The document summarizes the key institutions of the European Union - the European Commission, European Council, Council of Ministers, European Parliament, and European Court of Justice. It describes the roles and functions of each institution, such as the Commission proposing policies and legislation, the Council of Ministers representing member states' interests, and the European Court of Justice ensuring uniform application of EU law. It also discusses the judicial and supervisory roles of the European Court of Justice in resolving disputes between EU bodies and member states.
Part of an English for International Communication course, focussing on English as language of administration in the EU. Delivered to third-year undergraduates at the Epirus Institute of Technology (ΤΕΙ Ηπείρου)
Part of an English for International Communication course, focussing on English as language of administration in the EU. Delivered to third-year undergraduates at the Epirus Institute of Technology (ΤΕΙ Ηπείρου)
Presentation delivered as part of the free Advanced Legislation Seminar in Portcullis House, London on Monday 8 November 2010, which looked at amendments to Bills and European and delegated legislation.
У Страсбурзі презентовано звіт CEPEJ щодо ефективності та якості правосуддяPravotv
8–9 грудня 2020 року відбувається 34-те пленарне засідання Європейської комісії з питань ефективності правосуддя Ради Європи (CEPEJ - Council of Europe / Conseil de l'Europe).
Presentation delivered as part of the free Advanced Legislation Seminar in Portcullis House, London on Monday 8 November 2010, which looked at amendments to Bills and European and delegated legislation.
У Страсбурзі презентовано звіт CEPEJ щодо ефективності та якості правосуддяPravotv
8–9 грудня 2020 року відбувається 34-те пленарне засідання Європейської комісії з питань ефективності правосуддя Ради Європи (CEPEJ - Council of Europe / Conseil de l'Europe).
EURO Education - is an open educational platform aimed at improving the legal literacy with focus on eurointegration and eurocommunity. In collaboration with leading experts on european integration we keen to reveal the complex legal and political issues in simple terms. EURO Education is designed not only as educational web-site with useful articles, videos and infographics lectures, it is also a platform aimed to bring connection and cohesion among young people from all the Europe.
Web-site: http://www.euroeducation.in.ua
Instructions Your initial post should be at least 500 words T.docxmaoanderton
Instructions: Your initial post should be at least 500 words
The readings this week apply different theoretical perspectives to analyze the European Union as a regional IO. For example, in the articles, we read about rationalism, social constructivism, multi-level governance, enforcement and management theory, and more. In addition, the lesson notes discuss intergovernmentalism, supranationalism, and veto player theory. Which theoretical perspective(s) do you find the most persuasive and why when it comes to analyzing EU policymaking? Which is the least persuasive and why? Please incorporate specific examples to support your arguments.
Reading and references:
Lesson 7 | Regional Organizations: The European Union
In this lesson, we will turn our attention to regional organizations, taking the European Union (EU) as our case study. We examine and assess several theories that explain how EU policy-making works. At the end of this lesson, students will be able to:
Examine the institutions of the EU
Assess important issues in EU policymaking
Apply concepts and theories about IOs to the operation of the EU
The European Union (EU): An Overview
The purpose of this lesson is not to master the history of European integration; rather, we focus here on setting up the framework for the study of the European Union (EU) as a regional organization. It makes sense to approach the complex processes of economic enlargement and political integration by first providing a brief overview of the different key stages of enlargement.
View the interactive map of the current EU member states. This is worth taking 10 minutes to explore. You can filter by states using the euro currency, by prospective member states, and more.
EU Website
1951
Six states enter into the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC): Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and West Germany.
1957
The six states enter into the Treaty of Rome. This treaty extended the European Coal and Steel Community, established a customs union through the creation of the European Economic Community (EEC), and created the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) for cooperation in developing nuclear energy.
1973
The first enlargement occurs with the membership of Denmark, Ireland, and the UK (for a total of 9 total members).
1979
This year marks the first direct, democratic elections to the European Parliament.
1981
Greece enters into full membership, in part to “lock in” democracy after a period of military dictatorship. With Greece’s membership, the total stands at 10 members.
1986
Spain and Portugal become members, bringing the total to 12.
1990
East Germany was folded in by way of its unification with West Germany after the fall of the Berlin Wall.
1993
The Maastricht Treaty formally establishes the European Union (EU).
1995
Austria, Finland, and Sweden join the EU, bringing the total to 15 members.
2002
The Euro is introduced as the.
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
04062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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El Puerto de Algeciras continúa un año más como el más eficiente del continente europeo y vuelve a situarse en el “top ten” mundial, según el informe The Container Port Performance Index 2023 (CPPI), elaborado por el Banco Mundial y la consultora S&P Global.
El informe CPPI utiliza dos enfoques metodológicos diferentes para calcular la clasificación del índice: uno administrativo o técnico y otro estadístico, basado en análisis factorial (FA). Según los autores, esta dualidad pretende asegurar una clasificación que refleje con precisión el rendimiento real del puerto, a la vez que sea estadísticamente sólida. En esta edición del informe CPPI 2023, se han empleado los mismos enfoques metodológicos y se ha aplicado un método de agregación de clasificaciones para combinar los resultados de ambos enfoques y obtener una clasificación agregada.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
An astonishing, first-of-its-kind, report by the NYT assessing damage in Ukraine. Even if the war ends tomorrow, in many places there will be nothing to go back to.
2. Objectives To understand what happens in the Council, Commission and Parliament To understand what role the European Court of Justice plays in the European Union
4. The Commission The Commission is composed of 27 members, called Commissioners. They are appointed by the member states, subject to approval by the European Parliament. They remain as representatives for 5 years.
5. The Commission The Commissioners do not represent their own countries: they are independent, and their role is to represent the interests of the EU overall. Catherine Ashton
11. insufficient control of the agricultural and regional aid funds - which account for 80% of the EU's budget - whose complexity makes them "vulnerable to fraud"
14. Council of Ministers Represents the interest of individual member states. In each meeting the members, one from each country, are national government ministers chosen according to the subject under discussion. The Council meets most weeks to agree legislation and policy.
16. European Parliament Composed of 785 members (MEP’s), who are directly elected in their own countries. Elections are held every 5 years. They take part in the legislative process and plays a variety of roles in connection with other institutions.
17. European Parliament It acts as a supervisor over the Commission. Parliament reports on the Council 3 times a year, and the President of the Council is obliged to address the Parliament once a year, followed by a debate. Parliament appoints an Ombudsman, who investigates complaints of maladministration by EU institutions from individuals and MEP’s.
19. European Court of Justice The ECJ supervises the uniform application of EU law throughout the member states, and therefore can create case law. It is separate to the European Court of Human Rights, which deals with alleged breaches of human rights by countries who are signatories to the European Convention on Human Rights.
20. European Court of Justice It sits in Luxemburg. It has 27 judges who are appointed by agreement among member states, for a period of 6 years. The judges are assisted by 8 Advocates General, who produce opinions on the cases assigned to them, indicating the issues raised and suggesting conclusions.
21. European Court of Justice Most cases are heard in plenary session, that is with all the judges sitting together. Only one judgement will be delivered, giving no indication of the extent of agreement between the judges. It can be hard to see the ratio decidendi. Since 1989, the ECJ has been assisted by the new Court of First Instance to deal with economic law cases.
22. Judicial Role of the ECJ The ECJ hears cases of dispute between the parties, which fall into 2 categories: proceedings against member states, and proceedings against European institutions. Commission European Council Council of Ministers European Union European Court of Justice European Parliament
23. Judicial Role of the ECJ Re Tachographs: EC Commission v UK (1979) The ECJ upheld a complaint against the UK for failing to implement a European regulation making it compulsory for lorries used to carry dangerous goods to be fitted with tachographs (devices used to record the speed and distance travelled, with the aim of preventing lorry drivers from speeding, or from driving for longer than the permitted number of hours). The Commission usually gives the member state the opportunity to put things right before bringing the case to the ECJ
24. Judicial Role of the ECJ United Kingdom v Council of the European Union (1996) The UK sought to have the Directive on the 48-hour working week annulled on the basis that it had been unlawfully adopted by the Council. The application was unsuccessful.
25. Supervisory Role Article 234 of the Treaty of Rome Provides that any court or tribunal in a member state may refer a question on EU law to the ECJ if it considers that “a decision on that question is necessary to enable it to give judgment”. This makes sure that the law is interpreted the same throughout Europe.
26. Supervisory Role Customs and Excise Commissioners v APS Samex (1983) Bingham J pointed out that, in interpreting European Law, the Court of Justice has certain advantages over national courts; it can take a panoramic view of the whole of European law, compare the legislation as it is written in different member states’ languages, and it is experienced in the purposive approach to interpretation for which European legislation was designed.
27. Supervisory Role R v International Stock Exchange, ex parte Else 1993) The same judge said that if, once the facts have been found, it is clear that an issue of European law is vital to a court’s final decision, that court should normally make an Art.234 referral: English courts should only decide such issues without referral if they have real confidence that they can do so correctly, without the help of the ECJ.
28. Supervisory Role Marshall v Southampton and South West Hampshire Area Health Authority (1986) Miss Marshall, a dietitian, was compulsory retired by the Authority from her job when she was 62, although she wished to continue until she was 65. It was the Authority’s policy that the normal retiring age for its employees was the age at which state retirement pensions became payable. She claimed the Authority was discriminating against women as it required women to retire before men. It was argued to be contrary to a Council directive providing for equal treatment of men and women. The national court made reference to the ECJ asking for directions. The ECJ found that there was a conflict with UK law, and the UK later changed its legislation to conform.