Dr. Gyanika Shukla presented information on COVID-19 vaccines, addressing myths and facts. The document discussed what COVID-19 is, its symptoms, transmission, and treatment. It explained the types of vaccines available in India, including Covishield, Covaxin, and Sputnik V, and addressed common myths regarding vaccine safety, effectiveness, and side effects. The presentation aimed to provide truthful information and clear confusion surrounding COVID-19 vaccination.

1. Dr. Gyanika Shukla,
Project Associate,
DBT, Government of India Funded Project,
Chaudhary Charan Singh University,
Meerut
COVID Vaccination:
Truth and Myth

2. What is COVID-19?
The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection
caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in
Wuhan, China and spread around the world. It causes acute lung injury (ALI) and acute
respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) which leads to pulmonary failure and result in fatality.
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Symptoms of COVID-19
Symptoms of COVID-19 disease are dry cough, fever and shortness of breath in the majority of
patients. Patients also experience other signs such as sore throat, headache, myalgia, fatigue and
diarrhea.

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Genomic
Genomic analysis
revealed that SARS-
CoV-2 is
phylogenetically
related to severe
acute respiratory
syndrome-like
(SARS-like) bat
viruses, therefore
bats could be the
possible primary
reservoir.

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How it all started?
● The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
(SARS-CoV), H5N1 influenza A, H1N1 2009 and
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
(MERS-CoV), all of these are phylogenetically
related to novel corona virus.
● These viruses were thought to infect only animals
until the world witnessed a severe acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS) outbreak caused by SARS-CoV,
2002 in Guangdong, China.
● In 2012, Middle East respiratory syndrome
coronavirus (MERS-CoV) caused an endemic in
Middle Eastern countries.

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Continued..
At the end of 2019, Wuhan, China experienced an outbreak of a novel coronavirus
that killed more than 1800 and infected over 70000 individuals within 50 days
of the epidemic.
The novel virus was named as Wuhan coronavirus or 2019 novel corona virus
(2019-nCov) by the Chinese researchers. The International Committee on
Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) named the virus as SARS-CoV-2 and the disease as
COVID-19.
In 2003, SARS-CoV infected 8098 individuals with mortality rate of 9%, across
26 countries. Novel corona virus (2019) infected 16.6Cr individuals with
mortality rate of 3.7%, across 109 countries (data as retrieved on 22-05-
2021).

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Structure of Corona Virus

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Primary reservoirs and hosts of corona viruses
Shereen et al., 2020
Shereen et al, 2020

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Phylogenetic tree of corona viruses
Shereen et al, 2020

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Life cycle of SARS-CoV-2 in host cells
Shereen et al, 2020

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Hosseini, et al., 2020

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Clinical features of COVID-19

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People at high risk of COVID-19

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Transmission of COVID-19
1. Isolation, quarantine
2. Social distancing, use of masks, gloves and
complete PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
3. Disinfection of frequently touched surfaces,
such as floors, and other commonly used
areas (toilets, washbasins etc.) and objects
(doorknobs, handles, keys etc.)
4. Vaccination

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16. WHO prescribed steps of hand washing
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17. Methods to diagnose viral infections
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Remdesivir (Only
medicine
approved by FDA
for COVID 19
Treatment)
Monoclonal
antibodies are
under study
Older medications
(that are typically
used to treat other
conditions) are also
being tested
Commonly used treatments for COVID-19 and therapies with emergency use
authorizations (EUAs)
FDA approved:
Remdesivir, Dexamethasone, Convalescent plasma, Monoclonal antibodies (bamlanivimab &
REGN-COV2)
NIH recommended:
Hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, Azithromycin, Tocilizumab, Kinase inhibitors (Baricitinib,
Ruxolitinib, Tofacitinib), Interferons, Kaletra, Ivermectin

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1. WHOLE VIRUS
2. PROTEIN SUBUNIT
3. VIRAL VECTOR
4. NUCLEIC ACID
(RNA AND DNA)
1. Oral route
2. Subcutaneous route
3. Intramuscular route
4. Intradermal route
5. Intranasal route
1. Covishield (Viral Vector
type)
2. Covaxin (whole virus
type)
3. Sputnik V (Viral vector
type)
Vaccine Types
Vaccination Types
Vaccines being used in India
Vaccines and Vaccination

20. The Serum Institute of India (SII)
makes Covishield.
Bharat Biotech, makes the
locally-developed Covaxin.
The third is Russia's Sputnik V
vaccine.
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India began its vaccination
drive in mid-January and
over 185 million vaccine
doses have been
administered so far.
In early April, daily
vaccinations peaked at 3.6
million but that figure has
since fallen back to around
1.6 million per day.
How fast are people being vaccinated in India?

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1. Confusion and Lack of
awareness.
2. Technical problems in booking
online slots.
3. Unavailability of vaccine
dosage.
Reasons of slow vaccination drive

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Lets clear the
confusions
and know the
facts..

24. Truth
Confusion arose when a
false report surfaced on
social media, saying
that the spike protein on
this coronavirus was the
same as another spike
protein called syncitin-1
that is involved in the
growth and attachment
of the placenta during
pregnancy.
The COVID-19 vaccine
will not affect fertility.
Myth
The COVID-19
vaccine can
affect women’s
fertility.
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25. Truth
Due to the severe health
risks associated with
COVID-19 and the fact that
re-infection with COVID-19
is possible, people may be
advised to get a COVID-19
vaccine even if they have
been sick with COVID-19
before.
People who have gotten sick
with COVID-19 may still
benefit from getting
vaccinated.
Myth
If I’ve already had
COVID-19, I don’t
need a vaccine.
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26. Truth
China isolated and shared
genetic information about
COVID-19 promptly, so
scientists could start
working on vaccines.
The vaccine developers
didn’t skip any testing steps.
No serious or life-
threatening side
effects have been
reported.
Myth
Researchers
rushed the
development of
the COVID-19
vaccine, so its
effectiveness and
safety cannot be
trusted.
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27. Truth
The current safety
guidelines have
not changed and
we still require all
individuals to
wear masks inside
all of our
facilities..
Getting the
COVID-19 vaccine
means I can stop
wearing my mask
and taking
coronavirus
precautions.
Myth
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28. Truth
The vaccine for
COVID-19 cannot
and will not give
you COVID-19.
Getting the
COVID-19
vaccine gives
you COVID-19.
Myth
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The vaccine helps
your immune system
recognize and fight
the virus does not
cause infection of any
sort.

29. Truth
The RNA from the Viral
vector types of COVID-19
vaccines does enter cells,
but not the nucleus of the
cells where DNA resides.
The mRNA does its job to
cause the cell to make
protein to stimulate the
immune system, and then
it quickly breaks down —
without affecting your
DNA.
Myth
The COVID-19
vaccine enters
your cells and
changes your
DNA.
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30. Truth
The technology
behind the new
coronavirus
vaccines has been
in development for
almost two
decades.
Myth
The
technology
used to make
the COVID-19
vaccine is
brand new.
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31. Truth
The COVID-19 vaccines
are authorized by the FDA
and contain normal
vaccine ingredients, such
as fats (which protect the
RNA), salts and sugar.
The COVID-19 vaccines
were not developed using
fetal tissue, and they do
not contain any material,
such as implants,
microchips or tracking
devices.
Myth
The COVID-19
vaccine was
developed
with or
contains
controversial
substances.
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32. Truth
If there is going
to be a
complication or
side effect (like
an allergic
reaction, for
example) it will
occur within
minutes to
hours of
receiving the
vaccine.
Myth
The
vaccines
can lead to
long-term
side -
effects.
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33. The vaccine developers of India
have suggested that person with
already compromised immune
system should avoid
vaccination. Like Pregnant
women, person with diabetes,
asthma, pulmonary, liver or
kidney diseases.
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3
Who should not take the vaccine?

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References
Shereen, M.A., Khan, S., Kazmi, A., Bashir, N.
and Siddique, R., 2020. COVID-19 infection:
Origin, transmission, and characteristics of
human coronaviruses. Journal of advanced
research, 24, pp.91-98.
Hosseini, E.S., Kashani, N.R., Nikzad, H.,
Azadbakht, J., Bafrani, H.H. and Kashani,
H.H., 2020. The novel coronavirus Disease-
2019 (COVID-19): Mechanism of action,
detection and recent therapeutic
strategies. Virology, 551, pp.1-9.

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HELENA JAMES
JENNA DOE
JOHN PATTERSON
Thanks To Coronavirus Warriors

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