing in human embryos. It discusses efforts to understand DNA repair mechanisms after inducing double-strand breaks, reduce off-target mutations, and improve the specificity and efficiency of editing. While the technology shows promise, significant issues around off-target effects, mosaicism, and ethical concerns must still be addressed before any clinical applications. The document concludes that further basic research is needed to advance the field while also having open discussions on societal implications.
CRISPR Cas9
Introduction to CRISPR Cas9 technology. View in slide show after downloading for better viewing. Description is minimal, but it will be worth going through the slides that are full of pictures, if you have a minimal understanding of CRISPR.
Prepared in Oct 2015
crispr cas9 knockout
CRISPR/Cas9 system consists of a “guide” RNA (gRNA) and a bacterial CRISPR-associated endonuclease (Cas9). The gRNA is a short synthetic RNA composed of a Cas9-binding “scaffold” sequence and ∼20 nucleotide “targeting” sequence that defines the target genomic site to be modified.
https://www.creative-biogene.com/Services/Stable-cell-line-generation/Custom-Genome-Editing-Cell-Lines.html
CRISPR Cas 9 TECHNOLOGY
CRISPR Cas9 is a genome editing technology that allows genetic material to be added, removed, or altered from a genome. It originated as a bacterial immune system but can now be directed to make precise edits to DNA. The technology has wide applications for gene therapy, agriculture, research, and more, but also raises ethical concerns if misused. CRISPR offers promising possibilities but also challenges that must be addressed regarding safety, accuracy, and societal effects.
crispr cas 9
CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene editing technology that uses the bacterial immune system to cut DNA at specific locations. It allows researchers to understand, characterize, and control DNA. CRISPR-Cas9 uses an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease enzyme called Cas9 that is directed by guide RNA to cleave target DNA. It has numerous applications including modifying genes in plants and animals, developing disease resistant crops, and potentially curing genetic diseases in humans by precisely editing genes. While revolutionary, it also raises ethical concerns that must be considered and addressed.
Crispr cas9 and applications of the technology
The most talked about gene editing tool- CRISPR Cas9 and its applications in all the possible spheres of science and research is talked about in brief in this presentation.
1.4 av
This document discusses gene editing applications using CRISPR-Cas9, including in gametes and embryos. It provides background on the development of CRISPR-Cas9 as a gene editing tool. Genome editing has been applied to male and female germ cells in animal models and research embryos to correct genetic mutations. However, human embryo genome editing faces limitations such as mosaicism and off-target effects. While genome editing holds promise for treating genetic diseases, more research is needed to improve specificity and fidelity before clinical applications.
CRISPR
The document summarizes key aspects of CRISPR genome editing technology. It describes how CRISPR uses Cas9 and guide RNA to precisely target and edit DNA sequences. It provides a brief history of CRISPR discovery and outlines its components and mechanism of action. The document also discusses several medical applications of CRISPR including treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy, beta-thalassemia, and testing for viruses. It concludes that CRISPR is a flexible and accurate gene editing tool being explored for various applications in agriculture, biotechnology, and medicine.
Crispr cas9 and mouse models
CRISPR/Cas9 PlatformCB provides a knockin mice generation service, including point mutation mice, ROSA26 knockin mice, custom knockin mice and conditional knockin mice.
https://www.creative-biogene.com/crispr-cas9/knockin-mouse-generation.html
Genome Editing Techniques by Kainat Ramzan
Genome technology has revolutionized biological science through techniques of Gene Editing in order to edit any organism's genome.MegNs and zinc-finger nucleases are commonly understood to be used, as is the effector's transcriptional activator-like nucleases. In CRISPR/Cas9, genetic alterations, and gene functionality have become a well-known tool for understanding gene targeting.
Ppt of genome editing
This is a small presentation on Genome editing process. all techniques are described in short. Hope u all will like it.
Crispr
CRISPR is a bacterial adaptive immune system that provides immunity against viruses. It has been adapted for genome editing using Cas9 nuclease guided by a synthetic single guide RNA. The Cas9-guide RNA complex binds target DNA and makes a double-strand break, which can be repaired by non-homologous end joining to disrupt a gene or by homology-directed repair with a donor template to edit the genome. This powerful new technology allows various genome editing applications such as gene knockouts, insertions, corrections, and regulation of gene expression.
Crispr
This document provides an overview of CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) technology. It discusses how CRISPR is an adaptive immune system in bacteria that allows them to recognize and destroy phages. The CRISPR-Cas9 system in particular allows for genome engineering by using the Cas9 enzyme guided by CRISPR sequences to cleave specific DNA strands. The document then goes into more detail about the mechanisms of CRISPR in bacteria, including adaptation, expression and interference phases. It also discusses the different types of CRISPR systems and their characteristics.
Crispar
This document provides an overview of the CRISPR-Cas immune system in bacteria and its applications. It discusses:
1. The history and components of the CRISPR-Cas system, including Cas proteins, CRISPR RNA, and protospacer adjacent motifs.
2. The three main types of CRISPR-Cas systems and their mechanisms of targeting DNA or RNA.
3. How engineered versions of Cas9 can be used for targeted genome editing and modulation of gene expression in mammalian cells.
4. Applications of CRISPR-Cas in microbiology such as genetic engineering of bacteria, gene repression/activation using deactivated Cas9, and developing sequence-specific antimicrobials.
Crispr
The presentation discusses CRISPR/Cas9, a technology that uses a molecular scissor called Cas9 and guide RNA to selectively edit genome sequences. It can disable or change gene sequences and is used in gene therapy to treat cancer and inherited disorders. CRISPR/Cas9 works by creating double-strand breaks in DNA at targeted locations guided by the RNA, and the breaks can then be repaired through non-homologous end joining or homologous direct repair with or without introducing new genetic material. The technology provides a simple and effective way to edit genes and is useful for genetic therapeutics, medicine, and cell and molecular research.
CRISPR-CAS System: From Adaptive Immunity To Genome editing
The document summarizes the CRISPR-Cas system, beginning with what CRISPR refers to as patterns of DNA sequences found in bacterial genomes. It describes the three stages of adaptive immunity in CRISPR-Cas systems: insertion of invading DNA as a spacer, transcription of precursor CRISPR RNA which is processed into individual CRISPR RNAs targeting the invader, and Cas protein-directed cleavage of foreign nucleic acid guided by the CRISPR RNA. Applications of CRISPR-Cas systems discussed include genome editing, gene regulation through catalytically inactive Cas9 fusion proteins, cargo delivery by fusing Cas9 to other proteins, and RNA cleavage by Type III CRISPR-Cas systems.
Crispr cas9 based system for therapeutics
This document discusses the CRISPR-Cas9 system for genome editing and its applications. It provides a brief history of CRISPR's discovery and development as a tool. CRISPR-Cas9 uses CRISPR sequences and Cas9 nuclease to precisely target and edit DNA. The document outlines the basic components and mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas9, as well as its current applications in cancer immunotherapy, inhibiting angiogenesis, and correcting genetic disorders.
Crispr technique
Genome editing uses engineered nucleases to insert, delete, or replace sections of the genome. CRISPR/Cas9 is a popular genome editing technique that uses guide RNA to direct nucleases to specific DNA sequences. While promising for treating disease, human germline editing raises ethical concerns. Early studies editing human embryos and non-viable embryos demonstrated proof-of-concept but had low efficiencies and off-target mutations. Later studies improved targeting and showed potential for correcting genetic defects. However, regulation is needed as the first claimed use of CRISPR to genetically edit human babies was unapproved.
Crisper Cas system
It is very fast and new technique for detection and degradation of viral DNA and it is so helpful for us to understand how to degraded viral DNA... what type of function naturally present in bacteria........ so its very excellent technique
CRISPR cas system
CRISPR-Cas systems provide bacteria with acquired immunity against viruses and plasmids. CRISPR loci contain repeating sequences separated by unique spacer sequences that are derived from invading genetic elements. Cas proteins process CRISPR RNA transcripts from the loci into small CRISPR RNAs that guide the degradation of invading nucleic acids based on sequence complementarity. This three-stage CRISPR-Cas immune response of adaptation, expression, and interference integrates new spacers and uses CRISPR RNAs to target matching foreign genetic elements. CRISPR-Cas systems are found in many bacteria and archaea and can be exploited for applications like bacterial typing, evolution studies, and generating phage resistance.
CRISPR-Cas systems and applications
i explained about basics of genome engineering and crispr system.
CRISPR will change the world and it is just the beginning, are you ready to meet the future? you think its great and beautiful or.....?
please give your feedback to my email
pooyanaghshbandi@yahoo.com
i am starting to write a critical and fantastic review article about CRISPR, if you are interested to join please contact me.
CRISPR/CAS9- THE GENE EDITING TOOL
The document provides an overview of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. It discusses the history and components of the CRISPR system, how it works, applications in various fields like microbiology, biomedicine, agriculture, and therapeutics. Recent advances expand its use for transcriptional regulation, epigenetic editing, and live imaging. While powerful, it faces challenges like off-target effects that require further research to optimize its safe and ethical application.
Crispr cas9 ( a overview)
this slide provides an insight on newly emerging genome editing technique CRISPR Cas9 mechanism and applications.
Crispr/Cas 9
CRISPR/Cas9 is a genome editing technique that allows for highly specific modification of DNA. It involves a Cas9 protein guiding a customized RNA to a target location in the genome to cut DNA. Scientists adapted the natural CRISPR immune system found in bacteria for genome editing. CRISPR/Cas9 holds promise for treating genetic diseases and developing crops but also raises ethical concerns when applied to human germline cells due to heritable effects. Researchers continue improving targeting specificity and developing new Cas proteins for additional applications in genome editing and gene regulation.
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CRISPR/Cas9 system consists of a “guide” RNA (gRNA) and a bacterial CRISPR-associated endonuclease (Cas9). The gRNA is a short synthetic RNA composed of a Cas9-binding “scaffold” sequence and ∼20 nucleotide “targeting” sequence that defines the target genomic site to be modified.
https://www.creative-biogene.com/Services/Stable-cell-line-generation/Custom-Genome-Editing-Cell-Lines.html
CRISPR Cas 9 TECHNOLOGY
CRISPR Cas9 is a genome editing technology that allows genetic material to be added, removed, or altered from a genome. It originated as a bacterial immune system but can now be directed to make precise edits to DNA. The technology has wide applications for gene therapy, agriculture, research, and more, but also raises ethical concerns if misused. CRISPR offers promising possibilities but also challenges that must be addressed regarding safety, accuracy, and societal effects.
crispr cas 9
CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene editing technology that uses the bacterial immune system to cut DNA at specific locations. It allows researchers to understand, characterize, and control DNA. CRISPR-Cas9 uses an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease enzyme called Cas9 that is directed by guide RNA to cleave target DNA. It has numerous applications including modifying genes in plants and animals, developing disease resistant crops, and potentially curing genetic diseases in humans by precisely editing genes. While revolutionary, it also raises ethical concerns that must be considered and addressed.
Crispr cas9 and applications of the technology
The most talked about gene editing tool- CRISPR Cas9 and its applications in all the possible spheres of science and research is talked about in brief in this presentation.
1.4 av
This document discusses gene editing applications using CRISPR-Cas9, including in gametes and embryos. It provides background on the development of CRISPR-Cas9 as a gene editing tool. Genome editing has been applied to male and female germ cells in animal models and research embryos to correct genetic mutations. However, human embryo genome editing faces limitations such as mosaicism and off-target effects. While genome editing holds promise for treating genetic diseases, more research is needed to improve specificity and fidelity before clinical applications.
CRISPR
The document summarizes key aspects of CRISPR genome editing technology. It describes how CRISPR uses Cas9 and guide RNA to precisely target and edit DNA sequences. It provides a brief history of CRISPR discovery and outlines its components and mechanism of action. The document also discusses several medical applications of CRISPR including treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy, beta-thalassemia, and testing for viruses. It concludes that CRISPR is a flexible and accurate gene editing tool being explored for various applications in agriculture, biotechnology, and medicine.
Crispr cas9 and mouse models
CRISPR/Cas9 PlatformCB provides a knockin mice generation service, including point mutation mice, ROSA26 knockin mice, custom knockin mice and conditional knockin mice.
https://www.creative-biogene.com/crispr-cas9/knockin-mouse-generation.html
Genome Editing Techniques by Kainat Ramzan
Genome technology has revolutionized biological science through techniques of Gene Editing in order to edit any organism's genome.MegNs and zinc-finger nucleases are commonly understood to be used, as is the effector's transcriptional activator-like nucleases. In CRISPR/Cas9, genetic alterations, and gene functionality have become a well-known tool for understanding gene targeting.
Ppt of genome editing
This is a small presentation on Genome editing process. all techniques are described in short. Hope u all will like it.
Crispr
CRISPR is a bacterial adaptive immune system that provides immunity against viruses. It has been adapted for genome editing using Cas9 nuclease guided by a synthetic single guide RNA. The Cas9-guide RNA complex binds target DNA and makes a double-strand break, which can be repaired by non-homologous end joining to disrupt a gene or by homology-directed repair with a donor template to edit the genome. This powerful new technology allows various genome editing applications such as gene knockouts, insertions, corrections, and regulation of gene expression.
Crispr
This document provides an overview of CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) technology. It discusses how CRISPR is an adaptive immune system in bacteria that allows them to recognize and destroy phages. The CRISPR-Cas9 system in particular allows for genome engineering by using the Cas9 enzyme guided by CRISPR sequences to cleave specific DNA strands. The document then goes into more detail about the mechanisms of CRISPR in bacteria, including adaptation, expression and interference phases. It also discusses the different types of CRISPR systems and their characteristics.
Crispar
This document provides an overview of the CRISPR-Cas immune system in bacteria and its applications. It discusses:
1. The history and components of the CRISPR-Cas system, including Cas proteins, CRISPR RNA, and protospacer adjacent motifs.
2. The three main types of CRISPR-Cas systems and their mechanisms of targeting DNA or RNA.
3. How engineered versions of Cas9 can be used for targeted genome editing and modulation of gene expression in mammalian cells.
4. Applications of CRISPR-Cas in microbiology such as genetic engineering of bacteria, gene repression/activation using deactivated Cas9, and developing sequence-specific antimicrobials.
Crispr
The presentation discusses CRISPR/Cas9, a technology that uses a molecular scissor called Cas9 and guide RNA to selectively edit genome sequences. It can disable or change gene sequences and is used in gene therapy to treat cancer and inherited disorders. CRISPR/Cas9 works by creating double-strand breaks in DNA at targeted locations guided by the RNA, and the breaks can then be repaired through non-homologous end joining or homologous direct repair with or without introducing new genetic material. The technology provides a simple and effective way to edit genes and is useful for genetic therapeutics, medicine, and cell and molecular research.
CRISPR-CAS System: From Adaptive Immunity To Genome editing
The document summarizes the CRISPR-Cas system, beginning with what CRISPR refers to as patterns of DNA sequences found in bacterial genomes. It describes the three stages of adaptive immunity in CRISPR-Cas systems: insertion of invading DNA as a spacer, transcription of precursor CRISPR RNA which is processed into individual CRISPR RNAs targeting the invader, and Cas protein-directed cleavage of foreign nucleic acid guided by the CRISPR RNA. Applications of CRISPR-Cas systems discussed include genome editing, gene regulation through catalytically inactive Cas9 fusion proteins, cargo delivery by fusing Cas9 to other proteins, and RNA cleavage by Type III CRISPR-Cas systems.
Crispr cas9 based system for therapeutics
This document discusses the CRISPR-Cas9 system for genome editing and its applications. It provides a brief history of CRISPR's discovery and development as a tool. CRISPR-Cas9 uses CRISPR sequences and Cas9 nuclease to precisely target and edit DNA. The document outlines the basic components and mechanisms of CRISPR-Cas9, as well as its current applications in cancer immunotherapy, inhibiting angiogenesis, and correcting genetic disorders.
Crispr technique
Genome editing uses engineered nucleases to insert, delete, or replace sections of the genome. CRISPR/Cas9 is a popular genome editing technique that uses guide RNA to direct nucleases to specific DNA sequences. While promising for treating disease, human germline editing raises ethical concerns. Early studies editing human embryos and non-viable embryos demonstrated proof-of-concept but had low efficiencies and off-target mutations. Later studies improved targeting and showed potential for correcting genetic defects. However, regulation is needed as the first claimed use of CRISPR to genetically edit human babies was unapproved.
Crisper Cas system
It is very fast and new technique for detection and degradation of viral DNA and it is so helpful for us to understand how to degraded viral DNA... what type of function naturally present in bacteria........ so its very excellent technique
CRISPR cas system
CRISPR-Cas systems provide bacteria with acquired immunity against viruses and plasmids. CRISPR loci contain repeating sequences separated by unique spacer sequences that are derived from invading genetic elements. Cas proteins process CRISPR RNA transcripts from the loci into small CRISPR RNAs that guide the degradation of invading nucleic acids based on sequence complementarity. This three-stage CRISPR-Cas immune response of adaptation, expression, and interference integrates new spacers and uses CRISPR RNAs to target matching foreign genetic elements. CRISPR-Cas systems are found in many bacteria and archaea and can be exploited for applications like bacterial typing, evolution studies, and generating phage resistance.
CRISPR-Cas systems and applications
i explained about basics of genome engineering and crispr system.
CRISPR will change the world and it is just the beginning, are you ready to meet the future? you think its great and beautiful or.....?
please give your feedback to my email
pooyanaghshbandi@yahoo.com
i am starting to write a critical and fantastic review article about CRISPR, if you are interested to join please contact me.
CRISPR/CAS9- THE GENE EDITING TOOL
The document provides an overview of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. It discusses the history and components of the CRISPR system, how it works, applications in various fields like microbiology, biomedicine, agriculture, and therapeutics. Recent advances expand its use for transcriptional regulation, epigenetic editing, and live imaging. While powerful, it faces challenges like off-target effects that require further research to optimize its safe and ethical application.
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CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful genome editing tool that allows genetic material to be added, altered or removed at specific locations in the genome. It involves a bacterial adaptive immune system where CRISPR sequences and Cas genes work together. The Cas9 protein uses a guide RNA to introduce double stranded breaks at targeted DNA sequences. This enables precise genome editing through non-homologous end joining or homology directed repair. CRISPR/Cas9 provides a simple and accurate way to modify genes for applications in research, medicine, agriculture and more. While it holds great promise, there are also limitations and concerns regarding off-target effects that researchers continue working to address.
CRISPR, cas9 in plant disease resistance
CRISPR/Cas9 is an advanced genome editing technology that can be used to develop plant disease resistance. It involves a Cas9 enzyme that acts like molecular scissors to cut DNA at specific locations guided by CRISPR RNA. This triggers DNA repair that can introduce changes to genes. Researchers have used CRISPR/Cas9 to develop resistance in plants against viruses, fungi, and bacteria by editing genes involved in host-pathogen interaction and disease susceptibility. It provides a precise and efficient way to edit plant genomes to improve crop resistance compared to previous tools. Scientists continue working to enhance the specificity and control of CRISPR/Cas9 for genome editing applications in agriculture.
Application of crispr in cancer therapy
Many bacterial clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems employ the dual RNA–guided DNA endonuclease Cas9 to defend against invading phages and conjugative plasmids by introducing site-specific double-stranded breaks in target DNA. Target recognition strictly requires the presence of a short protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) flanking the target site, and subsequent R-loop formation and strand scission are driven by complementary base pairing between the guide RNA and target DNA, Cas9–DNA interactions, and associated conformational changes. The use of CRISPR–Cas9 as an RNA-programmable
DNA targeting and editing platform is simplified by a synthetic single-guide RNA (sgRNA) mimicking the natural dual trans-activating CRISPR RNA (tracrRNA)–CRISPR RNA (crRNA) structure
genome editing technique CRISPR-Cas9 - Copy.pptx
CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene editing technique that utilizes the Cas9 enzyme to cut DNA at specific locations guided by CRISPR RNA. It allows scientists to precisely modify genes and has applications in medicine, agriculture, and scientific research. Some examples include developing disease-resistant crops and mosquitoes, growing human organs in pigs, and potentially curing genetic diseases. While promising, CRISPR also faces ethical concerns regarding safety, unintended effects, germline editing, and unequal access to treatment. Overall, CRISPR is a revolutionary new biotechnology but more research is still needed to fully realize its benefits and address ethical implications.
CRISPR: Gene editing for everyone
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is based on a microbial restriction system, that has been harnessed for genome targeting using only a short sequence of RNA as a guide.
The beauty of the system is that unlike protein binding based technologies such as Zinc Fingers and TALENs which require complex protein engineering, the design rules are very simple, and it is this fact that is allowing CRISPR to take genome engineering from a relatively niche persuit to the mainstream scientific community.
The principle of the system is that a short guide RNA, homologous to the target site recruits a nuclease – Cas9
This then cuts the dsDNA, triggering repair by either the low fidelity NHEJ pathway, or by HDR in the presence of an exogenous donor sequence.
High Efficiencies for both knockouts and knock-ins have been reported and whilst there are understandable concerns about specificity, new methodologies to address these are now being developed
The system itself is comprised of three key components
the Cas9 protein, which cuts/cleaves the DNA and
Two RNAs - a crispr RNA contains the sequence homologous to the target site and a trans-activating crisprRNA (or TracrRNA) which recruits the nuclease/crispr complex
For genome editing, the crisperRNA and TraceRNA are generally now constructed together into a single guideRNA or sgRNA
Genome editing is elicited through hybridization of the sgRNA with its matching genomic sequence, and the recruitment of the Cas9, which cleaves at the target site.
Gene Editing for everyone
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is based on a microbial restriction system, that has been harnessed for genome targeting using only a short sequence of RNA as a guide.
Crispr cas9
CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene editing technology that uses the Cas9 enzyme guided by CRISPR sequences to target and cleave specific strands of DNA. It provides a simple and precise way to edit genes and is being applied in agriculture, animal breeding, and biomedicine. In agriculture, CRISPR-Cas9 is being used to develop virus-resistant and disease-resistant crops with improved traits like increased nutritional content and stress tolerance. In animals, it is modifying traits like disease resistance and removing allergens from products like eggs and milk. Future applications include improving human health by editing disease-causing genes and enabling organ transplantation.
CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)
clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats is a family of DNA sequences found in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria. Now CRISPR use as genome editing tool in different Plant Breeder to manipulate the DNA of the crop
Crispr/Cas9
This document discusses genome editing using the CRISPR-Cas9 system. It begins by introducing three main genome editing technologies - zinc-finger nucleases, TALENs, and the CRISPR-Cas9 system. It then describes the key events in the discovery of CRISPR-Cas9, including its origins as a bacterial defense system. The document outlines the main components of the CRISPR-Cas9 system, including crRNA, tracrRNA, sgRNA, and Cas9. It also summarizes the two main steps in genome editing using CRISPR-Cas9 - knocking out genes and DNA repair. The document concludes by discussing opportunities for applying CRISPR-Cas9 technology across various
Crispr
a new method in gene editing first discovered in bacteria but nowadays is used in knocking out or modifying gene changes .
The Genome editing Era (CRISPER Cas 9) : State of the Art and Perspectives fo...
Role of CRISPR/Cas9 in plant pathology
Production of disease resistance cultivars by editing the genome which is responsible for susceptibility factor for fungal and bacterial diseases.
By editing the genome which governs host pathogen interaction we can obtain incompatible interaction between host pathogen.
To improve the efficacy of bio control agents.
By editing the genome responsible for virus multiplication and virulence we can obtain virus free resistance cultivars.
The Genome-editing Era (CRISPER Cas 9) : State of the Art and Perspectives fo...
Role of CRISPR/Cas9 in plant pathology
Production of disease resistance cultivars by editing the genome which is responsible for susceptibility factor for fungal and bacterial diseases.
By editing the genome which governs host pathogen interaction we can obtain incompatible interaction between host pathogen.
To improve the efficacy of bio control agents.
By editing the genome responsible for virus multiplication and virulence we can obtain virus free resistance cultivars.
Genome editing tool Crispr Cas 9 in modifying Plant Genome
CRISPR acronym, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindromic Repeats
The CRISPR–Cas system is an adaptive immune system in prokaryotes that prevents phage infection by storing memory in the form of viral DNA in bacterial host chromosomes.
CRISPR+101.pdf
This document provides an overview of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. It discusses the history of CRISPR discoveries from 1993 onwards and how the technology has been adapted for genome editing. Previous gene editing methods like ZFNs, TALENs and rAAVs are also summarized. The document then explains in detail how the CRISPR/Cas9 system works to edit genomes using a Cas9 enzyme guided by CRISPR RNA. Applications of CRISPR like genomic editing through knockouts and gene silencing are highlighted.
Crisper cas
The document discusses the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing tool. CRISPR-Cas9 uses an enzyme called Cas9 and a guide RNA to cut DNA at a specific location, allowing DNA to be removed, added, or altered. It was developed based on the bacterial immune system and provides a simple, precise way to edit genomes. While promising for treating genetic diseases, its use in germline editing raises ethical concerns that require further discussion.
Similar to CRISPR/cas9 (20)
CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)
CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)
The Genome editing Era (CRISPER Cas 9) : State of the Art and Perspectives fo...
The Genome editing Era (CRISPER Cas 9) : State of the Art and Perspectives fo...
The Genome-editing Era (CRISPER Cas 9) : State of the Art and Perspectives fo...
The Genome-editing Era (CRISPER Cas 9) : State of the Art and Perspectives fo...
Genome editing tool Crispr Cas 9 in modifying Plant Genome
Genome editing tool Crispr Cas 9 in modifying Plant Genome
Recently uploaded
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
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∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
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km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
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Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
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Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
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truly diverge from their low-
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counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
Class 10 human eye notes physics
Handwritten best quality
JAMES WEBB STUDY THE MASSIVE BLACK HOLE SEEDS
The pathway(s) to seeding the massive black holes (MBHs) that exist at the heart of galaxies in the present and distant Universe remains an unsolved problem. Here we categorise, describe and quantitatively discuss the formation pathways of both light and heavy seeds. We emphasise that the most recent computational models suggest that rather than a bimodal-like mass spectrum between light and heavy seeds with light at one end and heavy at the other that instead a continuum exists. Light seeds being more ubiquitous and the heavier seeds becoming less and less abundant due the rarer environmental conditions required for their formation. We therefore examine the different mechanisms that give rise to different seed mass spectrums. We show how and why the mechanisms that produce the heaviest seeds are also among the rarest events in the Universe and are hence extremely unlikely to be the seeds for the vast majority of the MBH population. We quantify, within the limits of the current large uncertainties in the seeding processes, the expected number densities of the seed mass spectrum. We argue that light seeds must be at least 103 to 105 times more numerous than heavy seeds to explain the MBH population as a whole. Based on our current understanding of the seed population this makes heavy seeds (Mseed > 103 M⊙) a significantly more likely pathway given that heavy seeds have an abundance pattern than is close to and likely in excess of 10−4 compared to light seeds. Finally, we examine the current state-of-the-art in numerical calculations and recent observations and plot a path forward for near-future advances in both domains.
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
Signatures of wave erosion in Titan’s coasts
The shorelines of Titan’s hydrocarbon seas trace flooded erosional landforms such as river valleys; however, it isunclear whether coastal erosion has subsequently altered these shorelines. Spacecraft observations and theo-retical models suggest that wind may cause waves to form on Titan’s seas, potentially driving coastal erosion,but the observational evidence of waves is indirect, and the processes affecting shoreline evolution on Titanremain unknown. No widely accepted framework exists for using shoreline morphology to quantitatively dis-cern coastal erosion mechanisms, even on Earth, where the dominant mechanisms are known. We combinelandscape evolution models with measurements of shoreline shape on Earth to characterize how differentcoastal erosion mechanisms affect shoreline morphology. Applying this framework to Titan, we find that theshorelines of Titan’s seas are most consistent with flooded landscapes that subsequently have been eroded bywaves, rather than a uniform erosional process or no coastal erosion, particularly if wave growth saturates atfetch lengths of tens of kilometers.
一比一原版美国佩斯大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国佩斯大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理美国佩斯大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Reaching the age of Adolescence- Class 8
This is a presentation on understanding the age of adolescence.
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
seed production, Nursery & Gardening.pdf
This presentation offers a general idea of the structure of seed, seed production, management of seeds and its allied technologies. It also offers the concept of gene erosion and the practices used to control it. Nursery and gardening have been widely explored along with their importance in the related domain.
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
This is a short talk that I gave at the Banff International Research Station workshop on Modeling and Theory in Population Biology. The idea is to try to understand how the burden of natural selection relates to the amount of information that selection puts into the genome.
It's based on the first part of this research paper:
The cost of information acquisition by natural selection
Ryan Seamus McGee, Olivia Kosterlitz, Artem Kaznatcheev, Benjamin Kerr, Carl T. Bergstrom
bioRxiv 2022.07.02.498577; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.02.498577
Recently uploaded (20)
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
HUMAN EYE By-R.M Class 10 phy best digital notes.pdf
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
Microbiology of Central Nervous System INFECTIONS.pdf
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
The cost of acquiring information by natural selection
CRISPR/cas9
- 5. Exogenous DNA is processed by Cas proteins into short (20-30 base pairs) sequences that are adjacent to the Protospacer Adjacent Motif (PAM) site. These short pieces of DNA are then incorporated into the host genome between CRISPR repeats, and serve as a 'memory' of past exposures.
- 8. Guide RNA Cas9 Endonuclease crisprRNA and tracRNA
- 9. HERE, THE RNA IS A GUIDE TO FIND MORE MATCHING DNA CHUNKS CAS9 IS ANOTHER ONE OF THOSE NUCLEASE PROTEINS, AND IT CUTS WHEREVER THE GUIDE RNA TELLS IT TO
- 10. Why is CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology revolutionizing biology?
- 11. MANY APPLICATIONS IN ANIMALS AND PLANTS ACCURATE DNA TARGETING MECHANISM SOFTWARE VS HARDWARE MAKING A SPECIFIC SEQUENCE OF RNA IS MUCH EASIER THAN MAKING A SPECIFIC 3D PROTEIN
- 12. Targeting the germline for genome editing Embryos - Gametes - Stem cells
- 13. Gene editing in preimplantation embryos The editing system is directly microinjected into the cytoplasm or pronuclei of zygotes. Affected sperm Affected oocyte IVF/ICSI CRISPR/Cas9 editing in embryo Corrected embryo Corrected embryoCRISPR/Cas9 editing in embryo IVF/ICSI
- 14. Let’s take an example.. Xiangjin Kang in 2015, introduced the naturally occurring CCR5Δ32 allele into early human tripronuclear (3PN) embryos by CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing.
- 15. Gene editing of male germ cells Testis biopsy Spermatogonia SC derivation CRISPR/Cas9 editing in spermatogonia SC Gamete differentiation Corrected sperm ICSI Gene modification could be applied during gametogenesis. The CRISPR/Cas9 system could be used on sperm to generate gene corrected mature sperm.
- 16. Gene editing of female germ cells GV oocyte CRISPR/Cas9 editing in oocytes In vitro maturation Corrected oocyte ICSI The CRISPR/Cas9 system could be used on growing immature oocytes to generate gene corrected mature oocytes.
- 17. Pluripotent cells editing and differentiation Induced Pluripotent Stem cells—iPSC Can be grown easily in bulk amounts Sustain single cell passaging Skin biopsy Reprogramming iPS derivation CRISPR/Cas9 editing In iPS Gamete differentiation ICSI
- 18. The main concerns are … Mosaicism embryos Inefficient nuclease cutting Inaccurate DNA repair off-targets mutations Heritable off-target mutations
- 19. Possible uses of genome editing in repr • Germ line modifications for genetic disease correction • Correction of non-medical conditions
- 20. Germ line modifications for genetic disease correction Autosomal recessive diseases Two carrier/one affected parents PGD Both parents are affected CRISPR/Cas9 for one of the parents healthy carriers
- 21. Autosomal dominant disease Allows the patients to produce sperm or oocytes that are free from the mutation. Germ line modifications for genetic disease correction Chromosomal aberrations The Robertsonian translocation 21;21
- 22. Achieving more desirable traits Correction of non-medical conditions Polygenicity Epigenetics
- 24. Thank you.
- 25. References: Doudna, Jennifer A., and Emmanuelle Charpentier. "The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR-Cas9." Science 346.6213 (2014): 1258096. Harrison, Melissa M., et al. "A CRISPR view of development." Genes & development 28.17 (2014): 1859-1872. Kang, Xiangjin, et al. "Introducing precise genetic modifications into human 3PN embryos by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing." Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics 33.5 (2016): 581-588. Smertenko, Andrei, and Peter V. Bozhkov. "Somatic embryogenesis: life and death processes during apical–basal patterning." Journal of experimental botany (2014): eru005. Vassena, R., et al. "Genome engineering through CRISPR/Cas9 technology in the human germline and pluripotent stem cells." Human reproduction update (2016): dmw005.
Editor's Notes
- Animated slide!
- Animated slide!
- … AND JUST SIT THERE.
- Animated slide!
- - Ethical issues - Some limitations before CRISPR/Cas9 technology could be translated to the clinic, some problems will need to be resolved; the main issue is mosaicism, together with off-target effects and unwanted random genome integration of oligonucleotides and constructs.