The European Union is an economic and political union of 28 member states located primarily in Europe. It operates through a system of supranational independent institutions and intergovernmental negotiated decisions by the member states. Key EU bodies include the European Commission, Council of the European Union, European Parliament, and European Central Bank. The EU was established after World War 2 to foster economic cooperation and integration between European countries to prevent future conflicts. It has since expanded in membership and cooperation on issues like trade, security, and monetary policy.
Europe after World War Two - the establishment of the EECNoel Hogan
After two devastating World Wars, several European leaders decided that countries needed to replace conflict with cooperation. This led to the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community in 1951, which showed that free trade between countries could work. In 1957, the Treaty of Rome established the European Economic Community (EEC), creating a common market, freedom of movement, and agricultural policies. Over time, the EEC grew into today's European Union of 28 member states.
EURO Education - is an open educational platform aimed at improving the legal literacy with focus on eurointegration and eurocommunity. In collaboration with leading experts on european integration we keen to reveal the complex legal and political issues in simple terms. EURO Education is designed not only as educational web-site with useful articles, videos and infographics lectures, it is also a platform aimed to bring connection and cohesion among young people from all the Europe.
Web-site: http://www.euroeducation.in.ua
The Lisbon Treaty originated in 2007 and was agreed to by EU heads of state and governments. It consists of preambles, articles, and protocols that amend the EU's existing treaties. Key changes include renaming the European Community Treaty as the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU, establishing the position of President of the European Council, and reducing the size of the European Commission to two-thirds the number of member states. The Lisbon Treaty differs from the previous proposed EU Constitution by excluding political symbols and not referring to itself as a constitution in order to make it more palatable to member states.
The European Union consists of 27 member states with over 500 million people. It was founded after World War 2 to promote peace and prosperity in Europe. It has expanded from its original 6 countries to 27 today. Key symbols of the EU include the European flag, anthem, and motto of "United in diversity." The euro is the single currency used by many EU states. The largest countries by population are Germany, France, the UK, Italy and Spain.
The European Union began in the 1950s as the European Economic Community with six founding members. It has since expanded to 27 member states, with the latest being Bulgaria and Romania joining in 2007. The Maastricht Treaty formed the EU in 1992, and it works to promote peace, democracy, human rights and economic stability across Europe.
On June 23rd 2016 the UK voted in a referendum to leave the European Union. Prime Minister David Cameron resigned the morning after the vote and a few weeks later, Theresa May was elected leader of the Conservative Party and new Prime Minister
The process of Brexit has begun although the timing of the decision to invoke Article 50 of the EU treaty remains uncertain
Once Article 50 is invoked, there is a maximum period of two years before the UK finally leaves the EU. The terms of the UK’s new economic relationship with the EU also remain uncertain.
The European Union is an economic and political union of 28 member states located primarily in Europe. It operates through a system of supranational independent institutions and intergovernmental negotiated decisions by the member states. Key EU bodies include the European Commission, Council of the European Union, European Parliament, and European Central Bank. The EU was established after World War 2 to foster economic cooperation and integration between European countries to prevent future conflicts. It has since expanded in membership and cooperation on issues like trade, security, and monetary policy.
Europe after World War Two - the establishment of the EECNoel Hogan
After two devastating World Wars, several European leaders decided that countries needed to replace conflict with cooperation. This led to the establishment of the European Coal and Steel Community in 1951, which showed that free trade between countries could work. In 1957, the Treaty of Rome established the European Economic Community (EEC), creating a common market, freedom of movement, and agricultural policies. Over time, the EEC grew into today's European Union of 28 member states.
EURO Education - is an open educational platform aimed at improving the legal literacy with focus on eurointegration and eurocommunity. In collaboration with leading experts on european integration we keen to reveal the complex legal and political issues in simple terms. EURO Education is designed not only as educational web-site with useful articles, videos and infographics lectures, it is also a platform aimed to bring connection and cohesion among young people from all the Europe.
Web-site: http://www.euroeducation.in.ua
The Lisbon Treaty originated in 2007 and was agreed to by EU heads of state and governments. It consists of preambles, articles, and protocols that amend the EU's existing treaties. Key changes include renaming the European Community Treaty as the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU, establishing the position of President of the European Council, and reducing the size of the European Commission to two-thirds the number of member states. The Lisbon Treaty differs from the previous proposed EU Constitution by excluding political symbols and not referring to itself as a constitution in order to make it more palatable to member states.
The European Union consists of 27 member states with over 500 million people. It was founded after World War 2 to promote peace and prosperity in Europe. It has expanded from its original 6 countries to 27 today. Key symbols of the EU include the European flag, anthem, and motto of "United in diversity." The euro is the single currency used by many EU states. The largest countries by population are Germany, France, the UK, Italy and Spain.
The European Union began in the 1950s as the European Economic Community with six founding members. It has since expanded to 27 member states, with the latest being Bulgaria and Romania joining in 2007. The Maastricht Treaty formed the EU in 1992, and it works to promote peace, democracy, human rights and economic stability across Europe.
On June 23rd 2016 the UK voted in a referendum to leave the European Union. Prime Minister David Cameron resigned the morning after the vote and a few weeks later, Theresa May was elected leader of the Conservative Party and new Prime Minister
The process of Brexit has begun although the timing of the decision to invoke Article 50 of the EU treaty remains uncertain
Once Article 50 is invoked, there is a maximum period of two years before the UK finally leaves the EU. The terms of the UK’s new economic relationship with the EU also remain uncertain.
The key institutions of the European Union are the European Council, the Council of the European Union, the European Parliament, the European Commission, and the Court of Justice. The European Council sets the overall political direction and priorities of the EU. The Council of the European Union represents member states and develops foreign policy. The European Parliament represents EU citizens and approves laws and budgets along with overseeing other institutions. The European Commission proposes new laws and manages programs and budgets. The Court of Justice ensures consistent application of EU law across states and resolves legal disputes.
The document discusses the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union (Brexit). It provides background on the formation of the EU and Britain's membership. It summarizes the results of the 2016 Brexit referendum where 52% voted to leave the EU. Reasons for Brexit included reforms to the EU, immigration, and Euroscepticism in the British press. Potential impacts include economic effects on jobs, trade, and investments as well as political consequences. The document also discusses impacts on global markets, the UK economy, Indian students studying abroad, and implications for India including trade and foreign direct investment.
The European Union has gone through many changes over its 57 year history, starting as the European Coal and Steel Community in 1950 with 6 founding members and growing to 27 members today. It was established to regulate trade and form a single market, and later took on goals like environmental protection, human rights, and asserting its role globally. Key events included the introduction of the Euro currency in 1999 and the expansion of membership over the decades through various treaties.
The purpose of the European Union is for its member countries to work together to gain advantages that would be difficult to achieve individually, such as increased economic power and influence on the global stage. While the EU coordinates policies on issues like trade, education, and agriculture, each country maintains independent control over its own laws, military, and government. Key benefits of EU membership include free trade, an common currency (the euro) that facilitates commerce, and freedom of movement and rights to live and work across member nations. The EU currently has 27 member countries, though some European nations have opted to remain outside the bloc.
Brexit refers to the UK's decision to leave the European Union. The EU is a political and economic union of 28 countries that allows free trade and movement between members. In 2016, a referendum was held and 51.9% voted to leave the EU. The process of leaving has begun, but the future relationship between the UK and EU remains unclear - it could involve remaining in the single market like Norway, or a looser trade agreement like Canada. Legal and tax consequences will depend on if a "hard" or "soft" Brexit is pursued. Negotiations are ongoing to determine the new relationship.
The European Union is a unique economic and political partnership between 27 European countries that has delivered peace, stability, and prosperity over the past 50 years. It was initially created to foster economic cooperation but has evolved to span all areas of policy. The EU has its own flag, currency (euro), and anthem. It has a bicameral legislative branch consisting of the directly elected European Parliament and the Council of the European Union composed of national ministers. The European Commission acts as the executive branch. The Court of Justice of the European Union interprets EU law.
The document provides a history of the formation and expansion of the European Union from 1951 to 2007. It started as the European Coal and Steel Community in 1951 and became the European Economic Community in 1957 with Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands as founding members. Over subsequent decades, additional countries joined, including the UK in 1973. The Maastricht Treaty in 1992 formed the modern European Union. The EU continued expanding with several eastern European countries joining in 2004 and 2007.
Commission presents White Paper on the future of Europe: Avenues for unity for the EU at 27
In preparation for the Rome Summit of 25 March that will mark the 60th anniversary of the EU, the European Commission has published a White Paper on the Future of Europe. The white paper, which Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker presented before the European Parliament on 1 March, sets out the main challenges and opportunities for Europe in the coming decade. It presents five scenarios for how the Union could evolve by 2025 depending on the path chosen. The scenarios cover a range of possibilities and are illustrative in nature. They are neither mutually exclusive, nor exhaustive. In scenario 1, “Carrying On”, the EU27 focuses on delivering the positive reform agenda agreed upon by all 27 Member States in 2016. In scenario 2, “Nothing but the Single Market”, the EU is gradually re-centred on the single market while scenario 3, “Those Who Want More Do More”, allows willing Member States to do more together in specific areas. In scenario 4: “Doing Less More Efficiently” the EU focuses on delivering more and faster in selected policy areas, while doing less where it is perceived not to have an added value. Finally, in Scenario 5, “Doing Much More Together”, Member States decide to share more power, resources and decision-making across the board. To encourage debate, the Commission, together with the European Parliament and interested Member States, will host a series of “Future of Europe Debates” across Europe’s cities and regions over the coming months. The Commission will also publish a series of reflection papers on various topics, including one on the deepening of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). First conclusions could be drawn at the December 2017 European Council in order to decide on a course of action to be rolled out in time for the European Parliament elections in June 2019.
The document provides an introduction to the EU, including its expansion over time, history, objectives, and institutions. It discusses how the EU has expanded from 6 founding members to its current 27 countries through various stages. The objectives of the EU are outlined as promoting peace, security, justice, sustainable development, social market economy, single market, and combating social exclusion. The main institutions that operate the EU are described as the European Council, European Parliament, European Commission, and Council of Ministers, explaining their basic functions in the lawmaking and policy processes.
The document provides an overview of the history and structure of the European Union. It emerged after World War II to prevent further war and bring European states closer together economically. While EU law takes precedence over UK law, there is debate around whether this means the UK has lost its sovereignty, as Parliament can still pass laws overriding the EU if it does so explicitly. The document also outlines the key EU institutions and their roles.
Regional Economic Integration in European Countrieseddie aly
The European Union (EU) was formed to promote peace, cooperation, and economic prosperity in Europe following World War 2. It has grown to include 27 member states with various levels of economic and political integration. The EU's main institutions that govern and coordinate policies are the European Council, European Commission, European Parliament, and European Court of Justice. The EU represents the highest level of regional economic integration, functioning as a single market with a common currency (euro), centralized monetary and fiscal policies, and increasing political union. While the EU has had economic benefits, issues of sovereignty, overregulation, and immigration levels have prompted debate around further expansion and Britain's membership in the bloc.
The European Union consists of 27 member states with over 500 million citizens. It was founded after World War 2 to promote peace and economic cooperation. Key EU institutions include the European Parliament which is elected by EU citizens, the Council of Ministers which represents the member states, and the European Commission which proposes legislation. The EU has a single market with freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and people. It uses the euro as a single currency for 19 member states. The EU aims to promote prosperity, security, research and environmental protection through cooperation between member states.
Brexit refers to the departure of the United Kingdom from the European Union. The EU is an economic and political union of 28 European countries established after World War II. A referendum was held in 2016 on whether the UK should remain in or leave the EU, with 51.9% voting to leave. Supporters of leaving argued it would restore UK sovereignty and control over immigration, while supporters of remaining argued it would cause economic uncertainty and job losses as companies relocated. After failed attempts to negotiate a withdrawal deal, Prime Minister Theresa May resigned and was replaced by Boris Johnson, who also failed to finalize a deal by the Brexit deadline of October 31, 2019.
The document provides an overview of the history, structure, and policies of the European Union (EU). It discusses the origins and evolution of the EU from the 1950s agreements that formed the European Coal and Steel Community. It describes the main EU institutions like the European Parliament, Council of the EU, European Commission, and courts. It also summarizes some of the EU's key policies and initiatives like the Euro currency, trade relations, and current issues around enlargement.
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 member states located primarily in Europe. It operates through supranational institutions and intergovernmental decision making between member states. The EU has developed a single market through standardized laws across members and abolished passport controls between most members. It aims to ensure the free movement of goods, capital, people and services. The EU is also home to a monetary union called the Eurozone composed of 17 members using the euro as currency.
The document discusses the potential impacts of Brexit, the UK's withdrawal from the European Union. It provides background on Brexit and the EU. If the UK exits the EU, it could negatively impact the overall European and global economies in the short term through financial market volatility and currency fluctuations. Specific industries in both the UK and EU like business, agriculture, and automotive manufacturing would be affected as well. Indian companies with operations in the UK and EU could see decreased revenues and foreign direct investment if Brexit occurs.
The European Union: Challenges and OpportunitiesJeffrey Hart
The European Union faces several challenges, including sluggish economic growth, high youth unemployment, and the Eurozone debt crisis. The adoption of austerity policies to address budget shortfalls have slowed growth and increased unemployment in some countries. Rising populism and nationalism have increased opposition to EU policies and threatened the stability of the bloc. Events like the Greek debt crisis, Brexit referendum, and the migration crisis have further divided member states and weakened the EU. How the EU addresses these issues will impact its future as both an economic and political union.
The coordination mechanism of the Bulgarian participation in (1)Yoanna Yordanova
Bulgaria joined the EU in 2007 and one of its most important tasks is participating in the EU's decision-making process. The EU uses a three stage process: working groups handle proposals with no time limit; COREPER, comprised of deputy and permanent representatives, prepares work for Council configurations; the Council of the EU, representing member state governments, makes decisions across 10 configurations. Bulgaria participates through 36 working parties that create positions, the Council for European Affairs that approves strategies, and the Council of Ministers that gives mandates to ministers and adopts annual programs.
This document discusses the EU's institutions and policies around enlargement and development. It describes the main EU institutions, including the European Commission, Council of Ministers, European Parliament, and European Council. It then discusses the history of EU enlargement, criteria for membership, and the accession process. Recent and potential future enlargements in countries like Turkey, the Western Balkans, and Iceland are also covered. The document also examines the EU's neighborhood policy and how large the EU may ultimately become geographically. Finally, it outlines the EU's policies in areas like innovation, the environment, technology, energy, and measures to promote solidarity within the single market.
The key institutions of the European Union are the European Council, the Council of the European Union, the European Parliament, the European Commission, and the Court of Justice. The European Council sets the overall political direction and priorities of the EU. The Council of the European Union represents member states and develops foreign policy. The European Parliament represents EU citizens and approves laws and budgets along with overseeing other institutions. The European Commission proposes new laws and manages programs and budgets. The Court of Justice ensures consistent application of EU law across states and resolves legal disputes.
The document discusses the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union (Brexit). It provides background on the formation of the EU and Britain's membership. It summarizes the results of the 2016 Brexit referendum where 52% voted to leave the EU. Reasons for Brexit included reforms to the EU, immigration, and Euroscepticism in the British press. Potential impacts include economic effects on jobs, trade, and investments as well as political consequences. The document also discusses impacts on global markets, the UK economy, Indian students studying abroad, and implications for India including trade and foreign direct investment.
The European Union has gone through many changes over its 57 year history, starting as the European Coal and Steel Community in 1950 with 6 founding members and growing to 27 members today. It was established to regulate trade and form a single market, and later took on goals like environmental protection, human rights, and asserting its role globally. Key events included the introduction of the Euro currency in 1999 and the expansion of membership over the decades through various treaties.
The purpose of the European Union is for its member countries to work together to gain advantages that would be difficult to achieve individually, such as increased economic power and influence on the global stage. While the EU coordinates policies on issues like trade, education, and agriculture, each country maintains independent control over its own laws, military, and government. Key benefits of EU membership include free trade, an common currency (the euro) that facilitates commerce, and freedom of movement and rights to live and work across member nations. The EU currently has 27 member countries, though some European nations have opted to remain outside the bloc.
Brexit refers to the UK's decision to leave the European Union. The EU is a political and economic union of 28 countries that allows free trade and movement between members. In 2016, a referendum was held and 51.9% voted to leave the EU. The process of leaving has begun, but the future relationship between the UK and EU remains unclear - it could involve remaining in the single market like Norway, or a looser trade agreement like Canada. Legal and tax consequences will depend on if a "hard" or "soft" Brexit is pursued. Negotiations are ongoing to determine the new relationship.
The European Union is a unique economic and political partnership between 27 European countries that has delivered peace, stability, and prosperity over the past 50 years. It was initially created to foster economic cooperation but has evolved to span all areas of policy. The EU has its own flag, currency (euro), and anthem. It has a bicameral legislative branch consisting of the directly elected European Parliament and the Council of the European Union composed of national ministers. The European Commission acts as the executive branch. The Court of Justice of the European Union interprets EU law.
The document provides a history of the formation and expansion of the European Union from 1951 to 2007. It started as the European Coal and Steel Community in 1951 and became the European Economic Community in 1957 with Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands as founding members. Over subsequent decades, additional countries joined, including the UK in 1973. The Maastricht Treaty in 1992 formed the modern European Union. The EU continued expanding with several eastern European countries joining in 2004 and 2007.
Commission presents White Paper on the future of Europe: Avenues for unity for the EU at 27
In preparation for the Rome Summit of 25 March that will mark the 60th anniversary of the EU, the European Commission has published a White Paper on the Future of Europe. The white paper, which Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker presented before the European Parliament on 1 March, sets out the main challenges and opportunities for Europe in the coming decade. It presents five scenarios for how the Union could evolve by 2025 depending on the path chosen. The scenarios cover a range of possibilities and are illustrative in nature. They are neither mutually exclusive, nor exhaustive. In scenario 1, “Carrying On”, the EU27 focuses on delivering the positive reform agenda agreed upon by all 27 Member States in 2016. In scenario 2, “Nothing but the Single Market”, the EU is gradually re-centred on the single market while scenario 3, “Those Who Want More Do More”, allows willing Member States to do more together in specific areas. In scenario 4: “Doing Less More Efficiently” the EU focuses on delivering more and faster in selected policy areas, while doing less where it is perceived not to have an added value. Finally, in Scenario 5, “Doing Much More Together”, Member States decide to share more power, resources and decision-making across the board. To encourage debate, the Commission, together with the European Parliament and interested Member States, will host a series of “Future of Europe Debates” across Europe’s cities and regions over the coming months. The Commission will also publish a series of reflection papers on various topics, including one on the deepening of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). First conclusions could be drawn at the December 2017 European Council in order to decide on a course of action to be rolled out in time for the European Parliament elections in June 2019.
The document provides an introduction to the EU, including its expansion over time, history, objectives, and institutions. It discusses how the EU has expanded from 6 founding members to its current 27 countries through various stages. The objectives of the EU are outlined as promoting peace, security, justice, sustainable development, social market economy, single market, and combating social exclusion. The main institutions that operate the EU are described as the European Council, European Parliament, European Commission, and Council of Ministers, explaining their basic functions in the lawmaking and policy processes.
The document provides an overview of the history and structure of the European Union. It emerged after World War II to prevent further war and bring European states closer together economically. While EU law takes precedence over UK law, there is debate around whether this means the UK has lost its sovereignty, as Parliament can still pass laws overriding the EU if it does so explicitly. The document also outlines the key EU institutions and their roles.
Regional Economic Integration in European Countrieseddie aly
The European Union (EU) was formed to promote peace, cooperation, and economic prosperity in Europe following World War 2. It has grown to include 27 member states with various levels of economic and political integration. The EU's main institutions that govern and coordinate policies are the European Council, European Commission, European Parliament, and European Court of Justice. The EU represents the highest level of regional economic integration, functioning as a single market with a common currency (euro), centralized monetary and fiscal policies, and increasing political union. While the EU has had economic benefits, issues of sovereignty, overregulation, and immigration levels have prompted debate around further expansion and Britain's membership in the bloc.
The European Union consists of 27 member states with over 500 million citizens. It was founded after World War 2 to promote peace and economic cooperation. Key EU institutions include the European Parliament which is elected by EU citizens, the Council of Ministers which represents the member states, and the European Commission which proposes legislation. The EU has a single market with freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and people. It uses the euro as a single currency for 19 member states. The EU aims to promote prosperity, security, research and environmental protection through cooperation between member states.
Brexit refers to the departure of the United Kingdom from the European Union. The EU is an economic and political union of 28 European countries established after World War II. A referendum was held in 2016 on whether the UK should remain in or leave the EU, with 51.9% voting to leave. Supporters of leaving argued it would restore UK sovereignty and control over immigration, while supporters of remaining argued it would cause economic uncertainty and job losses as companies relocated. After failed attempts to negotiate a withdrawal deal, Prime Minister Theresa May resigned and was replaced by Boris Johnson, who also failed to finalize a deal by the Brexit deadline of October 31, 2019.
The document provides an overview of the history, structure, and policies of the European Union (EU). It discusses the origins and evolution of the EU from the 1950s agreements that formed the European Coal and Steel Community. It describes the main EU institutions like the European Parliament, Council of the EU, European Commission, and courts. It also summarizes some of the EU's key policies and initiatives like the Euro currency, trade relations, and current issues around enlargement.
The European Union is an economic and political union of 27 member states located primarily in Europe. It operates through supranational institutions and intergovernmental decision making between member states. The EU has developed a single market through standardized laws across members and abolished passport controls between most members. It aims to ensure the free movement of goods, capital, people and services. The EU is also home to a monetary union called the Eurozone composed of 17 members using the euro as currency.
The document discusses the potential impacts of Brexit, the UK's withdrawal from the European Union. It provides background on Brexit and the EU. If the UK exits the EU, it could negatively impact the overall European and global economies in the short term through financial market volatility and currency fluctuations. Specific industries in both the UK and EU like business, agriculture, and automotive manufacturing would be affected as well. Indian companies with operations in the UK and EU could see decreased revenues and foreign direct investment if Brexit occurs.
The European Union: Challenges and OpportunitiesJeffrey Hart
The European Union faces several challenges, including sluggish economic growth, high youth unemployment, and the Eurozone debt crisis. The adoption of austerity policies to address budget shortfalls have slowed growth and increased unemployment in some countries. Rising populism and nationalism have increased opposition to EU policies and threatened the stability of the bloc. Events like the Greek debt crisis, Brexit referendum, and the migration crisis have further divided member states and weakened the EU. How the EU addresses these issues will impact its future as both an economic and political union.
The coordination mechanism of the Bulgarian participation in (1)Yoanna Yordanova
Bulgaria joined the EU in 2007 and one of its most important tasks is participating in the EU's decision-making process. The EU uses a three stage process: working groups handle proposals with no time limit; COREPER, comprised of deputy and permanent representatives, prepares work for Council configurations; the Council of the EU, representing member state governments, makes decisions across 10 configurations. Bulgaria participates through 36 working parties that create positions, the Council for European Affairs that approves strategies, and the Council of Ministers that gives mandates to ministers and adopts annual programs.
This document discusses the EU's institutions and policies around enlargement and development. It describes the main EU institutions, including the European Commission, Council of Ministers, European Parliament, and European Council. It then discusses the history of EU enlargement, criteria for membership, and the accession process. Recent and potential future enlargements in countries like Turkey, the Western Balkans, and Iceland are also covered. The document also examines the EU's neighborhood policy and how large the EU may ultimately become geographically. Finally, it outlines the EU's policies in areas like innovation, the environment, technology, energy, and measures to promote solidarity within the single market.
The Lisbon Treaty of 2007 aimed to reform the institutional structure of the European Union. It kept the existing treaties but amended them to make the EU's institutions more efficient and democratic. The Treaty strengthened the EU's role internationally and gave it tools to address challenges like climate change. It also emphasized sustainable development and transparency within the EU. The Treaty went into effect in 2009 after being ratified by all 27 EU member states.
The Committee of the Regions (CoR) is the European Union's (EU) assembly of local and regional representatives that provides sub-national authorities (i.e. regions, counties, provinces, municipalities and cities) with a direct voice within the EU's institutional framework.
This document summarizes recent EU regulatory proposals and developments regarding medical devices, in vitro diagnostics, and clinical trial data transparency. For medical devices, key proposals include stricter rules for notified bodies, more clinical data requirements, and alignment of some terminology with pharmaceuticals. For in vitro diagnostics, conformity assessment will depend more on risk class. Clinical trial data may become publicly available after marketing approval. Overall, the proposals aim to increase transparency but could significantly increase regulatory burden for these industries.
This document discusses the process for bringing a mobile health application to market as a medical device in the European Union. It covers determining if the app meets the definition of a medical device, classifying the device, complying with applicable directives and standards, establishing a quality management system, and obtaining CE marking. The challenges of navigating this regulatory process for an existing app already in app stores are also addressed.
The document provides an overview of regulations and guidelines around the promotion of medical devices in Germany, the Netherlands and the UK. It discusses regulatory requirements, misleading and comparative advertising laws, industry codes of practice, and alternatives to legal action such as making complaints to regulatory or advertising standards authorities. Key points covered include the need for CE marking, restrictions on claims, guidelines around providing information versus promotional materials, and dealing with competitors' advertising claims.
Presentation about transparency under the new MDR and IVDR at Informa Medtech Summit in Clinical evaluations and investigations for medical devices track
This document provides guidance on mobile medical apps according to draft guidelines from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). It discusses the FDA's proposed definition of mobile medical apps and scope of regulation. Certain types of apps, such as those solely for general health and wellness, would not be regulated. The document also discusses who would be considered the manufacturer of a mobile medical app and provides comments on the FDA's draft guidelines, calling for clearer definitions and exemptions for low-risk products. Further steps from the FDA and developments in the EU are also outlined.
Presentation delivered at the RMD 2016 conference (European Symposium on the New Agreed Draft Regulations on Medical Devices) in Prague on 7 November 2016
O documento descreve a história e estrutura da União Europeia. Começou em 1950 com a Declaração de Schuman e cresceu através de tratados como o Tratado de Roma em 1957 e o Tratado de Maastricht em 1992. A UE agora tem 27 países membros e instituições como o Parlamento Europeu, Conselho da União Europeia e Comissão Europeia.
The document summarizes the evolution and current state of the European Union's Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). It traces the CFSP from its origins in the 1970 European Political Cooperation, through important treaties like Maastricht, Amsterdam, Nice, and Lisbon. It describes the key institutions and policies that comprise the modern CFSP, including the High Representative, European External Action Service, Common Security and Defense Policy, and relationships with external partners. In summary, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the historical development and structure of the EU's foreign and security policy apparatus.
Changes in device classification under the EU Medical Devices and In Vitro Di...Erik Vollebregt
Presentation at the Q1 Intensive MDR/IVDR Readiness
and Transition Management Workshop about classification changes under the EU Medical Devices and In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation
Steps to Compliance with the European Medical Device RegulationsApril Bright
The document summarizes proposed changes to the European Medical Device Regulations (MDR). It discusses expanding the regulations to cover clinical investigations in Europe and adverse incident reporting. It outlines the classification system for medical devices and conformity assessment procedures. Key aspects include new definitions, unique device identification requirements, essential safety and performance standards, and requirements for economic operators, notified bodies, and identification/traceability of devices. The European database EUDAMED is also mentioned.
EU General Data Protection Regulation top 8 operational impacts in personal c...Erik Vollebregt
Presentation to the Personal Connected Health Alliance about the top 8 operational impacts of the EU General Data Protection Regulation on companies in the personal connected health field.
A União Europeia é uma organização internacional composta por 27 países membros. Foi estabelecida em 1992 para promover a união entre os povos europeus, a paz, a liberdade e a melhoria das condições de vida. O documento lista os objetivos, instituições e países membros da União Europeia, bem como os tratados e alargamentos ao longo dos anos.
The 1st Poster session about the EU history, institutions and budget was held the 10th of October 2013. Professors and students from “The economics of Spain and the EU” module in Economics and Business faculty, Oviedo University (Spain) discussed about several topics the students had prepared and presented through posters. In this ppt all the posters presented can be consulted.
The group presentation prepared for politics courses. The main goal of current ppt is to prove that we understood the given material, articles, books and official sites of EU commission.
The main focus on the decision -making models and competencies. In addition, the crisisification of the policy-making
The document provides an overview of the four main institutions of the European Union:
1) The EU Commission has 27 commissioners who initiate new laws and ensure existing laws are enforced.
2) The European Parliament has 785 members from EU states who are elected every 5 years and have power to reject budgets and dismiss the Commission.
3) The Council of Ministers comprises 27 ministers from each member state who decide which laws to adopt.
4) The European Court of Justice, located in Luxembourg, has 27 judges and decides cases regarding EU law and ensures member states comply with rulings.
Unfortunately I do not have enough information to determine if there is WiFi available at your specific location. You may want to check for network names displayed on your device, or contact the local organizers or venue staff to ask about available internet access options.
The European Commission acts as the executive branch of the European Union. It is composed of one commissioner from each member state, and it proposes and enforces legislation. The Commission represents the EU internationally in areas like trade negotiations. It is headquartered in Brussels with offices in Luxembourg and representations across the EU. The European Parliament represents EU citizens and is directly elected every five years. Along with the Council, it approves EU legislation and budgets. The Council represents EU governments and is composed of ministers from each member state. It defines EU foreign policy, security policy, and coordinates economic policies.
02 the present eu institutional framework karolinyeszter
The document summarizes the key institutions and decision-making processes of the European Union. It outlines that the EU has expanded from 6 original members to 27 current members through the processes of widening membership and deepening integration. The main EU institutions discussed are the European Council, European Commission, European Parliament, Council of Ministers, Court of Justice, and Court of Auditors. It also describes the roles of these institutions and how decisions are made through various procedures like co-decision, consultation, and assent that involve different combinations of institutions.
The document discusses lobbying in the European Union. It provides an overview of the EU institutions and legislative process, explaining why lobbying is important given that 80% of national laws originate from the EU. It describes the main types of lobbyists as private interests, public interest groups, and governmental actors. It offers tips on how to effectively lobby the different EU institutions, including building relationships and targeting the right decision-makers. Officials are said to respond to data and arguments when lobbying the European Commission.
The Convention has drafted a constitutional treaty and the Intergovernmental Conference will finalize the text in the autumn. The presentation aims to show the major changes made by the Convention to the Treaty of Nice, including simplifying the treaties, clarifying competences, extending qualified majority voting, and strengthening the role of the European Parliament and national parliaments. The Charter of Fundamental Rights will also become legally binding.
The document provides an overview of lobbying and the EU legislative process. It begins with definitions of lobbying and discusses the main EU institutions involved in the legislative process - the European Commission, European Parliament, and Council of the European Union. It then outlines the key stages of the EU legislative process, highlighting opportunities for lobbyists to engage with different institutions as proposals move through first and second readings in Parliament and the Council.
The document provides an overview of lobbying in the European Union. It begins with definitions of lobbying and discusses the key EU institutions involved in the legislative process - the European Parliament, European Commission, and Council of the European Union. It then explains the steps of the EU legislative process, from a Commission proposal, through discussions and amendments in Parliament and the Council, to final adoption of legislation. The document aims to inform readers about how lobbying interacts with EU policymaking.
The document provides an overview of the European Union, including its history, institutions, policies, and key facts and figures. It summarizes that the EU is a political and economic union of 28 member countries with over 500 million citizens. Key institutions that govern the EU include the European Parliament, Council of Ministers, European Commission, and European Council. The document outlines the EU's founding principles of cooperation, unity, and shared prosperity.
The document provides an overview of the EU institutions and legislative process, and discusses why lobbying is important in Brussels. It describes the key EU bodies like the European Commission, European Parliament, and Council of Ministers. It explains the legislative process and how a proposal becomes EU law. It also outlines the many actors involved in lobbying, including industry groups, think tanks, consultants, and others seeking to influence EU policymaking.
Everything you need to know about the European union EUintheUS
The document provides an overview of the history and structure of the European Union (EU). It discusses the origins of the EU in establishing coal and steel cooperation after World War 2. Key treaties and milestones that advanced European integration are highlighted, leading to the current 28 member states. The major institutions of the EU are described, including the European Council, European Commission, European Parliament, and European Court of Justice. The stages of European enlargement and criteria for joining the EU are outlined. The document also summarizes the EU's role on the global stage and areas of cooperation with the United States.
The document provides information about the structure and institutions of the European Union (EU) and the 7th Framework Programme (FP7). It describes the four main treaties that established the EU and its pillars. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of the main EU institutions: the European Parliament, Council of the EU, European Commission, and their various departments and directorates general. It also summarizes the principal structure of EU research funding, including the framework programmes, specific programmes, and participation rules.
The Council is made up of ministers from EU national governments who take turns holding the six-month Council Presidency. Which ministers attend meetings depends on the topic being discussed. The Council's main jobs are to pass EU laws, normally shared with the European Parliament, and adopt the EU budget. Decisions are made by majority vote, qualified majority, or unanimously depending on the subject. Qualified majority voting requires at least 255 of 347 votes in favor from a majority of member states representing 62% of the EU population.
The document provides an overview of securities rulemaking in the European Union for U.S. asset managers. It discusses that rulemaking is complicated due to differing terminology, processes occurring at multiple levels of government, and ongoing changes. The key players in EU securities rulemaking are outlined, including the European Commission, European Parliament, Council of the European Union, ESMA, and member states. The four-level rulemaking process is described, from Level 1 legislative acts to Level 4 enforcement. Major securities-related EU legislation is also summarized.
The document summarizes the key institutions of the European Union - the European Commission, European Council, Council of Ministers, European Parliament, and European Court of Justice. It describes the roles and functions of each institution, such as the Commission proposing policies and legislation, the Council of Ministers representing member states' interests, and the European Court of Justice ensuring uniform application of EU law. It also discusses the judicial and supervisory roles of the European Court of Justice in resolving disputes between EU bodies and member states.
The document summarizes the key events leading to the formation of the European Community from 1945-1957. After World War 2, there was renewed interest in forming a united Europe to prevent future wars and foster cooperation. The European Coal and Steel Community was formed in 1951 between France, Germany, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg to integrate their coal and steel industries. In 1957, the Treaties of Rome established the European Economic Community and Euratom to create a common market and coordinate nuclear energy research in Europe. This laid the foundation for increased economic and political integration across Europe.
European Union: Single European Act till Maastricht Treaty (1956-1986)Rahul Nair
The Single European Act of 1986 aimed to complete the European single market by 1992. It helped overcome barriers by removing physical, fiscal, and technical barriers. It also qualified majority voting over unanimity. The Maastricht Treaty of 1992 formalized European integration by establishing the three pillars of the European Union - European Communities, Common Foreign and Security Policy, and Justice and Home Affairs. It laid the groundwork for the euro currency and greater political and economic integration in Europe despite facing challenges from the economic crisis and lack of public support in some countries.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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11. ECSC
• Coordination
between high
authority and
the member
states
• In some cases,
monitoring the
high authority
ECSC to EEC
• Commission set
up to replace
the High
authority
• Significant
transferral of
power in favor
of the Council
• Member states
now had a
greater say
From SEA to
Maastricht
treaty
• more decisions
using qualified-
majority voting
in the Council
Treaty of Nice
• Weighting of
votes in the
Council
A historical perspective on the role of Council
15. Common Foreign and Security Policy
Other policy areas(Ordinary Legislative
Procedure)
Intergovernmentalism
1
• Initiates new policy
lines
2
• Coordination among
member states
3
• High representatives
may make proposal The
Decision-making
triangle
European
Commission
European
Parliament
Council of
Ministers
16. Budget Authorization
Import duties
Value Added
Tax
Transfer from
Member States
Sources Budget of 140 billion Euros
Use of annual budget
Agricultural
Subsidies
Development
Common
Foreign Policy
Administration
18. Coordination of national policies
1
• National competence retained
2
• Common goals set
3
• Open method of coordination
4
• Non binding policy guidelines
22. Presidency of the Council
Rotation after every 6 months
Competent ministers of the presiding member state chair the respective
council configurations
23. Presidency and its influence
1
• Administrative tasks
2
• Setting political priorities
3
• Mediate between other member
states to resolve controversy
4
• Represents council in conciliation
committee
26. Rotation of Presidencies: Good or Bad?
FOR AGAINST
Allows leaders of member states to
convene meetings and launch
initiatives on issues of national interest
EU is huge- so is the workload,
difficult to handle for a small country
such as Cyprus
Allows countries/leaders to earn
prestige and credibility
Countries take nearly forever to get
the presidency back- with 28 states, the
waiting period is about 14 years!!
Allows small EU countries to directly
interact with other world leaders
Makes the EU feel closer to home for
the country holding the presidency
27. Regulations
• Most Powerful
• Directly applicable,
binding in entirety
•Take immediate effect
on a specified date
• Narrow in intent
•Designed to adjust
existing laws
Directives
• Binding in terms of
goals
•Member states need
to decide how they
will achieve those
goals
•Include a date by
which action is
expected
•Member states need
to inform Commission
about their activities
•Example: Directive to
reduce pollution from
large industrial plants
Decisions
• Binding in entirety,
though fairly specific
in intent
• Aimed at specific
member states,
institutions, or even
individuals
•Make changes to
powers of Institutions
• Internal
administrative matters
•Example:. Setting
standard prices for
vegetables
Recs & Opinions
• No binding force!
• Used to test reaction
to a new EU policy
• Used to persuade
/provide
interpretation on the
application of
regulations, directives
and decisions
•Example: Express a
view to a member
state
31. EU Enlargement
Proposals for
new laws
Prepares the
dossier for the
European Council
Coordinates the
work of the other
9 configurations
The most important council configuration
Responsible for all policy areas that the rest of the configurations do not cover
Responsible for the multi-annual budgetary perspective
Action Areas
32. CFSP+CDSP Trade
Development
Cooperation
Humanitarian
Aid
Action Areas
Most Unique Configuration- Chaired by the “Foreign Minister for the EU”- The
High Representative
Sensitive area, hence voting is by unanimity instead of QMV
Ministers try to agree on a “Common European Position” in all Foreign Policy
Matters
Unlike other decisions, the Parliament and the Commission have almost no say
Example: The FAC held an emergency meeting on March 3rd ’ 2014 to oppose
the Russian deployment of armed forces in Crimea.
33. Economic Policy
Co-ordination
Economic
Surveillance
Monitor
Member States
Budgets
Monitor Public
Finances
Euro
Financial
Markets/Capital
Movement
Economic
Relations with
Third Countries
Action Areas
Voting happens by QMV, except for fiscal policy-Unanimity
Prepares the budget along with the European Parliament
Decisions regarding the Euro are only taken by countries which have the Euro as
the currency
36. COUNCIL COREPER
Heads of diplomatic missions from the member states to the EU-Prepare the
meetings of the Council
Chaired by the Presidency of the Council of the European Union
Acts like a link between Brussels and National Governments-conveys views of
national governments, and also keeps them up-to-date about the developments in
Brussels
37. COREPER
COREPER I COREPER IISpecialized
Committees
Working
groups
Specialized
Committees
Working
groups
Senior
diplomats from
EU Member
States
38. COREPER
II: Heads of
Delegations
I: Deputy Heads
of Delegations
Chair: Member State
holding Presidency
Lower ranking officials, specialized
issues
All issues not covered in COREPER II
High ranking officials
Most important issues concerning
- External Relations
- Economic Policy
- Judicial Matters
- Covers GAC, ECONFIN and JHA
Both I and II prepare the council’s agenda, and try to
reach a consensus on as many points as possible
Both I and II prepare and perform a preliminary scrutiny of the
council’s agenda, and try to reach a consensus on as many points as
possible so that the council’s work is easy
39. COREPER
Committees
Working groups
Council
Committees and Working groups have significant indirect influence in
decision making, as they are the people who make the initial
standpoint on a legislation
Committees
Focus on highly specialized issues
Political and Security Committee
Special Committee on Agriculture(SCA
Respond to suggestions made by the
Parliament as part of OLP
Working groups
Made up of National Diplomats
Around 200 to 300 groups work at any
given point of time, on a wide array of
issues
Report directly to the COREPER or the
SCA
40. Ultimately, the COREPER will influence how the Council will handle a
certain matter
Items in the Council’s agenda are divided into 3 categories:
AItems
The COREPER has reached
a consensus. The Council
does not need to discuss in
detail.
Council can still reject
IItems
No Ministerial decision is
required
B Items
The COREPER has NOT
reached a consensus. The
Council needs to discuss
Usually returned back!
43. Commercial Competition
Internal
Market
Default since treaty of Lisbon
>90% of decisions
Triple Majority
- # Votes /Member State (>260/352)
- # Member States (>15/28)
- Population they represent (>62%)
Double Majority (w.e.f Nov ‘14)
- 1 vote per country
- # Member States (>55%)
- Population they represent (>65%)
- Blocking Minority
47. Concept of the Council of the EU: Good or Bad?
FOR AGAINST
Enables decision-making to remain
in the hands of state ministers
Council meetings can happen in
secret on issues that do not relate to
legislation
Council more accountable than
Commission-ministers answerable to
national parliaments
QMV system means countries have
decisions forced upon them
Intergovernmental in nature,
balances the supranational power of
the EU
"The EU is the only legislature in the world, except North Korea, that still makes
laws in secret." - Open letter from British Conservative MEPs to the EU,
September 2005.
51. Compromise Diplomacy
Bargaining
Decisions in the council heavily motivated by national political
interests
Views of ministers ideologically driven, authority will depend on the
strength/ stability of the governing party at home
Does not have the same structural regularity that the commission
enjoys