EURO Education - is an open educational platform aimed at improving the legal literacy with focus on eurointegration and eurocommunity. In collaboration with leading experts on european integration we keen to reveal the complex legal and political issues in simple terms. EURO Education is designed not only as educational web-site with useful articles, videos and infographics lectures, it is also a platform aimed to bring connection and cohesion among young people from all the Europe.
Web-site: http://www.euroeducation.in.ua
EURO Education - is an open educational platform aimed at improving the legal literacy with focus on eurointegration and eurocommunity. In collaboration with leading experts on european integration we keen to reveal the complex legal and political issues in simple terms. EURO Education is designed not only as educational web-site with useful articles, videos and infographics lectures, it is also a platform aimed to bring connection and cohesion among young people from all the Europe.
Web-site: http://www.euroeducation.in.ua
BREXIT (Britain Exit) The Reasons & ImpactsSlide Gen
BREXIT_The Reasons & Impacts
Brexit is an abbreviation of "British exit". In 23 June 2016 Britain came out from European Union (EU) by the Vote of Britain’s people.
After Having 43 years of membership this great country makes this big decision. In 1973 United Kingdom got the membership in EU to expand the business among 28 members and share a common economical system.
BREXIT (Britain Exit) The Reasons & ImpactsSlide Gen
BREXIT_The Reasons & Impacts
Brexit is an abbreviation of "British exit". In 23 June 2016 Britain came out from European Union (EU) by the Vote of Britain’s people.
After Having 43 years of membership this great country makes this big decision. In 1973 United Kingdom got the membership in EU to expand the business among 28 members and share a common economical system.
The 1st Poster session about the EU history, institutions and budget was held the 10th of October 2013. Professors and students from “The economics of Spain and the EU” module in Economics and Business faculty, Oviedo University (Spain) discussed about several topics the students had prepared and presented through posters. In this ppt all the posters presented can be consulted.
הטמפרטורה העולמית הממוצעת היא הפרמטר המופיע ברוב הגרפים המתארים את השתנות הטמפרטורה עם הזמן.
גרפים אלה מוצגים כדי להציג בפני קהל הקוראים והשומעים את המגמה העולה של הטמפרטורה הממוצעת העולמית.
בדיון על גרפים אלה לא מציינים בפני הקוראים שתי עובדות חשובות:
האחת כל "בנקי הנתונים" בעולם מתקנים את הנתונים שנמדדו, לדוגמה הגרף הבא מציג את נתוני הטמפרטורה לפני התיקון ואחריו.
2022 marks the 6th year in which the Israeli Atlas Award event will be held in cooperation with the Ayn Rand Center, TheMarker and other leading partners such as the Prometheus foundation, Dow Gr. and Karyopharm Therapeutics. The prize will be granted to the Israeli start-up company which created a new technology, idea or product of exceptional value in Israel and worldwide.
יום ראשון השבוע אזל החשמל בישראל. ככה. כמו שקראתם. כושר הייצור פשוט מוצה. תחנות הכוח שלנו הגיעו לקצה יכולתן.
לכן, בשעה 13:00 קיבלו צרכני חשמל גדולים הודעה שלפיה אם למשך ארבע שעות, בין 17:30 ל-21:30, יואילו בטובם להתנתק מהרשת ולא לצרוך חשמל — הם יקבלו בתמורה סכום נדיב למדי. עד פי 15 מעלות החשמל שהיו צורכים, היישר לכיס. דיל לא רע. "השלה מרצון" שמו.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
5. GOALS
Principles of the EU
Background: EU / UK relations
Background: Rule of Law issues
Background: Economic issues
6. EU TIMELINE
1952: European Coal & Steel Community
1957/9: European Economic Community
1973: Enlargement #1: UK & Friends
1981/1986: Enlargement #2: Southern Expansion
1992: European Union
1995: Enlargement #3: Neutral Countries
2004: Enlargement #4: Eastern Expansion
2007: Lisbon Treaty
8. 1952 – EUROPEAN COAL & STEEL COMMUNITY
Goal: peace through trade.
Why did they join?
NL & DE – competitive coal & steel
BE – competitive steel, bad coal
LX – economic union with BE
FR & IT – needed coal & steel
Why no UK?
Nationalized coal
Trade with US & Commonwealth
10. SOME CONCEPTS
Free Trade Area: No internal obstacles to trade.
Customs Union: Single external tariff.
Common Market: Four Freedoms
Goods
Capital
Labor
Services
Economic Union: Common macroeconomic policies.
11. 1973 – BRITAIN JOINS THE EU
UK economic & political realities
shifted post-war.
UK tried to join in 1961,
rejected.
Joins in 1973: has to pay into the
CAP.
Lobbied for Common Market in
1983.
12. 1992 – EUROPEAN UNION
Maastricht Treaty forms European Union
Sets up European Monetary Union (later: Euro)
Inflation: Max 1.5% over lowest.
Deficit: Max 3% of GDP.
Debt: Max 60% of GDP.
Interest: Max 2% over lowest.
Sets up Common Foreign & Security Policy
Sets up Cooperation in Justice & Home Affairs
Replaced by 2007 Lisbon Treaty
13. COPENHAGEN CRITERIA
Political
Democracy
Rule of Law
Human Rights
Protection of Minorities
Economic
Market Economy
Maastricht Criteria
Legislative:
Adopt EU Law, Acquis
Communautaire
14. FRICTIONS
Widening vs. Deepening
Common perception: widening
prevents deepening.
Econ. Strong vs. Weak States
Strong feel that weak are
freeloaders.
Weak feel oppressed & abused
by strong.
15. HISTORY - TAKEAWAYS
Purpose: Peace.
Method: Economic interdependence.
Tension between Widening & Deepening
Tension between Rich/Poor, Strong/Weak
UK & EU: starting off on the wrong foot
17. “Who do I call if I
want to call Europe?”
-Henry Kissinger
18. GOALS
How does the EU work?
How is EU law made?
How democratic is the EU?
Who’s in charge?
19. AGENDA
1. High-level overview of EU institutions
2. Appointment & election of institutions
3. Deep dive
4. How EU Laws are passed
5. Frictions
20. 2.1 HIGH-LEVEL OVERVIEW
The EU has 7 institutions:
Executive
European Council – compare to Presidency & Council of State
European Commission – compare to Prime Minister & Cabinet
Legislative
Council of the European Union – compare to Senate / Lords
European Parliament – compare to House of Reps / Commons
Judicial
Court of Justice of the EU – compare to Supreme Court
Other
European Central Bank – compare to Central Bank
Court of Auditors
22. 2.3.1 EUROPEAN COUNCIL
Membership: 28 Heads of State/Government
President: Donald Tusk → Charles Michel
Voting: QMV QMV: 55% of countries, 65% population
Responsibilities:
Sets EU policy agenda, “impetus and direction”
Appoints High Representative.
Appoints President of ECB.
Proposes President of Commission.
Sometimes political power, “emergency brake”
Representation abroad, “collective Head of State”
23. 2.3.2 EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Membership: 28 Commissioners (1 + 7 + 20)
President: J-C Juncker → Ursula von der Leyen
Voting: Consensus / Simple Majority
Responsibilities:
Day-to-day executive.
Initiates legislation.
Adopts Decisions (similar to Executive Orders).
Implements policy.
Administers & disburses the EU Budget.
Administers executive agencies.
Tidbits: 32,000 bureaucrats, Berlaymont building.
24. 2.3.3 COUNCIL OF THE EU
Membership: 28 relevant ministers
Depends on subject-matter, like agriculture or education.
President: Finland, rotates every 6 months.
Voting: QMV / Consensus
4 countries representing 35% of population can block.
Issues of sovereignty: don’t need EP, needs unanimity.
Responsibilities:
Legislative power.
Budgetary power.
Common Foreign & Security Policy (CFSP).
Joint Actions & Common Positions
Usually: co-decision with Parliament.
25. 2.3.4 EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
Membership: 751 MEPs
President: David Sassoli (S&D)
Seat: Brussels, Strasbourg, Luxembourg
Voting: Simple / Absolute Majority
Responsibilities:
Legislative power.
No approval needed on certain issues.
Budgetary power: before & after spending.
Elects European Commission.
Oversight over Commission (no-confidence vote)
Usually: co-decision with Parliament.
26. 2.3.4 EP – POLITICAL GROUPS
European People’s Party - 182
Christian Democrats, e.g. CDU
Socialists & Democrats - 154
Social Democrats, e.g. Labour, SPD
Renew Europe - 108
Liberals, e.g. LibDems, En Marche
Greens - 74
Greens, e.g. DE Greens, UK Greens
Identity & Democracy - 73
Eurosceptics, e.g. La Liga, Le Pen
Conservatives (ECR) - 62
Conservatives, e.g. Tories, Law & Justice
United Left - Nordic Green Left - 41
Hard Left, e.g. Syriza, Die Linke
‘Non-Inscrits’ - 57
27. 2.3.5 OTHER INSTITUTIONS
European Court of Justice
Court of Justice: 28 justices.
Interpretation of EU law.
Settle disputes between EU institution.
Can fine member states.
European Central Bank
Monetary policy of Eurozone.
Mario Draghi → Christine Lagarde.
Court of Auditors
Review budget.
Never, ever approved one.
28. 2.4 PASSING OF EU LAW
Ordinary Legislative Procedure
Initiative: European Commission
Can be requested by other institutions.
Can be requested by popular demand.
Co-Decision of Parliament & Council
Regulation Directive Decision
Binding on all
Defined ‘how’
Needs EP & Council
29. 2.5 INHERENT FRICTIONS
Democratic Deficit
Parliament vs. European Council
Member States blame EU
National Interest vs. EU Interest
Difficulty to make decisions
31. INSTITUTIONS - TAKEAWAYS
European Council: National
Leaders
Commission: Executive
Parliament & Council: Bicameral
Legislature
Complex system of making laws
encourages scapegoating.
37. 3.1 EUROSCEPTICS IN NATIONAL PARLIAMENTS
Share of Eurosceptics in latest elections:
Italy: Liga & 5Star – 70%
Latvia: KPV, NA & ZZS – 35%
Austria: FPO – 26%
Sweden: SD – 18%
Netherlands: PVV & FvD – 15%
Germany: AfD – 13%
38. 3.2 VISEGRAD GROUP
Alliance of
Hungary
Poland
Czech Republic
Slovakia
United in fight against communism,
reignited recently.
39. 3.2 HUNGARY
Viktor Orban – Fidesz.
Elected in 2010
Constitution amended in 2013 & soon.
2014: “Illiberal Democracy”
Consolidation of media
Expulsion of NGOs
Attacking minorities.
60% of tenders: 1 bidder
40. 3.2 POLAND
Law and Justice party
De facto led by Jarosław Kaczyński
Elected in 2015
Constitution amended in 2015
Weakening of supreme court.
Directly appointing court by executive.
41. 3.2 ISSUES IN DEALING WITH RULE OF LAW
Article 7 of the EU Treaty:
Allows the EU to remove voting
power of member states.
Requires consensus.
Illiberal states back each other
up.
42. 3.3 BREXIT
Recap:
EU/UK relations fraught from the beginning.
UK feels they were taken advantage of by UK
Cameron promised referendum.
Referendum:
Take Back Control
Migration
Money to NHS
Ending EU regulations
Ending ECJ oversight
2016 referendum: 52% - 48%
43. 3.3 BREXIT
Irish border issue
What’s a backstop?
Commons against
everything.
Result: Johnson PM.
What’s next?
44. 3.4 EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT ELECTIONS
European People’s Party – 182 (-34)
Socialists & Democrats – 154 (-31)
Renew Europe – 108 (+39)
Greens – 74 (+22)
Identity & Democracy - 73 (+37*)
ID gained 37 seats, EFDD lost 42.
5SM, Brexit, Golden Dawn, Jobbik NI
Eurosceptics gained, somewhat.
Conservatives (ECR) – 62 (-15)
Nordic Green Left – 41(-11)
‘Non-Inscrits’ – 57 (+37)
48. 3.4 VON DER LEYEN COMMISSION
Von der Leyen: highly unpopular
German Social Democrats
Greens
European Parliament in general
Had to promise many things:
Power of initiative to European Parliament.
Restoring Spitzenkandidaten.
Ambitious climate goals.
EU where “nobody’s perfect”