Cotton is a Kharif crop, used in making clothes and in the textile industry. This Kharif crop requires 6-8 months to mature. It’s sown in April-may and harvested in December-January before the winter frost can damage the crop.

1. Cotton
Production
in India
– Process &
Benefits of Cotton
Farming!

2. Description
Cotton is a Kharif crop, used in making
clothes and in the textile industry. This Kharif
crop requires 6-8 months to mature. It’s sown
in April-may and harvested in
December-January before the winter frost
can damage the crop. For planting, it requires
high-temperature soil. The history of cotton
dates back to 5000 BC. Around 5000 BC the
cotton fibers and boll fragments were found
in Mexico. Cotton has been used in India and
Egypt for 5000 years.

3. Description
Types of Cotton in India
There are three types of
cotton available. Based on
the strength, length, and
structure of its fiber.

4. 1. Long Staple Cotton
As per the name, it is the longest fiber, length
varies from 24 to 27 mm. This fiber is long,
shining, and fine. This fiber helps to make
superior and fine quality cloth. Long-staple
cotton is the most used cotton in India that
comes at a low Kapas price. The major
producing states of long-staple cotton are
Punjab, Maharashtra, MP, Tamilnadu, Haryana,
AP, and Gujarat.

5. 2. Medium Staple Cotton
In Medium staple cotton, the fiber length is
between 20 mm to 24 mm. Almost 44% of
total Kapas production is a medium staple.
Major states are Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka,
Madhya Pradesh, Tamilnadu, Punjab,
Rajasthan, and Maharashtra. A medium
staple is the second most used fiber in
India, it provides good quality clothes. It’s
available at an economical price.

6. 3. Short Staple Cotton
A short staple is the shortest fiber and
inferior cotton. The length of short-staple
cotton is less than 20 mm. It manufactured
inferior cloth at a low price. Short staple
cotton produces about 6% of total
production. The main producers of
short-staple cotton are AP, UP, Haryana,
Punjab, and Haryana.

7. Cotton Production
Process in India
Here, we are showing cotton
processing steps.

8. Planting
The first step of cotton production is to prepare
the land for planting by creating furrows in the
soil. The cotton planting season is early February
and late June. With the help of direct water
irrigation and furrows, the soil warms faster.
When the soil temperature reaches 65 degrees,
the soil is ready for planting. Farmers will plant
the seed in the soil.
For planting and soil preparation farmers should
use heavy farm machines like a harrow, cultivator,
land leveler, etc., with tractors. Soil preparation
improves the quality of soil for good production.

9. Growing
In the next step, we see the growth of plants.
After 1-2 weeks of planting the seed sprouts
up from the soil. After 8-10 weeks, the plant
blooms and grows 2-5 feet tall. The flower
pollinates itself and changes from a creamy
white color to pinkish-red within three days.
After this process the flower withers and falls
off, leaving behind the developing boll. At
about 10 weeks the cotton boll develops.

10. Boll Opening
In the third step, the cotton bolls open so
that the dry white bolls can evaporate, can
clean the fiber, and fluff it up. With this
process, the cotton crops are ready to be
harvested. The cotton bolls open after the
50-70 days of bloom.

11. Picking
This step needs the farm machine which
removes the fiber from the plant. The cotton
picker or cotton harvesting farm machine used
to harvest the cotton, the process called
picking. The machine can harvest up to 6-8
rows at a time. The cotton harvesting season
is early July or late October.

12. Modules
In the step, the picker’s cotton dumped
on the ground and compressed with a
hydraulic module builder to make a
module. The modules are left in the
field for storage.

13. Ginning
In this process, the modules transported to the
cotton gin, where the cotton dried, cleaned, and
the fiber mechanically separated from the
cotton. The gin is a machine made with
circular saws which separate the raw fiber
through ribs. The ribs are used to avoid the
seed from passing. The machine carefully
separates the fiber from cottonseed.

14. Cottonseed
After the separation of cottonseed, it is
suitable for making cotton oil, cotton
meal, hulls, and other important things.

15. Cotton Fiber
In this process, the raw fiber, called lint,
is pressed into bales. Cotton fiber makes
clothes, textiles, and many more. The
bales are packed with eight steel straps,
tested by experts, wrapped with full
protection, and exported to the yards,
mills, and other countries.

16. Benefits of Cotton
Production
1. Cotton is much beneficial for cloths,
bedsheets, curtains, and jackets.
2. The seed oil of cotton is good for food
and cosmetics.
3. It is profitable for coffee filters, oil,
plastics, and rubber.

17. Here we are showing cotton production in India state wise. The data comes from the cotton
advisory board report in 2020. Gujarat is the largest cotton crop-producing state in India.
Which is the Largest Cotton Producing State in India?

18. ● Gujarat
The leading cotton producer in India is Gujarat. It
produces 95 Lakh bales of cotton in India and covers
26.59 lakh hectares. Due to annual rainfall and black
soil, This state is a profitable region for cotton
production in India 2019-20. The popular cotton
production regions are Vadodara, Mehsana, Bharuch,
Surendranagar, and Ahmedabad. Gujarat is a central
state for the textile industry due to the huge
production of cotton.
● Maharashtra
Maharashtra is the largest producer of cotton in India
and produced 82 lakh bales of cotton in India. The
cotton production covers 42.54 lakh hectares in
Maharashtra. The largest cotton-producing regions of
Maharashtra are Yavatmal, Vidarbha, Khandesh,
Marathwada, Akola, Wardha, and Amravati.

19. ● Telangana
Telangana produces about 53 lakh bales of cotton
and covers 18.27 lakh hectares in India. Guntur,
Anantapur, Prakasam, and Kurnool are the major
cotton-producing regions in the state.
● Rajasthan
Rajasthan produces 25 lakh bales of cotton in India
and covers 6.29 lakh hectares area of India. The
regions are Bhilwara, Ajmer, Chittorgarh, Jhalawar,
Pali and Hanumangarh.

20. ● Haryana
Haryana produces 22 lakh bales of cotton and stands
in the 5th position. The cotton plantation covers 7.08
lakh hectares area in Haryana. The major regions are
Fatehabad, Sirsa, Hisar, Bhiwani, Jhajjar, Charkhi
Dadri, Faridabad, Mewat, Palwal, Panipat, Karnal,
Gurugram, Rohtak, Jind, and Kaithal.
● Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh produces 20 lakh bales every year.
5.79 lakh hectares covered by cotton production in
MP. Cotton production regions are Bhopal, Dewas,
Ratlam, Nimar, and Shajapur.

21. ● Karnataka
With 18 lakh bales of cotton in India, Karnataka
stands at 7th position of the largest
cotton-producing state in India. Cotton covers 6.88
lakh hectares area of Karnataka state. Kapas grew
in the North Karnataka Plateau due to ideal
conditions for cotton production. Major reasons are
Dharwad, Gulbarga, Dharwad, Bellary, and Belgaum.
● Punjab
Punjab produces 13 lakh bales per year in India and
covers 2.68 lakh hectares area. The major regions
are Ludhiyana, Moga, Bhatinda, Faridkot, Sangrur,
and Mansa.

22. ● TamilNadu
Tamilnadu state contributes 6 lakh bales of cotton
and covers 1.31 lakh hectares of land in the state.
Vellalore, Ramanathapuram, Coimbatore, Salem and
Madurai, Tiruchirapalli are cotton-producing districts
in TamilNadu.
● Odisha
Orissa produces 4 lakh cotton per year for India and
1.58 lakh hectares area. Subarnapur is the main
cotton production state of Orissa.

23. ● Which Are The Largest
Countries of Cotton
Production in the World?
India is the top agricultural country that produces
the largest cotton crop producing country in the
world. Here, we are showing the largest Kapas
production countries in the World with ranking and
production (1000 480 lb. Bales). With 28500 (1000
480 lb. Bales) India is the largest cotton producing
country in India. India covers 125.84 lakh hectare
area for cotton production.
Productions in 1000 480 lb. Bales

24. Following are the leading cotton producers
in the world.
● India – 28,500
● China – 26,500
● United States – 19,500
● Brazil – 12,000
● Pakistan – 6,300
● Turkey – 3,300
● Uzbekistan – 3,250
● Australia – 1,700
● Greece – 1,640
● Benin – 1450
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