The document discusses COVID-19, including what it is, how it spreads, symptoms, variants, and management strategies in India and the US. It provides details on types of vaccines available in India, categories like Covishield and Covaxin, as well as numbers vaccinated. The document also addresses precautions to take and defines the different waves of COVID-19, emphasizing the importance of protecting oneself and following guidelines.

1. Disaster Management
ON COVID-19
NAME: HERSHA GUPTA
CLASS: 9TH-GAUSS
MANAV RACHNA INTERNATIONAL
SCHOOL- SECTOR 46, GURUGRAM
2020-21

2. WHAT IS DISASTER MANAGEMENT ?
Disaster Management can be defined
as the organization and management
of resources and responsibilities for
dealing with all humanitarian aspects
of emergencies, in particular
preparedness, response and recovery
in order to lessen the impact of
disasters.

3. WHAT IS A DISEASE?
A disease is a particular abnormal
condition that negatively affects
the structure or function of all or
part of an organism.

4. COVID-19
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), also known as the
COVID , is a contagious disease caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The
first known case was identified in Wuhan, China, in
December 2019. The disease has since spread worldwide,
leading to an ongoing pandemic.Coronaviruses constitute
the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, in the family
Coronaviridae, order Nidovirales, and realm Riboviria.

5. HOW COVID-19 IS CAUSED AND SPREAD?
The virus that causes COVID-19 is in a family of viruses called Coronaviridae. Antibiotics do
not work against viruses. Some people who become ill with COVID-19 can also develop a
bacterial infection as a complication. In this case, antibiotics may be recommended by a
health care provider.The virus spreads mainly between people who are in close contact
with each other, typically within 1 metre (short-range). A person can be infected when
aerosols or droplets containing the virus are inhaled or come directly into contact with the
eyes, nose, or mouth.

6. Fever
Dry Cough
tiredness
SYMPTOMS:
COMMON SYPMTOMS: aches and pains
sore throat
dairrohea
headache
loss of taste and smell
conjunctivitis
LESS SYMPTOMS: SERIOUS SYMPTOMS:
difficulty breathing or
shortness of breath
chest pain or pressure
loss of speech or movement

7. COVID-19 MUTANTS OR VARIANTS
B.1.1.7: This variant was first identified in the US in December 2020. It
was initially detected in the UK.
B.1.351: This variant was first identified in the US at the end of January
2021. It was initially detected in South Africa in December 2020.
P.1: This variant was first detected in the US in January 2021. P.1 was
initially identified in travelers from Brazil, who were tested during
routine screening at an airport in Japan, in early January.
B.1.427 and B.1.429: These two variants were first identified in California
in February 2021 and were classified as VOCs in March 2021.
In collaboration with a SARS-CoV-2 Interagency Group (SIG), CDC
established 3 classifications for the SARS-CoV-2 variants being monitored:
Variant of Interest (VOI), Variant of Concern (VOC), and Variant of High
Consequence (VOHC).

8. HOW IS THE VIRUS BEING MANAGED ?
INDIA
The Indian government (central and state level) is working intensely to minimalize
the number of cases and consequences daily and is taking all necessary steps to
combat the challenges and threat posed by this growing invisible pandemic war
involving public, medical association, nurses, NGOs, police forces, including
paramilitary.Starting from less than 100 tests per day, on 18th,2020 May India
reached a 2,00,000 test landmark in its fight against COVID-19. This 2000 fold
increase became achievable with cooperation from airlines, railways, medical
colleges, ministries, postal services, research institutions, and testing laboratories.
Additionally, over 2.02 crore N95 masks and 1.18 crore PPE kits are distributed in
Indian states and UTs for free since 1st April,2020. India launched ‘ArogyaSetu’
mobile application for tracking the movements.

9. Ministry of AYUSH advised few health care measures and self-care guidelines
for enhancing immunity (to fight against COVID-19) with ayurvedic procedures,
like drinking warm water throughout the day, regular practice of Yogasana,
Pranayama and meditation for at least 30min, intake of spices like Haldi
(Turmeric), Jeera (Cumin), Dhaniya (Coriander) and Lahsun (Garlic), drinking
herbal tea/decoction (Kadha) made from Tulsi (Basil), Dalchini (Cinnamon),
Kalimirch (Black pepper), Shunthi (Dry Ginger) and Munakka (Raisin) - once or
twice a day, application of sesame/oil/coconut oil in the nostrils every
morning/evening, oil pulling therapy, intake of chavanprash (10gm/day),
Golden Milk- Half teaspoon Haldi (turmeric) powder in 150ml hot milk - once or
twice a day, etc.

10. USA
More than 32.7 million confirmed cases have been reported since January 2020,
resulting in more than 581,000 deaths, the most of any country, and the
eighteenth-highest per capital worldwide. The first American case was reported
in January 2020, and President Donald Trump declared the U.S. outbreak a
public health emergency on January 31. Restrictions were placed on flights
arriving from China.The first known American deaths occurred in February. On
March 6, 2020, Trump signed the Coronavirus Preparedness and Response
Supplemental Appropriations Act, which provided $8.3 billion in emergency
funding for federal agencies to respond to the outbreak.The limited availability
of masks, personal protective equipment (PPE) and ventilators revealed
significant cracks in US preparedness. It also put on full display the caustic
political divisions that are a modern feature of US politics and society.

11. Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania and the biotech
firm Regeneron are investigating whether technology
developed for gene therapy can be used to make a nasal
spray that will prevent infection with the new coronavirus
in the past month, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) has issued additional guidance for fully
vaccinated individuals, including being able to: a) visit with
other fully-vaccinated people indoors without wearing
masks or physically distance.b) visit with unvaccinated
people from a single household without wearing masks or
physically distance, provided they are at low risk for
severe COVID-19 disease indoor. and c) refrain from
quarantine and testing following a known exposure if
asymptomatic.

12. CATEGORIES OF VACCINE AND HOW MANY ARE
VACCINATED?
Covishield
Developed By University of Oxford and
AstraZeneca in collaboration with the SII
Vaccine Type Modified chimpanzee adenovirus
vector
Efficacy DCGI: 70.42% overall
Storage Temperature 2-8°C
Dosage Two doses (Gap 2.5-3 Months)
Routes of administration Intramuscular
injection
Covaxin
Developed By Bharat Biotech in associati
with ICMR and NIV
Vaccine Type Inactivated whole virus
Efficacy N/A
Storage Temperature 2-8°C
Dosage Two Doses (0, 14 Days)
Routes of administration Intramuscula
injection
ZyCoV-D
Developed By Zydus Cadila
Vaccine Type Plasmid DNA vaccine
Efficacy N/A
Storage Temperature 2-8°C
Dosage N/A
Routes of administration
Intradermal route
Biological E
Developed By Biological E
Vaccine Type Subunit vaccine
Efficacy N/A
Storage Temperature N/A
Dosage N/A
Routes of administration Intramuscular injection
Mynvax
Developed By Mynvax -IISc
Vaccine Type Protien based vaccine
Efficacy N/A
Storage Temperature 37º C
Dosage N/A
Routes of administration N/A
HGCO19 – Gennova Biopharmaceuticals
Developed By Gennova Biopharmaceuticals
Vaccine Type mRNA vaccine
Efficacy N/A
Storage Temperature 2-8°C
Dosage –
Routes of administration N/A

13. WAVES OF COVID-19
The second wave refers to those who will suffer in the medium-
term due to measures taken to limit the spread of COVID-19. It
includes, among many others, those who delay presenting to
healthcare facilities for fear of COVID-19 infection; those with
progressive diseases whose appointments are rescheduled; and
those who miss routine screening. The third wave is the effect
of virus on the social determinants of health, and its effects on
the next generation. The virus will worsen health inequalities
through severe economic injury.

14. Wash and
sanitise hands
frequently
Wear a mask
properly .
Prefer wearing
double masks.
Maintain
distance
atleast 2
meters
Avoid crowds and
poorly ventillated
areas.
PRECAUTIONS:

15. COVID WARRIORS

16. BORING LOCKDOWN!!!!
Watch a film Watch a documentary
Write a play or short film
Build a new body

18. Acknowledgements: Parents,
sibling,friends.
Project Overview:
PURPOSE: to highlight the severe situation of
COVID-19.
Methodology: The methoods of preventing yourself
from COVID-19.
Experience: Great learning, fun
Summary and conclusions based on findings:
Protect yourself from COVID-19 and ask others as
well to protect themselves and follow the
precautions . take regular vitamins and other
essential medicines . Get vaccinanted . Stay Home
Stay Safe .
Bibliography: google, wikipedia, Arogya Setu,
CoWIN,https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-
testing/symptoms.html,https://www.bbc.com/news/health-52354520. images:
google

19. THANK
YOU